Text |Zhou Bin is a researcher at the Ecological Civilization Research Center of the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences.
Not long ago, the general secretary emphasized at the third meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform that the construction of a beautiful China should be comprehensively promoted and the regulatory system and mechanism of natural monopoly links should be improved. Due to the natural scarcity of oil and gas, minerals and other resources, such natural monopoly industries have economies of scale, and the externalities of the relevant development and utilization process cannot be ignored.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, guided by the concept of "two mountains", China has accelerated the reform of mining rights transaction management and transfer mechanism, and continuously improved the system of exploration and development of important energy and mineral resources, increasing reserves and production, etc., so that the exploration and development of mineral resources in the country has been continuously strengthened, and the overall growth trend of major mineral resources has been revealed. In the past 10 years, 23 100-million-ton oilfields and 28 100-billion-square-meter gas fields have been discovered, and the new resources of more than 80 old mines have reached the scale of large and medium-sized mines, and the service life of a large number of production mines has been extended, and the revision and introduction of measures such as mine geological environmental protection, comprehensive mine remediation, green mine construction in nine major industries, and mine safety production management have promoted the continuous improvement of the quality of the national mine ecological environment, steadily promoted the conservation and efficient utilization of mineral resources, and the "three rates" of important mineral resources Keep improving. Today, more than 1,100 national green mines have been built, 15 provinces have formulated and issued local standards for green mine construction, and a number of green mining development demonstration zones have been created, which has greatly accelerated the pace of ecological civilization construction in China's mining field.
Mineral resources are an important material basis for economic development. At present, China's mineral resource reserves are only 7% of the world's, and consumption accounts for about one-third of the world's, and more than eighty percent of strategic minerals rely on imports, and the structural contradiction between supply and demand of mineral resources is more prominent. At the same time, there are problems such as the digitalization, intelligence, safety and greening level of China's mining industry to be improved, the international competitiveness of the mining industry needs to be enhanced, and the ecological protection mode of mines needs to be improved. To this end, it is necessary to take multiple measures to enhance the safety guarantee and green support capacity of mineral resources.
Strengthen the equal emphasis on open source and cost reduction, and improve the ability to ensure the safety of mineral resources. Strengthen basic research, promote the green exploration of existing strata, explore the "second deep space" mineral resources, and ensure that important minerals, especially 24 strategic minerals, can be increased and produced. Strengthen the strategic reserve of "three rare" mineral resources and the whole chain control of "exploration, mining, processing and marketing". Strengthen the rigid constraints on the total amount of mineral resources, improve the exploration capacity of co-associated mines and the efficiency of tailings recycling, promote the construction of "urban minerals" demonstration bases and "zero-waste cities", and promote the development of venous industries in mining cities.
Accelerate the implementation of scientific and technological innovation-driven, and promote new industrialization in the mining field. Promote the deep integration of the "four chains" in the fields of mining and new materials, high-end equipment manufacturing, new generation information technology, energy conservation and environmental protection, and improve the digital, intelligent, safe and green level of China's mining industry by strengthening the chain, consolidating the chain, supplementing the chain and extending the chain. For important energy minerals and strategic minerals with high dependence on foreign countries, we will accelerate the breakthrough of technical bottlenecks such as exploration and mining and metallurgy of complex co-associated minerals, and accelerate the realization of safe, reliable, advanced and applicable, independent and controllable, green and low-carbon technical processes in the industrial chain.
Give full play to the efficiency of the market and the best of each other, and improve the international competitiveness of China's mining industry. All localities should deepen the reform of "delegating power, delegating power, delegating power, and providing services" in the mining rights market, accelerate the implementation of relevant policies for the transfer of "net mines", promote the optimal allocation of mining rights, and accelerate the construction of an ecological service system for the entire mining industry chain. Strengthen policy guidance, standard formulation, market supervision and other functions, strengthen supervision in the fields of production safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, and do a good job of integrating with international ESG norms, introduce China's mining ESG standards, and improve the quality and timeliness of environmental information disclosure of domestic enterprises. We will continue to deepen the international cooperation, investment and development of overseas high-quality mineral resources, and enhance China's competitiveness in product supply and pricing, capacity cooperation, investment and financing, and market governance in the international mining market.
Actively promote the development of green mining and explore a "value-creation" ecological protection model. Solidly promote the construction of high-level, high-quality and high-standard green mines, and reduce the damage to the ecological environment and secondary disasters in the process of development and utilization of mineral resources. Adhere to the system concept, take technical measures that combine natural restoration and artificial restoration, and improve the resilience of the ecosystem in the mining area. Develop understory complex economy and pastoral complex according to local conditions, support the construction of multi-functional parks such as species breeding, popular science education, leisure and tourism, enhance the public's awareness of environmental protection, and realize the simultaneous improvement of economic value and social benefits. Explore the transformation of the ecological protection model from "financial compensation" to "value creation", and promote the development of green mining and the transformation of resource areas to form a positive interaction.