In November this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued an announcement to include the tomato leafminer moth in the "List of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests".
According to the announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, tomato leaf miner moth is a worldwide invasive insect, with many host crops, wide suitable areas, strong reproductive ability, and heavy damage and lossesAt present, it has been colonized in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Liaoning, Shandong and other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government).It is expanding and spreading, seriously endangering tomato production, which can generally lead to a reduction of 20% to 30% of the yield, and more than 50% of the heavy ones, which seriously threatens the safety of the "vegetable basket". Agricultural and rural departments at all levels are required to strengthen the monitoring of tomato leaf miners, and strictly prevent and control them to ensure that there is no large-scale spread of disasters.
Hazard characteristics of tomato leaf miners
Tomato leaf miner moth belongs to the family Lepidopteran Wheat Moth, which is a small moth insect that can damage 40 crops in 19 families, including tomato, potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, etc. Tomato leaf miners can be dispersed over long distances through the transportation of fruits and seedlings with tomato leaf miners, and can also be transmitted in close proximity with residues around infected tomato greenhouses. It is mainly harmed by larvae, and there are three main ways of damage.
One is latent mesophyllAffects plant photosynthesisrole。The larvae of all instars of tomato leafminer moth can sneak into the leaf tissue of the host plant to feed on the mesophyll, and the translucent submersible channel or window paper pattern and different shapes of submersible channels or latent spots are formed on the edible leavesWhen the insect population density is relatively large, the leaves often shrink and dry up, leaving only green leaf veins, which seriously affects the photosynthesis of the host plant and causes a significant reduction in yield.
The second is mothEat flower buds, fruits,Resulting in direct yield lossWhen large occurs, larvae can also eat flower buds, causing flower buds to fall off or not bloomIt can also eat young fruits, resulting in fruit deformity or growth stagnation, increasing the cost of manual sorting, or incurring parasitism of secondary pathogenic bacteria to cause fruit rot.
The third is the moth-eating topThe buds caused the reseeding of the destroyed seedlingsDelay in agricultural timeWhen the larvae eat the top buds of seedlings, the seedling growth point is often missing, resulting in the reseeding of destroyed seedlingsWhen eating the top tips and young stems, it often causes clusters of bush branches or leaves, with few flowers or no flowers, resulting in abandonment of tubes. In addition, larvae also prefer to eat at the junction between Solanaceae fruits and calyxes, causing young fruits to fall before they are ripe.
Prevention and control methods
Proper crop rotation2-3 year rotation with non-solanaceae crops.
Crop barrierNon-Solanaceae crops are planted around the shed to prevent crops from becoming the source of tomato leaf miners and spreading "vector" crops, and to prevent tomato leaf miners from entering the shed.
Pastoral cleanlinessCompletely remove plant residues, weeds and input packaging waste inside and outside the facility, and bring them to the outside of the shed for centralized harmless treatment to reduce the insect population base. Remove old leaves, insect leaves and fruit borers in time.
Disinfection of shed surfacesBefore tomato planting, the registered insecticide is selected, and the surface of the shed is evenly and carefully sprayed with a room temperature smoke applicator, hot smoke machine or sprayer, and the greenhouse is closed for more than 4 hours, and the air can be planted for 1 day.
Soil disinfectionFrom July to August, the high temperature stuffy shed is adopted, and the surface temperature reaches more than 70 for 15-20 daysor in November-February low temperature freezer shed for more than 30 days;It can also be a week before tomato planting, use horseradish and other agents to evenly drip into the deep layer of the soil covered with mulch, fumigate for 3-5 days, and plant after 3 days of unwrapping the film and dissipating gas.
Insect-free seedlings: Do not buy tomato seedlings from the occurrence area of tomato leaf miner, and avoid raising seedlings in production sheds. Set up an isolated seedling shed, carry out surface disinfection of substrates, hole trays and seedling areas, and install 60 mesh insect nets at the entrances and exits and vents of the nursery sheds. If insect pests are found before tomato seedlings are out of the shed, ethyl spinosapace and other agents can also be used to carry out prevention and control to ensure that the seedlings are out of the shed.
Light booby-trapDuring the adult occurrence period, blue-violet insect trap lamps (wavelength 360-380nm) should be set up in continuous planting fields, 1 lamp should be set up every 5-10 mu in open field, and 1 lamp should be set up in each shed in protected land, and it is recommended that the light source be 0-60 cm away from the ground.
Sexual trapping kills
Monitor booby-trapsBefore the adults fly, the checkerboard hanging trap traps traps the adults in the field, the hanging height is 0-60 cm from the ground, the ordinary trap core is replaced once every 1 month, the long-term trap core is replaced once every 4 months, and the sticky insect board should be replaced in time when the insect volume is large. When used for monitoring, 1 set is hung per mu;When used for early control, 3-5 sets are hung per mu, and each set is spaced 12-15 meters apart.
Mating interferenceBefore the adult flies, the lost silk or the lost tube checkerboard is hung on the middle and lower part of the crop or the well-ventilated branches, and the number of the lost tube and the lost wire is about 40 70 per mu, which reduces the chance of mating, reduces the amount of eggs laid and reduces the number of larvae.
Exploitation of natural predatorsPlanting nectar plants (calendula, sesame, buckwheat, bitter buckwheat, etc.) to conserve natural enemies, and apply natural enemies such as Ji Xiaofeng, taboo bugs, red-eyed bees and ladybugs to control them.
Emergency prevention and control in the new development area: Ethyl spinosamad, Bacillus thuringiensis, indoxacarb, bromonidafen, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and other spray control can be used. The application time is according to the season, in sunny weather, choose 2-3 hours after sunrise or sunset to apply the pesticide, in order to spray evenly, penetrate the principle, do not leave dead corners, in order to improve the prevention and control effect. Each agent should be used up to 2 times in the same growing season, and attention should be paid to the rotation of agents with different mechanisms of action to avoid drug resistance.
It is worth noting that Top Yunnong provides a comprehensive control plan for the comprehensive detection and reporting of sexual and light attractants, and the comprehensive killing of green prevention and control equipment such as insecticidal lamps, which provides multi-dimensional assistance for the prevention and control of tomato leaf miners.
In terms of adult monitoring,By setting up an intelligent trapping and reporting system in open-field vegetable gardens, planting greenhouses, pest frequent areas and other areas, using sexual attractants to attract target pests, automatically identifying and counting the trapping insects, and statistical analysis of insect data, etc., it can realize real-time monitoring of insect population dynamics, interfere with male and female mating, reduce the density of the next generation of insect population, and reduce the occurrence of offspring larvae. In addition, it provides a light trap monitoring method that uses a specific light to trap the intelligent equipmentMale and female adults,It can understand the occurrence of pests in the area more scientifically.
In terms of physical and chemical inducementBy laying a series of insecticidal lamps in greenhouses and outdoor open fields, and using light traps and color traps to trap and kill adults, the current occurrence of tomato leaf miner moth is significantly reduced, which can effectively avoid the large-scale occurrence of tomato leaf miner in the region. Physical and chemical pest control is green, safe and pollution-free, which can effectively ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products.