The essence of Wang Yangming's "Xinxue" is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
The heart is reason: Wang Yangming believes that the "heart" is not only the master of the body, but also the master of all things in heaven and earth. He believes that there is an instinctive sense of goodness and justice in people's hearts, the so-called "conscience". Conscience is innate to human beings, and it is the source of human moral behavior. Wang Yangming advocated that people should achieve self-education and self-transformation through conscience, and then realize internal and external cooperation.
First, the realm of physical and mental unity. At the same time, he believes that the heart and reason are connected, and the moral code in the heart is consistent with the reason of all things in heaven and earth.
2.The unity of knowledge and action: Wang Yangming emphasizes the "unity of knowledge and action", that is, the unity of knowledge and practice. He believes that knowledge is not only a theoretical understanding, but also a practical application. Only by combining knowledge with practice can we truly master knowledge. This view emphasizes the importance of practice and also reflects the pragmatism of Wang Yangming's psychology.
3.To conscience: Wang Yangming believes that people have a natural sense of morality in their hearts, that is, "conscience". He advocated that people should discover and follow their conscience through self-education and self-transformation. This process is called "to the conscience". Through conscience, people can achieve self-improvement and achieve internal and external integration.
First, the realm of physical and mental unity.
4.Wang Yangming believes that people should understand the laws of nature by observing nature, and then understand human society and human beings themselves. He advocated the unity of reason and sensibility through the unity of perceptual and rational cognition, and then realized human self-education and self-transformation. This process is known as "learning from things". He believes that it is only in this way that people can truly understand the truth and truth.
5.Harmony between man and nature: Wang Yangming believes that the unity of man and nature is the foundation of human moral behavior and the condition for the realization of human freedom and all-round development. He advocated that people should realize the unity of nature and man through self-education and self-transformation, and then realize the unity of body and mind.
First, the realm of internal and external unity. This viewpoint embodies the humanistic care and cosmic consciousness in Wang Yangming's psychology.
In general, Wang Yangming's "study of mind" emphasizes the connection between mind and reason, and the unity of knowledge and action.
1. The discovery and observance of conscience, the practice of learning from things, and the realm of the unity of nature and man. Together, these views constitute the essence of Wang Yangming's theory of mind.