After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident in 1937, Chiang Kai-shek went to Lushan to recuperate and deal with military and political affairs. Liu Jianxu, commander-in-chief of the Tenth Army of the Kuomintang at that time, went to visit him and casually asked Chiang Kai-shek, "After a hundred years, who will be able to take your place?" This sensitive question did not arouse Chiang Kai-shek's displeasure, but made him think deeply, and finally replied: "There are only two people in this world who can replace me, and one of them has been killed by me." It is clear that one of the two people to whom Chiang Kai-shek was referring was the great leader of the Chinese Communist Party
The other is Deng Yanda, who has fought all his life for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese nation, and is also one of the people who left at the hands of Chiang Kai-shek. Deng Yanda was born on March 1, 1895 in Lujiao Village, Yonghu Township, Huiyang County, Guangdong Province. Although his ancestors have been farming for generations, Deng Yanda's father, Deng Jingren, was admitted to Xiucai during the Guangxu period. Although he was only a talent during the feudal dynasty, Deng Jingren was very progressive in his thinking, actively exposed himself to Western culture, and founded a school in his hometown. He named his second son "Deng Yanda", and the word is "life selection", which is taken from Huxley's "Theory of Heavenly Evolution" in the progressive view of "natural selection, survival of the fittest".
Deng Yanda was born after the First Sino-Japanese War, and the sound of imperialist artillery still echoes in this lonely land, in stark contrast to the Chinese nation in the late Qing Dynasty. Deng Jingren knew the importance of reading and learning Xi, so as soon as he reached school age, he sent Deng Yanda to Lujiao Primary School. Deng Yanda is smart and diligent, with excellent grades, and lives up to his father's expectations. Therefore, when Deng Jingren went to Tamsui Chongya School to teach, he also brought Deng Yanda over. Tamsui is close to Hong Kong, and the cultural atmosphere is relatively developed and advanced, and the street bookstalls disseminate progressive ideological publications, which are very precious to Deng Yanda, who came from the countryside, and often makes him linger. Guangdong is the birthplace of the revolution.
At that time, Dr. Sun Yat-sen had already launched a number of armed uprisings, which caused a huge shock in the country. When planning the Chaozhou Uprising, Sun Yat-sen sent personnel to launch the "Seven Girls Lake Uprising" in Huizhou. The rebels robbed the ** of the Qing army, killed several Qing soldiers, and occupied some villages. Deng Yanda witnessed China's imperialist aggression and the oppression of feudal dynasties since he was a child, and under the influence of his father Deng Jingren and revolutionary father Deng Zhongyuan, he was determined to learn Xi military and contribute to the country and the nation.
In 1909, 14-year-old Deng Yanda was admitted to the fourth phase of the Guangdong Army Primary School, although he was the youngest in the class, his achievements and abilities in military and economic history subsets were the best. Within this traditional military school, there were already some progressive forces of revolutionaries, and Deng Yanda was recommended by Deng Keng and secretly joined the League. Through exchanges and Xi with the members of the League, Deng Yanda's revolutionary consciousness and consciousness were further deepened, and he also strengthened his revolutionary outlook on life.
The League needed to liaise with local organizations, but the Qing Dynasty was very vigilant about this, and all personnel entering and leaving military institutions had to be closely interrogated and searched. Clever and short, Deng Yanda was dispatched as a traffic officer to deliver confidential documents, which was highly appreciated by other revolutionary party members. In 1910, the Gengxu New Army Uprising broke out in Guangzhou, and due to the hasty and unsuccessful plan, the Qing army launched a large-scale manhunt and arrest operation in an attempt to suppress revolutionary activities. During this period of White Terror, Deng Yanda and other students of the Guangdong Army Primary School took covert actions to keep the flame of revolution alive.
At the same time, Deng Yanda also issued a proclamation calling on the broad masses of the people to unite to eliminate the humiliation of foreign aggression and defend the dignity of the country. Members of the Hui Party in various parts of Huizhou responded to the call and joined in fierce battles with the Qing army, defeating the Qing army several times, dealing a serious blow to the reactionary rule. This uprising that happened around him gave Deng Yanda a great encouragement and emerged as a veteran of Xinhai. Wearing military uniforms, school emblems, and carrying propaganda slogans, anti-Qing ideology quietly spread in Huangpu. These anti-Qing propaganda materials not only shocked the Qing court, but also stimulated the people's resistance and injected new strength into the revolutionary cause.
On April 27, 1911, the guns of the Huanghuagang Uprising rang out in Guangzhou, and the Wuchang Uprising and the establishment of the Guangdong Army**, the flame of revolution quickly spread to the whole country. The Guangdong Army Primary School established a revolutionary army, and Deng Yanda, who was only 16 years old, became an instructor in the revolutionary army, responsible for training the militia into a regular revolutionary army. Yuan Shikai usurped the gains of the revolution, and Deng Yanda was deeply angry and disappointed. In his opinion, the lack of a strong military force was the most important reason for the defeat of the revolution. Therefore, he decided to continue his military Xi in preparation for the future revolutionary cause. In 1912, he became a transfer student in the infantry section of the Guangdong Army Accelerated School.
In 1920, Deng Zhongyuan founded the First Division of the Guangdong Army, and Deng Yanda was appointed as a staff officer and commander of the independent infantry battalion. Because of his outstanding performance in the battle, he was promoted to major general staff officer in 1923, and Mr. Sun Yat-sen presented him with a handwritten couplet, which read: "Cultivate the ambition to die and get rid of the root of greed for life." ”。Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said: "There is hope for the revolution with two attainments." One of them is Deng Yanda. During the first cooperation between the KMT and the CCP, Deng Yanda firmly supported Sun Yat-sen's cooperation with the Communist Party, jointly reorganized the Kuomintang, and actively assisted Sun Yat-sen in founding the Whampoa Military Academy.
In July 1926, the Guangdong Nationalists launched the Northern Expedition, and Deng Yanda served as the director of the Political Department of the General Headquarters of the National Revolutionary Army and actively participated in the Northern Expedition. From the preparation of the Northern Expedition to the eve of the Great Revolution, Deng Yanda always regarded the Communists as comrades-in-arms and fought side by side with them, creating an indelible historical story. Deng Yanda: A staunch follower of Sun Yat-senDeng Yanda is a faithful follower of Sun Yat-sen, who not only adheres to Sun Yat-sen's new Three People's Principles, but also constantly explores a new path of the Chinese revolution. In his view, the key to implementing Sun Yat-sen's new Three People's Principles is to adhere to the cooperation between the KMT and the CPC. However, Chiang Kai-shek was not only opposed to the Communists, but also excluded the left within the Kuomintang.
In order to counter Chiang Kai-shek's authoritarian conspiracy, Deng Yanda arranged for many Communists to serve as party representatives and heads of the General Political Department of the various armies during the Northern Expedition. In the later period of the Great Revolution, when Deng Yanda concurrently served as the Minister of Peasants, he also humbly accepted the suggestions of the Communists and actively carried out peasant activities. In order to train cadres in the peasant movement, he founded the Agricultural Movement Xi Institute, appointed *** and others as committee members, participated in meetings together, and drafted documents. However, in 1927, after the defeat of the Great Revolution, the new warlords of the Kuomintang replaced the old warlord rule, and Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei launched counter-revolutionary events one after another, resulting in a tragic ** incident.
Chiang Kai-shek departed from cooperation with the Communists and launched a campaign of repression against the Communists. In the name of the so-called "purging of the party", he carried out a large-scale repressive campaign that led to the deaths of thousands of communists and revolutionaries. At the same time, he also used force to dissolve the left wing of the Kuomintang and continued his ambition to pursue personal power, which exacerbated the turmoil in the country. On January 26, 1927, Deng Yanda personally went to Lushan to condemn Chiang Kai-shek's ** behavior and completely break with Chiang Kai-shek. After the "April 12" coup, Deng Yanda, Soong Qingling, ** and others jointly published the "Discussion of Chiang Kai-shek's Telegram", condemning Chiang Kai-shek's ** and anti-people crimes.
He personally presided over a mass meeting in Wuhan denouncing Chiang Kai-shek's coup d'état and the brutal repression of the masses of workers and peasants. Deng Yanda's firm conviction and courage in this series of struggles, as well as his determination to defend the people's rights and interests, show his resolute loyalty to the revolutionary cause. However, this revolutionary road is full of thorns and bumps. After the situation changed, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Deng Yanda to be arrested. The 32-year-old was forced to resign from his post and go into exile in Europe. Despite repeated setbacks, he remained highly zealous for the revolutionary cause, and his heart of loyalty remained unshaken.
Deng Yanda went to more than a dozen countries in Europe and Asia to conduct investigations and study Xi, constantly learning from Western experience, and actively exploring the revolutionary road of the Chinese nation in pursuit of independence, prosperity and strength. In letters to his wife, he often inspired himself with the sacrifice of his revolutionary comrades: "I am really sad that I cannot die in the same heap. You always have to die once in life, but you have to die for the people and for everyone in order to die properly. On this revolutionary road full of difficulties and obstacles, Deng Yanda has long been ready to fight for it all his life and sacrifice his life.
In fact, during Deng Yanda's exile in Europe, some like-minded people also took active action to organize the Chinese Revolutionary Party and respect Deng Yanda as its leader. They plotted to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek's regime and continue to fight for the cause of the Chinese revolution. In May 1930, Deng Yanda secretly returned to Shanghai, and then he actively organized and convened representatives from all over the country to convene the first national cadre conference in the French Concession of Shanghai on August 9. The "Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang" was formally established, which was the predecessor of the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party. When Chiang Kai-shek learned the news of Deng Yanda's secret return to China, he was both panicked and resentful.
He was well aware of Deng Yanda's influence and ability, and understood that Deng Yanda's existence could pose a threat to his position of power. So Chiang Kai-shek immediately summoned Dai Li and asked him to find and arrest Deng Yanda within a month. On August 17, 1928, Deng Yanda was attending the closing ceremony of the Jiangxi Uprising Cadre Training Class at No. 20 Yuyuanfang, Shanghai. After Chen Jingzhai of the Provisional Action Committee learned that Chiang Kai-shek had offered Deng Yanda a large reward, he quietly reported to the detective team of the Songhu Garrison Command for fear of being implicated. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the detectives of the Kuomintang Songhu Garrison Headquarters and the detectives of the patrol room in the concession rushed into the meeting hall under the pretext of searching for the Communists.
Deng Yanda was not afraid at all, and immediately stepped forward: "I am Deng Yanda, don't bother others!" Later, Chiang Kai-shek used both soft and hard measures, promising ** Houlu to win over Deng Yanda, trying to make him give up his ideas and announce the dissolution of the organization. But Deng Yanda's attitude was always firm and sternly refused. After Deng Yanda was escorted to Nanjing, Song Qingling, Cai Yuanpei, and others, as well as many soldiers of the Kuomintang Provisional Action Committee and the Huangpu Department, were actively carrying out rescue activities. However, Chiang Kai-shek was very scheming, and after the Provisional Action Committee had drawn up a rescue plan, he ordered Deng Yanda to be transferred to another place where he was imprisoned.
Late at night on November 29, Wang Shihe lied that he had taken Deng Yanda to Tangshan for imprisonment, but the car suddenly stopped halfway through, and then Deng Yanda was taken off. In the early morning and early winter, before the sky was bright, there was the sound of gunfire in the fog. Deng Yanda was only 36 years old, and it was in this year that news of his assassination did not come out until December. Soong Ching-ling was filled with righteous indignation, accused Chiang Kai-shek in person, and publicly issued a "Declaration" in Shanghai, severely condemning Chiang Kai-shek's evil deeds. Almost overnight, the streets of Shanghai and many other cities were plastered with slogans such as "Down with Chiang Kai-shek" and "Revenge for Deng Yanda."
Chen Cheng, a close friend of Deng Yanda and a close confidant of Chiang Kai-shek, sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek after Deng Yanda**: "Cherish talents for the country and deal with them leniently." After Deng Yanda was killed, Chen Cheng was very sad, and wrote in a letter to his wife: "Choose my brother to die for the revolution, for the Chinese nation, for the world's weak, and die as he deserves!" ”。After the liberation of the country, Deng Yanda's body was moved to the foothills of the beautiful Purple Mountain, located on the left side of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, adjacent to the Liao Zhongkai Mausoleum. He was a loyal follower of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary ideals, and this spirit and contribution will always be engraved around the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, becoming an immortal symbol of the revolutionary cause of the Chinese nation. Resources.
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