Reading a little Qing history will continue to update and recommend the most well-known, interesting and in-depth history books in the field of Qing history. From today, we will continue to introduce you to the fourth book "The Last Imperial Family: A Social History of the Qing Dynasty", if you want to know more details, please read on!
When ethnic minorities rule over the majority, they often adopt gestures that show affinity with the majority in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of their rule. The Greeks ruled in Asia Minor, Alexander the Great in Persia, Julius Caesar in Egypt, and the Arabs in Spain. Luo Youzhi believes that the reason for the success of the Qing Dynasty was not that it accepted the assimilation of the dominant Han culture, but that it skillfully integrated the ruling styles of ethnic minorities with the institutional policies of the previous Central Plains dynasties, and adopted a flexible multicultural policy in response to the coexistence of multiple ethnic groups under its rule.
As an ethnic minority from the northeast, the Manchus of Aixinjue Luo integrated into the Han bureaucracy and the common people through a series of sinicization methods, gained their national identity, and then strengthened the centralized management and strengthened the rule of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty also strengthened its control over ethnic minority areas, and peace, war, and institutional change provided a powerful political rule for the Qing Dynasty to control Xinjiang, Yunnan, Guichuan and Taiwan, and strengthened the political authority of the Qing Dynasty. When the Qing Dynasty ruled China, a unified multi-ethnic state, it adopted a series of new sinicization measures to consolidate the foundation of its political rule, strengthen ethnic integration and harmonious coexistence, and demonstrate its ethnic affinity and inclusiveness. The Qing Dynasty promoted the integration of China's multi-ethnic and multi-culture, making China the multi-ethnic state it is today.
The emperor's heart was unfathomable, extremely stubborn and well-intentioned to abide by the characteristics of the Manchu tribes outside the Guanwai, and at the same time had both Inner Asian and nomadic nature, and he was quite repulsive and wary of the integration of the Han people, and only used Confucianism in the Central Plains in a very small number of areas, fully demonstrating the unique and profound ruling techniques of the Manchu rulers. The author emphasizes that while the Qing Dynasty absorbed the bureaucratic political principles of the Han regime to improve its own politics, it also avoided as much as possible the struggle for the crown and the seizure of power by foreign relatives in a different way than the Han regime—the Kangxi Emperor established the Southern Study, and the Yongzheng Emperor established the Military Aircraft Department and established the secret reserve system.
China's Hanchens often criticized territorial expansion because it would deplete China's native resources." This shows that the Qing Dynasty was not only a victim of imperialism, but also a promoter of imperialism. The Manchus created a centralized empire that the Ming Dynasty could not match, so the Qing Dynasty should be called "Early Modern", not "Late Empire". This is a view once put forward by scholars of the new Qing Dynasty. Imperialism in a broad sense refers to supporting the ruler in expanding the country's territory and assimilating other ethnic groups, and the Aisin Jueluo clan has been very active in the implementation of these two measures, the most representative example of which is a series of measures to quell the rebellion of the three feudatories. After the end of the Southern Ming Dynasty, the three vassal kings who had previously been feudal by Emperor Kangxi and located in the south - Wu Sangui, King of Pingxi, Shang Kexi, King of Pingnan, and Geng Jingzhong, King of Jingnan, had differences with the Qing court due to Emperor Kangxi's decision to withdraw the feudal domain in the twelfth year of Kangxi, and launched the "Three Feudatories Rebellion" in history. After the Qing army entered Yunnan, it fought fiercely with the three kings, at the end of the 20th year of Kangxi, the Qing army besieged the provincial capital Kunming, Wu Shifan, the grandson of Wu Sangui, committed suicide, and the rest of the tribes and tribes surrendered, and the rebellion of the three feudatories was finally successfully pacified.
After the end of the rebellion of the three feudatories, the Qing Dynasty implemented a series of border management measures in the southwest region, and the Yongzheng Emperor actively implemented the policy of "changing the land and returning to the stream", and carried out the reform of the land tax system, which indirectly enabled the Qing Dynasty to establish a relatively complete multi-ethnic state power, directly and effectively controlled the population of the Yunnan-Guizhou region in the southwest, promoted the social and economic development of the border areas, weakened the remaining political forces and anti-Qing forces of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and effectively completed the unification of the multi-ethnic country. The pacification of the rebellion of the three feudatories and the subsequent measures to rule the southwest region resolved the Han people's worries and rebellions against "foreign rule", alleviated the contradictions between the Manchus and the Hans, and truly realized the integration of "governing unification" and "Taoist unification", so that the Qing Dynasty took a solid step on the journey of realizing "great unification".
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