The situation in the Qing Dynasty is changing, and the old queen mother is in trouble both inside and outside.
In June 1900, the situation in the Qing Dynasty was like a scorching summer day, and it was so unquiet that people were restless. The 65-year-old empress dowager is always worried about the unsuccessful Emperor Guangxu, and she must deal with it cautiously in the face of external troubles and internal worries.
Internal and external troubles are intertwined: the rise of the Boxers and the pressure of foreign powers.
The rise of the Boxer Rebellion became a pain in the heart of the old empress dowager. The foreigners were arrogant on the territory of the Qing Dynasty, while the Boxers were making trouble. The old empress dowager clearly realized that the problem of foreigners could not be solved in a moment, and dealing with the Boxer Rebellion became a top priority. However, for the Boxers, two voices rang in the ears of the Queen Mother: pacification and pacification.
The duel between the factions of the imperial court: the main Fu faction and the main suppression faction.
The norm in feudal dynasties is the emergence of two factions, the main battle and the main peace. In this crisis, the voice of the main peace faction gradually overwhelmed the main battle faction. Spending money to buy peace became the easiest way to solve problems in the eyes of the royal family, and the Boxers were seen as part of loyalty to the imperial court.
The painstaking persuasion of the local magistrates.
The imperial court was efficient, but its handling of the Boxer Rebellion raised concerns among local officials. Zhang Zhidong, Liu Kunyi and others suggested to the old empress dowager, pointing out that the threat of the Boxers should not be taken lightly. However, the main Fu faction was unmoved, which further aroused the dissatisfaction of the local officials.
The Enlightenment of Southeast Mutual Insurance: Sheng Xuanhuai's Decision.
At this critical moment, Sheng Xuanhuai, the head of telegraph communications in the Qing Dynasty, played a key role. He seized the telegram that went north to rescue the driver, and promoted the launch of the "Southeast Mutual Insurance" strategy. The core of this strategy was to protect the tranquility of the southeastern region and to work with the foreign powers to safeguard the interests of the concession and the interior.
Summer in the Qing Dynasty: The invasion of the Great Powers and the first battle of the Boxers.
The Boxers performed well in the first battle and dealt a heavy blow to the Eight-Nation Alliance. However, the old empress dowager and the main Fu faction were too happy and failed to see the limitations of the Boxers.
The refusal of the south to go north: the disappointment of the Empress Dowager Cixi.
Faced with the victory of the Boxer Rebellion in the first battle, the old empress dowager quickly declared war on the eleven countries, hoping that the southern army could increase the army to the north. However, Sheng Xuanhuai, Li Hongzhang and other southern ** refused to carry out this order, forming a strategy of "mutual protection in the southeast".
Historical turning point: the old queen mother fled to Xi'an.
With the refusal of the Southern officials, the prestige of the Qing family was in jeopardy. The Empress Dowager Cixi fled to Xi'an in the night of shame, and the situation of the Qing Dynasty changed again.
Far-reaching: The Enlightenment of the Southeast Mutual Insurance Strategy.
The enlightenment of the "Southeast Mutual Insurance" strategy has left a far-reaching impact on history. It shows the fear of the local officials about the fate of the Qing Dynasty, as well as the courage and foresight in the face of the threat of foreign powers. The crises of this period not only affected the fate of the Qing Dynasty, but also laid the cornerstone of modern Chinese history.
The above details the political game and external dilemmas inside and outside the Qing court, showing the rise of the Boxer Rebellion, the invasion of foreign powers, and the reaction of local officials. The uniqueness of this period of history lies in the intertwining of political struggles and international pressures, the intricacies of the situation, in which the interests of all parties intersect, resulting in a series of unexpected results.
First of all, the article vividly depicts the plight of the old queen mother in the crisis. At the age of 65, she is still worried about the government and politics, and she must deal with it cautiously in the face of external troubles and the rise of the Boxers. The article shows the inherent characteristics of the feudal dynasty, that is, internal and external troubles will inevitably lead to factional confrontation, and the confrontation between the main war and the main peace.
The rise of the Boxers, as an emerging force, showed ardent patriotic feelings for the country. However, with the support of the Empress Dowager and the Lord's faction, they were soon used as a tool to solve external troubles, exposing the hypocrisy and complexity of politics under the feudal system. This kind of political maneuver led to the dissatisfaction of local officials, especially the strong resistance of the south through the "southeast mutual insurance" strategy.
The enlightenment of the "Southeast Mutual Insurance" strategy is of far-reaching significance. This strategy demonstrated the autonomy of the local officials and their deep awareness of the decline of the Qing Dynasty. By refusing to increase their troops in the north through joint action, they were actually protecting the interests of the region and finding a way out for the fate of the Qing Dynasty. The decisions of Sheng Xuanhuai, Li Hongzhang and others made the strategy of "mutual protection in the southeast" a great change in politics at the end of the Qing Dynasty and laid the cornerstone of modern Chinese history.
The whole historical period reflects the shortcomings of the political system and the inevitability of change in Chinese society in the face of external pressure and internal troubles. The choice of local officials is not only a question of the Qing Dynasty system, but also a reflection on the fate of the country. Historical turning points are often intertwined by a complex set of political, social, and economic factors. This historical story stimulates people's thinking about China's modern and modern history, and provides an important reference for us to understand the complex political landscape of China today.
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