Liao Yaoxiang: I'm a war criminal, how can I be a teacher?These 3 questions can only be told by you
One day in 1951, the Beijing Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center received an unusual task: ** personally named a Kuomintang war criminal to teach at the Military Academy of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
However, Yao Lun, the director of the management center, was even more surprised when he saw the name of the war criminal.
Although the situation was puzzling, Yao Lun found the war criminal as soon as possible and explained the situation in detail.
It was supposed to be a great opportunity to perform, but when the war criminal heard this, his eyes widened in disbelief, and he waved his hand again and again and said, "How is this possible?"I am a war criminal, a defeated general, how can I lecture in front of the victors?No, absolutely not!For this strange order, Yao Lun had no choice but to say: "You don't have to have a psychological burden, this is just a task assigned to you by the organization, you can think about it." ”
In the face of Yao Lun's persuasion, the war criminals knew that they could no longer refuse, so they could only reluctantly agree: "I'll try it, and I'll come back immediately if I can't say it well." ”
When he arrived at the Military Academy, he was surprised to be greeted by the dean at the school gate in person. After the greetings, ** said bluntly: "This time, please come over as our teacher, mainly to explain the three aspects of the problem." Moreover, these three questions are only you can tell, and we can only be your students. ”
When this Kuomintang war criminal faced this victorious general who had made great achievements in war and was famous at home and abroad, he said with sincere fear: "I'm afraid I can't speak well!"* smiled and replied, "Don't worry, you can just speak." ”
So, who is this Kuomintang war criminal?Why did you name him as a teacher at the Military Academy?Why is it that only he can answer these three questions?What was the reaction of the students at that time?
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the tasks of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) have undergone tremendous changes, and building a regular and modern army and training middle and senior commanders who can meet the needs of modern warfare have become a top priority. Against this background, ***, then the second secretary of the Southwest Bureau and the commander of the Second Field Army, voluntarily resigned from all his posts and went to run a military school.
After many efforts, on January 15, 1951, the Military Academy of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was formally established in Nanjing, and ** naturally became the president and political commissar. In order to encourage the development of the college, Mr. Zhu personally wrote an inscription: "Study hard and defend national defense";"Striving to build a modern and powerful national defense force." As a result, the first high-level military academy in the whole army, which includes all branches of the armed forces, was officially opened.
After the spread is spread, it is like a theatrical performance, which requires not only an excellent script, but also excellent actors. But how to ensure the quality of teaching has become a headache. He often said: "To run a theater troupe, you need a famous actor like Mei Lanfang, you need a smart doctor to open a hospital, and to run a school, you need a team of high-level teachers who are proficient in business." ”
At this moment, our country is facing the urgent problem of a shortage of teachers. A large number of military cadres are urgently needed to resist US aggression and aid Korea and to build up the armed forces. Although there are quite a few outstanding generals in our army, most of them are self-taught, lack systematic cultural education, and find it difficult to organically combine theory and practical combat skills to pass on to the trainees. In addition, the tense situation of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea caused many generals to go to the front line, which made the shortage of teachers in military academies particularly prominent. In order to solve this problem, the leaders of ** and other colleges actively sent personnel to various places"Visiting the Virtuous"with"Careers"。
They not only transferred a number of instructors from the East China Military and Political University and the North China Military and Political University, but also recruited a certain number of intellectuals from local colleges and universities to serve as instructors, and hired more than 20 Soviet military experts.
However, these are still far from sufficient to meet the teaching needs of the college. Intellectuals recruited from universities, although fluent in eloquence and rich in theory, appear to be inexperienced in practical teaching.
Faced with this dilemma, ** made a difficulty, but when everyone was helpless, he suddenly made a bold decision.
At that time, there was a group of military strategists in China who had rich practical combat experience and graduated from world-class military academies, however, due to their special status, most of them were senior Kuomintang generals, and they either rebelled or were in the **. If these war criminals have talents, why don't they make the most of them?In order to run the military academy well, with its unique courage and courage, more than 600 former Kuomintang officers were selected as instructors, accounting for about 70% of the total number of instructors at that time. When screening people, there was a person who was favored many times and insisted on inviting him to teach students.
This character is Liao Yaoxiang, so who is he?
Liao Yaoxiang was a famous anti-Japanese general, but also a prisoner and war criminal in the War of Liberation. At the age of 20, he was admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy with excellent grades, and Chiang Kai-shek personally designated him to study at the Saint-Cyr Military Academy in France at public expense. After studying in France for 5 years, Liao Yaoxiang was also admitted to the French Cavalry Mechanization College and joined the French Cavalry Force after graduation. This shows that Liao Yaoxiang has received a systematic military education.
In 1936, at the age of 30, he returned to China and was awarded the rank of major, and in less than a year he was promoted to major general.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Liao Yaoxiang showed outstanding command skills in battles such as the Battle of Songhu, the Battle of Nanjing, and the Battle of Kunlun Pass. Subsequently, he led the 22nd Division on two expeditions to Burma to resist the Japanese, and participated in and commanded many battles, such as Gu, Mantler, Baishihe, Mengguan, etc. After returning to China, he participated in the Battle of Xiangxi until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. These battles were fierce, and the troops led by Liao Yaoxiang performed well, accepting the surrender of the Japanese army twice.
However, in September 1948, the People's Liberation Army launched the Liaoshen Campaign, and Liao Yaoxiang's troops in the areas of Montenegro and Dahushan were encircled and annihilated, and all the more than 100,000 people of the Ninth Corps led by him were annihilated. On October 27, Liao Yaoxiang was captured.
Despite his capture, Liao Yaoxiang was still terrified every day, and although he knew that the Communist Party treated prisoners preferentially, he was still prepared for a long period of detention. However, he never imagined that he would one day become a teacher at the PLA Military Academy.
Liao Yaoxiang received a notice from Yao Lun, director of the Gongdelin Management Institute, and learned that General Chang Sheng personally asked him to serve as a teacher at the Military Academy. At first, he thought it was a joke, how could he, a defeated general, become an instructor of a victorious army?However, in front of Yao Lun's serious and sincere expression, he no longer shirked, and could only agree to give it a try.
When he arrived at the Military Academy, Liao Yaoxiang saw *** personally greet him at the door. The dean of the PLA Military Academy and a former war criminal walked and chatted at the door like good friends.
After some greetings, ** said bluntly: "This time, please be our teacher, and talk about three issues: first, the tactical achievements of the small troops you led during the resistance against Japan in Burma, the forest combat method and the battle in towns and villages;The second is the experience of the Liaoshen Campaign, the advantages and disadvantages of both sides;The third is your suggestion on the building of our army. ”
Hearing this, Liao Yaoxiang smiled bitterly and said, "I'm afraid it's not easy to talk about!."* replied with a smile: "Don't worry, speak boldly!."These three questions can only be told by you, we are only your students. ”
**The reason for this is that in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Burma, the Kuomintang 22nd Division led by Liao Yaoxiang performed well, annihilating a large number of enemies with small losses. Moreover, he also studied the terrain in the primeval forest, and became an innovator and editor of small unit tactics, forest warfare methods, and town and village combat. Although he was captured in the Liaoshen Campaign, the New Sixth Army under his command caused a lot of trouble to our army.
In addition to these three questions, there is another reason why Liao Yaoxiang was invited to teach, and there is another reason for Liao Yaoxiang's character. On the battlefield of resistance against Japan, he not only led the troops to fight bravely, but also visited the battlefield to inspect the terrain and treated his soldiers very kindly. Unlike other Kuomintang generals, despite his high position, he has always maintained a simple style of life.
**In order to solve the rejection of the students, I personally persuaded them, but the students seemed to find it difficult to accept.
Most of the cadets of the Military Academy are commanders from various units of our army, who have experienced many battles, and some even participated in the Liaoshen Campaign. Before Liao Yaoxiang came, ** invited some Kuomintang generals to teach, but the effect was very small, and there were even cases where students collided and quarreled with the instructor in class.
Therefore, when the news of Liao Yaoxiang's coming to teach came out, the students were even more dissatisfied, and some even bluntly said: "I won't listen to the defeat that will teach us to win the battle." ”
In order to solve this contradiction, a general meeting of all students was held. He said solemnly at the meeting: "Mr. Zhu and I are both half-warlords and half-revolutionaries, and I have said that revolutions do not distinguish between morning and evening, in no particular order, and those who stand in the ranks of revolutionaries are like-minded comrades." The students began to talk a lot and gradually changed their attitudes. ** continued: "These Kuomintang instructors have been specially invited by me with *** approval. They systematically impart knowledge to us, they are our teachers, and we should respect them. ”
The students gradually understood the good intentions of the students and realized that only by reading the strengths of others can they become excellent commanders. Everyone is working hard for New China, what is the difference between the past experiences?
Seeing that the attitude of the students had changed, ** immediately notified Liao Yaoxiang to come to teach.
Live up to expectations. Although *** personally encouraged and emphasized the key points of the lecture, when Liao Yaoxiang stepped on the podium, his heart was still full of nervousness, and a little sweat oozed from his forehead. However, as the content of the lecture deepened, Liao Yaoxiang seemed to have returned to Myanmar and Savage Mountain. He combines classic cases with military theories, and tells them in a simple and fascinating way. The students below listened with relish, like a spring breeze. At the end of the class, the classroom burst into applause. Next, ** stepped onto the podium, held Liao Yaoxiang's hand tightly, and exclaimed: "General Liao, your class is really vivid and wonderful. ”
In the next few classes, Liao Yaoxiang continued to explain in depth the Burma operation, the Liaoshen Campaign, and the suggestions for the construction of our army, which was vivid and interesting. Especially when analyzing the Liaoshen Campaign, he faced the question of the students: "During the Montenegrin Blockade Battle, you had a chance to capture Montenegro, why did you suddenly retreat?"He replied succinctly: "Our military spirit is weakened." ”
After the course, Liao Yaoxiang returned to the Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center to continue receiving ideological education and labor reform.
On December 25, 1961, Liao Yaoxiang was granted amnesty. After being released from prison, he worked for a year as a trainee worker in the People's Commune on the outskirts of Beijing. During this time, he had an in-depth understanding of the various policies of the new China, learned about the land reform, and the people had cultivated their fields, and their lives became better and full of vitality. Recalling the period of Kuomintang rule, the people had a hard time, which was completely different from now, it was heaven and hell. He is already patriotic and loves the people, and he is happy and sincere to the Communist Party.
In 1962, Liao Yaoxiang served as a cultural and historical commissioner at the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, with a monthly salary of 100 yuan, writing more than 100,000 words of materials per month, and reviewing more than one million words of cultural and historical materials, leaving valuable military and political materials for future generations. During his work, Liao Yaoxiang read a lot of Marxist-Leninist works, gained a deeper understanding of communism, and wrote to ***, asking to join the Communist Party.
There are many war criminals like Liao Yaoxiang, such as Du Yuming and Fan Hanjie.
It is the teaching policy of taking teaching as the center and linking theory with practice that makes the Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army flourish. The trainees have benefited a lot, and their military quality has been rapidly improved, and they have won high praise. Today, the Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese People's Republic of China has experienced the baptism of wind and rain and has developed into the highest military academy in China - the National Defense University of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, which is part of the 211 Project in the army, and is also a university that countless Chinese sons and daughters dream of but are difficult to enter.