Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources issued the "Rural Revitalization Land Use Policy Guidelines (2023)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Land Use Policy Guidelines"), which stipulates more than 10 negative lists of rural revitalization land.
The first item of the negative list is that permanent basic farmland is strictly prohibited from being occupied, including the prohibition of conversion to other agricultural land such as forest land, grassland, orchard land, and land for the construction of agricultural facilities, not to mention industrial land or land for real estate development.
The important purpose of this strict prohibitive measure is to protect high-quality farmland, and the permanent basic farmland is basically high-quality farmland. Although China's total cultivated land has achieved a net increase for two consecutive years, this is based on the continuous reduction of cultivated land in the past many years, and it is a net increase on a low base, which can also be said to be a net increase in recovery. In addition, in the past many years, a large amount of high-quality arable land resources have been occupied or repurposed.
What was the reason for the previous decrease in arable land?The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Natural Resources has explained this: at that time, the main reason for the reduction of cultivated land was the adjustment of agricultural structure and land greening, of which the net flow was 06.3 billion mu.
This relevant person in charge is also the person in charge of the Office of the Leading Group for the Third National Land Survey. The Third National Land Survey began in 2018, and the Communiqué on the Main Data of the Third National Land Survey was issued in 2021, which is authoritative in the land and resources survey.
The relevant person in charge emphasized the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, and the "Land Use Policy Guide" also emphasized the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation and the balance of cultivated land in and out.
The balance of occupation and compensation means that the unit occupying the cultivated land shall be responsible for cultivating the cultivated land equivalent to the quantity and quality of the occupied cultivated land in accordance with the principle of "how much is occupied and how much is reclaimed" after the approval of non-agricultural constructionThe balance of entry and exit refers to the conversion of cultivated land into other agricultural land such as forest land, grassland, orchard land and agricultural facility construction land, and it is necessary to make up for the same quantity and quality of cultivated land that can be used stably for a long time by coordinating the consolidation of other agricultural land such as forest land, grassland, orchard land and agricultural facility construction land into cultivated land.
Both "balances" emphasize the quality of cultivated land, but in the actual operation process, how to achieve the "replacement" of the same cultivated land quality is a big problem, that is to say, it is difficult to achieve "balance": the cost of occupying cultivated land, including high-quality cultivated land, is relatively low, and the cost of supplementing the same quantity and quality of cultivated land that can be used stably for a long time is relatively high;The cultivated land occupied in the early stage is basically good land, and the quality of the cultivated land that is "processed" into cultivated land in the later stage will be greatly reduced. The so-called farmland is a phenomenon that exists in many places.
Therefore, it is necessary to take more stringent measures to protect high-quality cultivated land resources, including strict implementation of the negative list system. You can't leave a gap, and once you do, there will be a loophole, which is a lesson that has been learned in the past.
The "Land Use Policy Guidelines" emphasizes that in the future, it is not allowed to dig lakes and landscaping and plant turf on ordinary cultivated land, and it is not allowed to expand the scale of returning farmland to forests, grasslands, wetlands and lakes without authorization in the ecological plan approved by the state, and it is not allowed to exceed the standard outside the red line of railways, highways and other land uses, as well as on both sides of rivers and canals, around reservoirs, and occupy general cultivated land to plant trees and build green belts.
In addition, the Guidelines for Land Use Policy further emphasize that without approval, industrial and commercial enterprises and other social capital shall not convert ordinary cultivated land that has obtained land management rights through circulation into other agricultural land such as forest land and orchard land.
There are many ways to infringe on high-quality cultivated land, but local ** related behaviors are factors that cannot be ignored, and the responsibilities of ** and relevant departments are clear in the provisions of the "Land Use Policy Guidelines".
In short, to ensure China's food security, we need to maintain more than 1.8 billion acres of arable land, and China has formulated a plan to continue to protect 186.5 billion acres of arable land and 15The target of 4.6 billion mu of permanent basic farmland. In terms of the overall area of cultivated land, this goal has been initially achieved, but there are still more difficult problems to be solved in terms of cultivated land quality.
The negative list is important, but how it is implemented is even more important.
*: CBN).
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