Zhuangzi and Keiko play on the Haoshui Bridge. Zhuangzi said: "The perch swims around and relaxes, which is the joy of the fish." Keiko said, "You are not a fish, how can you know the happiness of fish?"Zhuangzi said, "You are not me, how can you know that I don't know the joy of fish?"Keiko said, "I am not you, and I don't know what you think;You're not a fish in the first place, and you don't know the joy of fish, so it's complete and accurate!Zhuangzi said: "Please go back to what you asked me from, and you said, 'How do you know the happiness of fish', which means that you already know that I know the happiness of fish before you came to ask me." Now let me tell you, I knew about it on the Haoshui Bridge. ”
The autumn rains fell on time, and the water from the large and small streams poured into the Yellow River. The water flow is so vast and wide that even cattle and horses cannot be distinguished between the two banks and the water banks in the river. So Hebo was happy, thinking that the beauty of the world was concentrated on himself. It followed the current of water to the east, reached the North Sea, and looked eastward, with no end in sight. So Hebo changed his complacent attitude, raised his head and sighed to the sea god: "As the saying goes: 'After listening to a lot of truths, I always feel that I am not as smart as myself. That's what I'm talking about. Moreover, I have heard that Confucius has little knowledge and despises the integrity of Boyi, but I did not believe it at first. Now I have seen with my own eyes the endless waters of your water, and if I had not come to your door, it would have been dangerous, and I would have been ridiculed forever by those who had attained the Enlightenment. ”Beihai Ruo said: "You can't talk to the frog in the well about the sea, because it is confined to a very small place in the well;For the insects that die in the summer and autumn, they can't talk about freezing with it, because its life is limited to a very short time;The reason why a shallow and paranoid person cannot talk to him about the Great Way is because he is bound by worldly learning. Now that you have come out of the river bank and seen the sea, and know your own loneliness, you will be able to talk to you about the road. There is no greater water in the world than the sea, into which the waters of thousands of rivers have been brought in, and I don't know when they will stop, but the sea has never overflowed;The sea water is discharged from the tail place, and it is not known when it will stop, but the sea will not be empty;Regardless of the change of seasons in spring and autumn, the sea does not change;Regardless of the flood and drought, the sea is not affected at all. It holds more water than a river, and it is simply impossible to measure. In this regard, I have never felt complacent, I think that I entrust my body to heaven and earth, and I am like a small stone and a small branch placed on Mount Tai between heaven and earth. I have the idea that I think I am small.,**Will also feel arrogant and complacent!Isn't measuring the weight of the four seas between heaven and earth like an ant's nest in Daze?Isn't measuring China's share in the four seas like a grain of millet in a big granary?There are thousands of names for things, and humans are just one of them. Humans live in Kyushu, and wherever food grows, where boats and cars pass, there are human beings, and individuals are only one of them. Isn't a man as insignificant as a man is to all things?For example, the succession of the five emperors, the competition between the three kings, the benevolence of the people worried about the safety of the world, and the work of the doers to govern the world, are as insignificant as the end of the day!Bo Yi resigned to the throne to gain fame, and Confucius lobbied everywhere to show his knowledge, and their complacency is not the same as your complacency about the river just now?”
He Bo said, "Then I regard heaven and earth as great and millimeters as small, is this okay?"Beihairuo said, "No." The object is so varied in size that there is no end to it;The passage of time is also never-ending;The distinction between the rich and the poor, and so on, is fundamentally undetermined;Everything is fluid, there is no such thing as a beginning, and there is no such thing as an end. Therefore, people with great wisdom are able to observe the distance and proximity of things, so that the small ones do not think they are small, and the big ones do not think they are big, because they know the truth that things are infinite. Verify and perceive the infinite changes of the past and the present, so I am not depressed about the passing of the distant past, and I do not have hope for the future that is easy to find, because I understand the truth that the passage of time will never stop. Aware of the changes in the profits and losses of all things in nature, so we are not happy about what we have gained, and we are not sad and troubled about what we have lost, because we know that there is no definite truth about gains and losses. I understand that life and death are just a smooth road in the journey of life, so I am not particularly happy when I live, and I don't think it is a disaster when I die, because I understand that there is no fixed and unchanging truth in the end. Calculate what people know, and there are far less things than people don't know;Calculating the life of a man is far less than the time he would have been without lifeWanting to pursue the infinite development and change of the world with very little knowledge and a very short life can only lead to confusion and confusion. From this point of view, how do we know that it is enough to judge the smallest scale by using a millimeter, and how can we know that it is enough to exhaust the largest field with heaven and earth!”
"The world's commentators say, 'The smallest thing has no shape, and the greatest thing has no limit.'" Is this the real situation?'Beihai Ruo said: "If you look at big things from a small aspect, there is no end in sight."Looking at the small things from the big picture, it's hard to see the difference. The fine thing, this is the little thing of the small things;Something huge, it's a big thing of big things. Therefore, each thing is different in size but has its own suitability, which is an inevitable phenomenon of different situations. The so-called fine and coarse are both limited to tangible things;For something small and intangible, it is impossible to distinguish it by measuring the degree;For things that are too large to be ranged, there is no exhaustive measure in degrees. The things that can be talked about in words, that are the coarser of things;The things that can be realized but cannot be expressed in words are the subtle of things;What cannot be talked about in words and cannot be communicated in consciousness is something that cannot be described in terms of finesse and coarseness. Therefore, the act of a virtuous person does not do anything harmful to others, but he also does not approve of kindness and benevolence to othersDo not act and do things for the sake of profit, and do not despise domestic slaves;Do not compete with others for property, nor approve of giving property to others;In case of trouble, he does not rely on the strength of others, nor does he praise those who support themselves, nor do they have the idea of despising people;His actions are very different from those of the world, but he does not approve of perverse and depraved behaviorsWhoever does something, but follows the multitude, neither despises and flatters the flatterer;The world's ** generosity is not enough to exhort, and the shame of killing is not enough to be humiliated;The boundaries of knowing right and wrong cannot be determined, nor can the criteria for knowing size be defined. I have heard, 'Those who have attained the Tao do not exalt themselves to fame, those who are virtuous do not take it, and those who are virtuous do not keep themselves.' 'Keeping one's duty to the extreme. ”
He said, "If it is on the surface of an object, if it is on the inside of an object, how can we distinguish between the high and the low, how can we distinguish between the big and the small?"”
Beihai Ruo said: "Observing with the way of nature, there is no distinction between high and low in all things;From the point of view of all things themselves, they all think they are precious and inferior to each other;From the eyes of a worldly person, the judgment of the noble and the low is not something that can be controlled by oneself. If we look at the difference in the size of all things, and think that they are big from the perspective of the big picture, then there is nothing that is not big;If you think of it as small from a small point of view, then there is nothing that is not small. I know that something as huge as heaven and earth is just a grain of millet compared to something even bigger;Knowing that something as small as a millimeter is like a mountain compared to something even smaller;Then the quantitative difference between all things will be clearly seen. If we look at things from the point of view of function, and think that they have functions from the point of view of function, then everything has a function;If you think that it has no function from the point of view that it has no function, then everything has no function. Understand that the two directions of east and west are opposed to each other, and that they cannot be separated from each other, then the function and weight of things can be determined. From the point of view of people's orientation to things, according to what it is certain, then there is nothing uncertain in all things;If we deny it according to what it can negate, then there is nothing in all things that cannot be denied. Knowing that Yao and Ji are doing their own things and negating each other, then people's orientations and sentiments can be seen clearly. In the past, Yao and Shun were called emperors because of Chan Rang, and Yan Wang Xu and Yan Xiangzi were extinct because of Chan Rang;Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou became kings because of the battle, but Bai Gongsheng perished because of the dispute. From this point of view, the etiquette system of fighting and Zen concessions, the behavior of Tang Yao and Xia Wei, and their nobility and humility vary from time to time, and there is no certain routine. The size of the beam can be used to ram the city wall, but it cannot be used to block the rat hole, indicating that the equipment used is different;A good horse like the Qiji Hualu can gallop thousands of miles in a day, but it is far inferior to a wild cat and a weasel to catch rats, indicating that their skills are different;Owls are able to catch fleas at night and see what is going on, but when they come out during the day, they stare but can't see the mountains, indicating that their performance is different. People always say: Why do you follow what is right and discard what is wrong, and what is good and discard what is chaotic?This is a failure to understand the truth of the changes in things in heaven and earth, and the actual situation of the development of all things. This is like saying that we only learn from the Dharma and abandon the earth, and only imitate the Yin and abandon the Yang, and this argument is obviously unworkable!However, some people are still lobbying, and such people are either ignorant or deceiving people!The situation of the ancient emperors was different, and the succession of the three generations of the Xia and Shang dynasties was also different. Whoever is out of place, against the will of the people, is called a usurper;Whoever is in accordance with the time and obeys the will of the people, he is called a man of high righteousness. Silence, Uncle He, do you know the difference between high and low, the true meaning of size!”
Hebo said, "So what can I do and what can't I do?"How do I do a good job of resignation, acceptance, enterprising, and abandonment?Bei Hairuo said: "From the point of view of the Tao, what is expensive and what is cheap, it can be said that the noble and the cheap are transformed into each other;Don't hold your mind and cause it to deviate from the way. What is less and what is more, it can be said that how much is mutually transformative;Don't act stubbornly and prejudiciously, causing discord. As solemn and majestic as a king, he has no preference for anyone;Like the god of the land who is worshipped, he is as leisurely as he is, and he has no personal blessing for anyone;As vast as the infinite stretch of the earth, there is nothing to bound. Inclusive of all things, who is sheltered?It can be said that there is no bias. All things are the same, who is short and who is long?The Great Dao has no beginning or end, but all things have changes in life and death, and even if there is a temporary achievement, it is not enough to rely on. The avenue is changing in the void and the surplus, and there is no fixed form. The years of the past cannot be turned back, and the time that has passed cannot be saved. All things change over and over again in the midst of disappearance, rebirth, abundance, and loss. Only when we understand the above truths can we talk about the mystery of the Great Dao and the truth of the changes of all things. The growth of all things is like a horse-drawn cart galloping, and there is no movement that does not change, and there is no time that does not move. What can be done and what can't be done?Everything is changing on its own, and there is no need to do anything intentionally. ”
Hebo said, "Then why should you respect the Great Dao?"Beihai Ruo said: "Those who understand the Tao must understand the principle of all things, and those who understand the principle of all things must know how to adapt, and those who know how to adapt will not let foreign objects hurt themselves." A man of the highest cultivation cannot be scorched by fire, drowning by water, harmed by cold and heat, and attacked by beasts. This is not to say that he approaches them without being harmed, but that he can see the danger, be content with the good and the bad, and be cautious about what is going on and what is going on, so that nothing can hurt him. Therefore, it is said: 'Nature is in the heart, personnel is exposed in the body, and morality is in nature.' Only by understanding the laws of nature and human activities can we take nature as the foundation, be in the state of self-satisfaction, advance and retreat appropriately and bend and stretch properly, return to the pivot of the Tao and talk about the supreme principle of all things. He Bo said, "What is natural?"What is artificial?If Beihai said, "Like a cow and a horse with four legs, this is called natural."Like putting a halter on a horse and a reins on a cow's nose, this is artificial. That's why it is said: 'Don't use man-made things to damage nature, don't have the intention to destroy heavenly principles, don't die in the pursuit of fame and fortune, and be careful to keep these three sentences without making mistakes, this is called returning to the pure nature.' ’
Kui envy the worm, the worm envy the snake, the snake envy the wind, the wind envy the eyes, the eyes envy the mind. Kui said to the worm, "I can only walk on one foot, I am not as good as you." Now that you use so many feet to walk, how do you do it?He said, "No, I don't have the heart to walk on 10,000 feet." Haven't you seen that spit?It spews out, and the big ones are like beads, and the small ones are like water mist, mixed with and scattered, and they are innumerable. Now I'm like spit, just using my natural instincts, and I don't know why. The worm said to the serpent, "Why do I walk with many feet, but not as fast as you do without feet?"The serpent said, "I walk by natural faculties, how can I change it?"I'm going to use my feet!The serpent said to the wind, "I walked with my back and my flanks as if I were walking on my feet." Now you are rising from the North Sea with a 'whirl' and blowing into the South China Sea, and it looks as if there is nothingThe wind said, "Yes, I have risen from the North Sea and entered the South Sea with a 'whoosh,' and anyone who has pointed at me and kicked me with his foot can overcome me." Despite this, only I am the best at things like blowing trees and sweeping houses. Therefore, only by listening to the natural opportunities and not competing with the small ones can we achieve great victories. Only a saint can achieve a great victory.
Confucius traveled to the land of Wei Guo Kuang, and the Wei Guo people surrounded him for several weeks, but Confucius still stroked the qin and sang and did not stop. Zilu went into the house to meet Confucius and said, "Why is the gentleman so happy?"Confucius said, "Come here, I'll tell you." I've been trying to avoid a poor situation for a long time, but I still can't get rid of it, it's bad fate!I've been pursuing mastery for a long time, but I haven't been able to achieve it, which is bad luck!At that time, in the era of Yao and Shun, there were no embarrassed people in the world, not because of their wisdom;At that time, in the era of the Emperor and the Emperor, there were no people in the world who were well-versed and ambitious, not because of their low intelligence: this was all caused by the situation of the times. Walking in the water without avoiding the dragon is the courage of the fisherman;Walking on land without hiding from rhinos, tigers, this is the courage of a hunter;The sword is approaching the eyes and fearless, looking at death as if it were home, this is the bravery of a strong man;It is the courage of a saint to understand that embarrassment is the arrangement of fate, to know that access is determined by fortune, and to be fearless in the face of great calamities. Nakayu, you can stay in peace!My destiny has a limit!After a while, a man with troops came in and apologized, saying, "We thought you were a Yang Tiger, so we surrounded you." Now that I know I made a mistake, let me apologize and we'll retreat. ”
Gongsun Long asked Wei Mou: "When I was young, I learned the way of Xi ancestors, and when I grew up, I knew the behavior of benevolence, righteousness and morality, and put forward the propositions of 'the contract is different, and it is not true', which made the wise men of all families and factions feel confused, and made many eloquent people poor in reasoning, and I think that I have reached the most accessible state." Now that I have heard Zhuangzi's remarks, I feel at a loss and at a loss, and I wonder if I am not as talented as him in debatingOr is my intellect not catching up with him?Anyway, I can't open my mouth now, and I dare to ask the truth about this. Hearing this, Gongzi Mu leaned on a few cases and let out a long sigh, raised his head and smiled: "Haven't you heard the story of the frog in the shallow well?"It said to the turtle in the East China Sea, 'I'm so happy!'If you want to come out and play, you jump around on the well railing, and if you want to rest, you go back to the broken wall of the well. Jumping into the water, the water held my armpits and propped up my chin;When I step into the mud, the mud will flood my instep. Looking back at the babes, the crabs, and the tadpoles, there is nothing like me. And the happiness of having a pit of water alone and entrenching in a shallow well is also the greatest happiness. Sir, why don't you come and see it often?The turtle in the East China Sea had not yet reached into the well with its left foot, and its right knee had already tripped at the mouth of the well. So he carefully retreated to his place, and told the frog of the shallow well about the condition of the sea, saying, 'The sea is so vast and deep that it is a thousand miles away, and it is not enough to describe the greatness of the sea.'It is said that it is 8,000 feet high, which is not enough to measure the depth of the sea. In the Yu era, there were floods in nine out of ten years, but the sea water did not increase;During the Shang Tang era, there were droughts in seven out of eight years, but the sea water never decreased. It does not change depending on the length of time, and it does not increase or decrease due to the amount of rainfall, which is also the greatest joy of the East China Sea. So when the frog heard this, he panicked and lost something. Besides, if you don't have enough wisdom to understand right and wrong, and you still want to observe Zhuangzi's wise words, it's like letting a mosquito carry a mountain and a horse crossing a river, and it will definitely be incompetent. And your wisdom is not yet able to talk about subtle theories, and you are content with a momentary victory of your tongue, isn't this like a frog in a shallow well?Moreover, Zhuangzi's doctrine can descend the Yellow Spring and ascend to the sky, regardless of north and south, extending in all directions, and entering an unfathomable situation;Regardless of the division between things and things, the original chaotic state of heaven and earth is not divided, and it returns to the all-encompassing avenue. But you stubbornly use the eye of insight to ** it, and talk about it in an eloquent tone, which is simply peeping at the sky with a bamboo tube and measuring the earth with the tip of a cone, isn't it too small?Let's go!Haven't you heard the story of Shouling teenager going to Handan to toddle?Not only did he not learn Zhao Guo's footwork, but he even forgot the original footwork, so he had to crawl back. If you don't hurry up and walk away now, you'll forget about your old studies. Gongsun Long opened his mouth in a daze, his upturned tongue couldn't be put down, and he was in a trance, and quietly slipped away.
Zhuangzi fishes in Pushui. King Chu Wei sent two doctors to test Zhuangzi's mind first, saying, "The king is willing to entrust the affairs of the country to Mr. Zhuangzi didn't look back, still fishing with a fishing rod, and said, "I heard that there is a divine turtle in the Chu country, which has been dead for three thousand years. The king wrapped it in a silk scarf, placed it in a bamboo box, and treasured it in the temple. May I ask this turtle, would you rather die and leave a handful of bones to make people noble??Or would you rather live and crawl in the mud with your tail in tow?The two doctors said, "I'd rather live and crawl in the mud with my tail in tow." Zhuangzi said, "Let's go!"I'm also willing to drag my tail and crawl in the mud. ”
Huizi became the prime minister of the Liang state, and Zhuangzi went to visit him. Someone said to Huizi: "Zhuangzi came here to replace you as prime minister." So Keiko was very frightened, and searched for three days and three nights in the capital. Zhuangzi went to see Huizi and said, "There is a bird in the south called the Ori, do you know?".This bulbul takes off from the South China Sea and flies all the way to the North Sea, and it is not the plane tree that it does not inhabit, it is not the fruit of bamboo that it does not eat, and it is not the sweet spring water that it does not drink. At this moment an owl got a rotting mouse, just in time for the crane to fly over it. The owl raised his head and looked at the worm, lest he would lose the rotting rat, and shouted angrily, 'Frightened!''Now you want to use your Liang Kingdom to scold me, right?'”
