In order to promote the development and growth of the private economy and promote the high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises, a series of policy measures have been implemented since the beginning of this year. In terms of optimizing the development environment, strengthening financial support, reducing the cost of real enterprises, and increasing the clearing of arrears, we will focus on the concerns of enterprises, relieve the burden of enterprises, and boost their confidence in development. How to further improve the efficiency of policies and stimulate the development vitality of various business entities?Experts are invited to discuss related issues.
**Ma Xiaobai, researcher at the Enterprise Research Institute of the Development Research Center:
Promote the optimization of the business environment in a coordinated manner.
Economic reporter Han Bingzhi.
The business environment is productivity, and optimizing the business environment is to liberate productivity and enhance competitiveness. In July this year, the "Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy" was issued, which deployed key tasks for continuously optimizing the environment for the development of the private economy and promoting the development and growth of the private economy. In addition to national-level policies, various regions have recently intensively introduced a package of measures to optimize the business environment and guide market expectations.
In recent years, China's business environment has been continuously optimized, and the ease of doing business has been greatly improved. Ma Xiaobai, a researcher at the Enterprise Research Institute of the Development Research Center, said that all levels attach great importance to optimizing the business environment, establish and improve institutional rules around the business environment, improve institutional settings, and build digital platforms, so as to accelerate the shift from individual advances in various fields to the overall coordinated advancement of the system.
For example, the "Implementation Plan for Comprehensively Optimizing the Business Environment of Beijing to Help Enterprises with High-quality Development" released this year is the sixth version of Beijing's reform plan to optimize the business environment, focusing on the reform of systems and mechanisms in areas such as fair competition, market access, property rights protection, and credit supervision, and deploys 237 reform tasks. The "Shanghai Action Plan for Strengthening Integrated Innovation and Continuously Optimizing the Business Environment" issued by Shanghai this year is also 6Version 0 promotes 195 tasks and measures from the aspects of deepening benchmarking reform in key areas, enhancing the competitiveness of the business environment, optimizing the service and supervision of the whole life cycle of enterprises, improving the satisfaction of business entities, supporting innovation and leadership in key regions, enhancing the influence of the business environment, strengthening coordination and cooperation, supervision and assessment, publicity and promotion, etc.
Breaking down a number of institutional and institutional obstacles restricting the development of enterprises, the business environment in key areas has been significantly improved, which has boosted the confidence of enterprises and stimulated market vitality. Ma Xiaobai said that deepening the reform of the commercial system, promoting the establishment of a comprehensive window, the implementation of the "one network", merger of approvals, cancellation of fees and other reforms, the government service environment is more intelligent and convenient;Accelerate the completion of the revision and repeal of laws and policy documents that are inconsistent with the requirements of the "Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment", continue to improve the system of laws and policies to optimize the business environment, and make the market environment more open and transparent, and the legal environment more fair and just;The introduction of investment-related regulations has made the investment environment more convenient.
The improvement of the business environment has achieved remarkable results, effectively attracting the agglomeration of production factor resources. "Short-term projects, medium-term policies, long-term environment", the business environment represents a place's soft power and competitiveness. To a large extent, the market economy is an expected economy, and it is also a "migratory bird economy". According to data from the Ministry of Commerce, the actual use of foreign capital in China's manufacturing industry in the first three quarters of this year was 2,624100 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24%, of which the actual use of foreign investment in high-tech manufacturing increased by 12 percent year-on-year8%, the actual use of foreign investment in medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing increased year-on-year respectively5%。
China's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development, and creating a first-class business environment is an important foundation for achieving high-quality development. Ma Xiaobai suggested that it is necessary to boost the confidence of entrepreneurs, enhance the expectations of private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, and further stimulate the vitality of economic development. "At present, the macro economy is facing downward pressure, and we should take boosting the confidence of entrepreneurs as an important task to optimize the business environment, continue to deepen reforms, create a fair, transparent and predictable policy environment for enterprises, promote enterprises to expand production, and stimulate foreign investment in China. ”
It is necessary to take the fulfillment of commitments as the foothold, implement various policy measures, and effectively solve the outstanding problems of enterprise feedback. Ma Xiaobai said that the continuous optimization of the business environment requires action, not just commitment. Only by firmly fulfilling the promise and focusing on solving the problems that entrepreneurs are concerned about, such as fair competition, account arrears, and fair supervision, will investment confidence be significantly improved. It is necessary to implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and implement the relevant opinions and measures to promote the development and growth of the private economy and increase the efforts to attract foreign investment.
In addition, it is necessary to adhere to the rule of law as the support, improve the formulation of enterprise-related policies, and continue to improve stability and transparency. Entrepreneurs reflect that there are still some uncertainties in the current policy, and enterprises are more cautious in their investment decisions. For example, Ma Xiaobai said that some policies are adjusted frequently, which directly affects the profit and loss of enterprise investment, some policies are not transparent enough, and some policies lack implementation rules, and enterprises dare not invest rashly. In addition, there is still a "one-size-fits-all" situation in environmental protection, safety inspection, carbon emission management, etc. It is recommended that when formulating policies involving the production and operation activities of enterprises, the suggestions of business entities, industry associations and chambers of commerce should be fully listened to, and opinions should be solicited from the public, and the adoption of opinions and suggestions should be given timely feedback, and explanations should be made. When the policy is introduced, the necessary advance amount, transition period or buffer period should be reserved. When implementing the policy, the executive department and personnel should fully understand the original intention of the policy design, and combine it with the actual situation of the enterprise to make the policy better implemented and effective.
Ma Xiaobai said that it is necessary to adhere to the principle of fair competition, break down hidden barriers in access and bidding, and create a fair competition market environment. Continue to reduce direct intervention in the market, so that resources can be allocated more through market-oriented means. **Departments, institutions and state-owned enterprises reasonably set bidding qualifications and qualification requirements, comprehensively remove all kinds of hidden barriers, optimize bidding procedures, and achieve transparent rules and information disclosure.
Zhu Yu, full-time vice president of China Association of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises:
Earnestly solve the problem of arrears in the accounts of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Economic ** reporter Li Pengda.
Since the beginning of this year, the relevant departments have introduced a number of policies to solve the problem of arrears of small and medium-sized enterprises. Zhu Yu, full-time vice president of the China Association of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, analyzed that the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments previously issued the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Key Work of Cost Reduction in 2023" to increase the clearance of arrears of small and medium-sized enterprisesThe "Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") issued in July this year proposed to improve the normalized prevention and clean-up mechanism for arrears;In order to fully implement the "Opinions", the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments issued the "Notice on the Implementation of Several Recent Measures to Promote the Development of the Private Economy", requiring to increase the clean-up of arrears to private enterprises, focusing on clearing up the arrears of organs, institutions and state-owned enterprises.
The "Notice on Strengthening the Implementation of Fiscal and Tax Support Policies and Promoting the High-quality Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" issued by the Ministry of Finance proposes that project construction funds should be allocated in accordance with the project schedule and budget arrangements to ensure that the project units pay the accounts of small and medium-sized enterprises in a timely manner. Implement the measures for the settlement of construction project prices, increase the minimum payment ratio of construction project progress payments from 60% to 80% for organs, institutions and state-owned enterprises, and encourage qualified projects to implement construction process settlement. In September, the executive meeting deliberated and passed the "Special Action Plan for Clearing Arrears of Enterprise Accounts", and the meeting pointed out that solving the problem of enterprise account arrears is related to the production and operation of enterprises and investment expectations, and is related to the continuous recovery of the economy, and must be attached great importance to it.
At present, the accounts receivable of small and medium-sized enterprises are growing rapidly and the account period is extended. Mutual arrears between enterprises are the main cause of liquidity constraints. Zhu Yu said that data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed that at the end of October, the accounts receivable of industrial enterprises above designated size in China were 2421 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 84%。
In view of how to further promote the clearing of arrears of small and medium-sized enterprises, Zhu Yu suggested that it is necessary to conscientiously implement the relevant national policies and regulations, earnestly implement the main responsibility of relevant departments for supervision and inspection, and give full play to the role of the law in punishing and restraining delinquent behavior. Improve the legal liability system for acts such as deliberately delaying acceptance and defaulting on the accounts of small and medium-sized enterprises without reason, and increase the force of joint disciplinary action against acts of abusing a dominant market position to occupy overdue accounts and maliciously defaulting on the accounts of small and medium-sized enterprises. Establish a long-term governance mechanism with a focus on improving the system, including resolving the problem of arrears of large enterprises under the framework of the anti-monopoly law system, using the power of anti-monopoly institutions to strengthen law enforcement, and further strengthening the implementation of relevant policies and regulations.
In addition, the main responsibilities should be clarified and active investigations should be carried out. To do a good job in the payment of accounts of small and medium-sized enterprises and other related work, all levels need to clarify the main responsibilities of all parties and strictly implement them to specific actions, regularly carry out active investigations on accounts receivable of small and medium-sized enterprises, and work with various departments to find out the actual situation of accounts receivable. More importantly, it is necessary to further develop the first chain of financial services to alleviate the financial pressure of small and medium-sized enterprises. We will continue to promote banks and other financial institutions to develop pledge financing businesses such as orders, inventories, and accounts receivable in accordance with laws and regulations, and increase financing support for upstream and downstream small and medium-sized enterprises by strengthening cooperation with core enterprises on the first chain. Encourage government agencies, public institutions and large enterprises and other accounts receivable payers to confirm the creditor's rights and debts in a timely manner after small and medium-sized enterprises submit a request for account confirmation, and promote large enterprises to cooperate with financial institutions to carry out first-chain financing, and help the development of relevant upstream and downstream small and medium-sized enterprises.
Li Zhiqi, Chairman of the Beijing Political and Private Economic Development Research Center:
Support policies to open up the last mile.
Economic ** reporter Zeng Shiyang.
Since the issuance of the "Opinions of the Communist Party of China on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") in July this year, all relevant departments and regions have further launched specific measures to relieve the burden on private enterprises from financing, investment, taxation, rule of law and other aspects.
At present, the policies that have been introduced show a distinct '1+N' characteristic, the "Opinions" belong to the top-level design of the private economy in the new era, and the relevant departments have refined the policies in various fields according to the division of responsibilities, and played a set of policy 'combination punches' from top to bottom. Li Zhiqi, chairman of the revitalization international think tank and chairman of the Beijing Political and Private Economic Development Research Center, said.
According to the data, as of the end of September 2023, private enterprises accounted for more than 92% of the total number of enterprises in China. Li Zhiqi said that from the perspective of front-line research, the current private enterprises are mainly facing problems such as increasing market competition pressure, financing difficulties, rising operating costs, and increasing difficulties in transformation and upgrading. The intensive introduction of policies to help enterprises in the second half of the year is not only a practical need to alleviate the burden of enterprises and stabilize market confidence, but also conducive to improving the competitiveness and innovation ability of private enterprises, promoting structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading, and achieving high-quality development.
Specifically, from the perspective of comprehensiveness, the policies that have been introduced have formed a support system covering various fields, not only focusing on the operation of private enterprises, but also involving the introduction of talents, scientific and technological innovation, etc.;From the point of view of operability, it not only puts forward the direction and principles of supporting the development of the private economy, but also introduces specific measures and methods, which are easier to operate and implementFrom the perspective of pertinence and innovation, the policy pays more attention to practical results, for example, a variety of solutions have been proposed to solve the problem of difficult and expensive financing, including encouraging financial institutions to innovate credit products and increasing guarantees for private enterprises.
The establishment of the Private Economic Development Bureau and the continuous improvement of the normalized communication mechanism will also help solve the problems of stability, continuity and consistency of private economic policies. Li Zhiqi believes that through normalized communication, on the one hand, we can understand the actual needs and problems of private enterprises in a timely manner, so as to formulate and adjust policies in a targeted manner;On the other hand, it can eliminate the doubts of private enterprises in a timely manner and help enterprises better understand the policy. "This will help to enhance mutual trust between ** and private enterprises, and promote better implementation of policies. ”
It is worth noting that some entrepreneurs have reported that many policies have not yet opened up the "last mile". There are also entrepreneurs who say that they can't understand the policy and don't have a strong sense of gain. Li Zhiqi said that there are obstacles in the implementation of some policies, for example, although a series of policies have been introduced to ease market access, there are still barriers to practical operation;There is still a gap between the support of some policies and the actual needs of enterprises.
In order to further improve the effectiveness of the policy, Li Zhiqi suggested that first, the policy design should be continuously optimized according to the actual needs of private enterprises, and a feedback mechanism could be established to collect and sort out the opinions and suggestions of enterprises, so as to further enhance the practicability and operability of the policy. Secondly, strengthen training for grassroots departments and specific policy implementers, promote the implementation and implementation of policies, and strengthen policy publicity for private enterprises, so that they can fully understand the specific content of policies and application processes, so as to enjoy policy preferences in a timely manner. Third, establish a monitoring mechanism for policy implementation, find and correct problems in policy implementation, and ensure that policies are scientific, systematic and accurate.
For local governments, it is necessary to establish a service concept, enhance the pertinence of local policies, formulate a detailed timetable and roadmap to effectively solve the difficulties of private enterprises and meet specific needs. Further simplify the process, improve efficiency, and provide more convenient services in terms of land, administrative approval, and tax incentives. Prevent discriminatory policies or artificially created market barriers and provide a more level playing field. Through financial support, tax incentives and other measures, we will increase support for private enterprises in local advantageous industrial clusters in terms of scientific and technological innovation, talent training, and market development.
In recent years, a series of tax and fee reduction policies have been welcomed by private enterprises. "Preferential tax policies are one of the important means to promote the development of private enterprises, and it is necessary to further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of preferential tax policies to better relieve the burden on private enterprises. Li Zhiqi said.
Liang Si, a researcher at the Bank of China Research Institute:
Optimize the supply of funds to facilitate the financing of enterprises.
Economic ** reporter Wang Baohui.
Since the beginning of this year, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration of Financial Supervision and other departments have issued a number of relevant policies and measures to facilitate the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, actively guiding and promoting more allocation of credit resources to small and medium-sized enterprises and other fields, helping enterprises to rescue and promote development.
Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises play a pivotal role in promoting employment, improving people's livelihood and promoting scientific and technological innovation, and are an important force in building a modern industrial system and promoting high-quality economic development in China. According to the data, by the end of 2022, the number of small, medium and micro enterprises in China exceeded 52 million, and the operating income of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises above designated size exceeded 80 trillion yuan.
Liang Si, a researcher at the Bank of China Research Institute, said that in terms of the number of subjects and their contribution to economic development, small, medium and micro enterprises have become an important part of China's economy. Promoting the high-quality development of small, medium and micro enterprises is not only related to the continuous improvement of China's economic competitiveness, but also the key to the high-quality and sustainable development of China's economy.
* The Financial Work Conference proposed to optimize the structure of capital supply and devote more financial resources to promoting scientific and technological innovation, advanced manufacturing, green development and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, financial institutions are vigorously developing inclusive finance, which has effectively alleviated the problem of difficult and expensive financing for small, medium and micro enterprises. According to the data, at the end of June 2023, the balance of inclusive small and micro loans was 277 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 26%, and the balance of loans for specialized, special and new small and medium-sized enterprises increased by 20% year-on-year4%, and the number of inclusive small and micro credit households was 59.35 million, a year-on-year increase of 133%。
Liang Si said that in recent years, the financial industry has continued to explore products and services that are closer to the needs of small, medium and micro enterprises from various aspects to help them develop. On the whole, under the multiple efforts of policy guidance and financial institutions, on the one hand, the financing of private enterprises has achieved "volume increase, area expansion, and price reduction";On the other hand, the financing channels of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises have become more diversified, especially driven by the comprehensive registration-based reform, and the support of the capital market has continued to increase. According to statistics, as of the end of June 2023, more than 1,600 specialized, special and new small and medium-sized enterprises have been listed on the A-share market, accounting for about 30% of the number of A-share listed companiesAmong the newly listed companies this year, about 60% are specialized, special and new small and medium-sized enterprises.
Financial institutions have made important achievements in serving the development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, but there are still some issues that need attention. For example, there is path dependence in the development of related financial services, and the mechanism of "daring to lend, willing to lend, and willing to lend" needs to be improved. Liang Si said that through digital transformation, financial institutions have actively explored in serving micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, but the service model is still affected by traditional thinking, and credit is mainly based on mortgage loans, and the evaluation of the development potential, technical capabilities, and intellectual property rights of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises is insufficientThere are also shortcomings in the construction of financial information databases, such as inconsistent data standards.
First, problems such as data dispersion make it difficult for financial institutions to accurately profile customersThe rapid growth of inclusive financial loans has challenged the corresponding risk control and management mechanisms of financial institutions, and the pressure on subsequent asset quality management has increased.
At present, many small, medium and micro enterprises are still in the recovery period of development, and the foundation for stabilization and recovery is not yet solid. The financial industry should continue to increase support to promote the stable and positive operation of small, medium and micro enterprises. Liang Si said that financial regulators and financial institutions also need to focus on the following aspects to continue to make efforts, further improve financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote more financial resources to invest in the real economy and important areas.
First, we need to create a multi-level and differentiated funding mechanism to better meet the financing needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. Large financial institutions should continue to rely on the advantages of capital, digital technology and existing customer bases, and increase innovation in inclusive financial products and services to meet the "short, small, frequent and urgent" capital needs of small, medium and micro enterprises. In addition, it is necessary to continue to improve and implement internal mechanisms such as assessment incentives and resource tilt to enhance the enthusiasm of employees in the inclusive business line. Small and medium-sized banks need to adhere to the local positioning, focus on supporting agriculture and small enterprises, improve professional operation mechanisms, and improve service methods.
Second, accelerate the empowerment of science and technology and continue to optimize the business model. Information asymmetry is the key crux of the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. In recent years, the development of fintech has effectively helped financial institutions simplify transactions, reduce service costs, and open up ways to reach customers. Financial institutions should continue to accelerate the application of financial technology, create a differentiated positioning, online customer acquisition business development model, and better meet the financing needs of specialized, special and new small and medium-sized enterprises. For small and micro enterprises with weak collateral ability, we can actively innovate business scenarios, build an ecosystem that is more suitable for the business characteristics of enterprises, improve the directness and convenience of business, and improve the financing experience of small and micro enterprises.
Third, accelerate the promotion of data collection and integration to empower business development. Financial institutions need to continuously improve their data governance capabilities, actively promote the unification of data standards, and effectively integrate various data resources. At the same time, strengthen the linkage of multiple entities, actively promote data sharing, and establish a more complete data exchange mechanism to facilitate accurate portraits of small, medium and micro enterprises.
Fourth, improve the risk management mechanism to ensure the stability of asset quality. Financial institutions need to establish a risk approval mechanism that is more in line with the operating characteristics of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, and build an integrated risk control system including pre-loan, loan, post-loan and collection. In addition, while maintaining a reasonable growth rate of inclusive credit, we will continue to improve the predictability, forward-looking and proactive nature of risk prevention and control, strengthen asset classification, replenish capital and increase provisioning, so as to effectively do a good job in risk prevention and control.