In areas not close to the water sources of the main backbone rivers, in the early days of human migration, the drinking water sources of farmers were surface water, beach water, pond water, natural ditches, harbors, and other surface runoff rainwater according to the natural ecological environment conditions, forming a drinking water source system. Different regions and different living ecological environments are different, and the water sources used in the same community in different seasons and disasters are unstable, and in the historical evolution of thousands of years, a diverse drinking water source culture has emerged, and history has left a pluralistic model characterized by adaptability, selectivity, exploration, popularity, and commodity trading.
1. River water, rainwater, and pond water are the drinking water source models
In the era or region when there was no external diversion of river water sources, in the historical evolution of thousands of years, some places collected snow and stored water for drinking water in winter;In some places, when there is a shortage of fresh water in the dry season and dry year, dig deep ponds to take brackish water from the ground for drinking;In some places and some areas, when the drought is drought, there is a shortage of drinking water for people and livestock, and the drought has rainfall, and each household places a tank, bucket, basin, altar and other utensils at the eaves to collect rainwater for drinking waterIn some places, after the snow falls in winter and spring, the snow slowly melts away under the sun's rays, and there are strings of translucent popsicles hanging under the eaves, because the popsicles melt and fall to make the sound of bells, children call such popsicles "frozen bells", often children hold bamboo poles to knock on the frozen bells under the eaves, and some hold the frozen bells even if the small hands are frozen red and swollen and still put them in their mouths to lick the light taste of the rainwater, and shout: "It's so sweet"!
After the tsunami in 1939, there was a shortage of water and food in the disaster area, and people drank the half-light and half-brackish water in the "ox's foot pit", and there was no way to talk about hygiene.
2. The origin and exploration mode of soil and water wells
According to legend, in the first year of Xiping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (172 years), Sun Quan's father Sun Jian served as the county of Yandu, in front of the house (in the 1990s in the campus of Yancheng Middle School) dug a well, the water was sweet, Sun Jian's father used the well water to water vegetables and plant melons, benefiting the neighbors, and later named "melon well", there is the legend of "melon well fairy", indicating that in the past two thousand years, the ancestors began to drink shallow groundwater. Qing Jiaqing's "Dongtai County Chronicles" contains: "Han has 'silk reeling well', 'golden hairpin well', Tang has 'dry stone well', Song has 'Tongsheng well', and Ming has 'spiritual well'", which also shows that the town has long begun to explore the use of shallow groundwaterIn rural areas where there is a lack of fresh water, for a long time, they mainly rely on earthen wells (ponds) to store rainwater and infiltrate water for daily drinking.
3. Origin patterns of drinking deep groundwater
* In the 14th year (1925), Zhang Duchen, a businessman from Dongkan, hired Tu Genfa, a well-sinking master from Shandong, to dig a well, with a depth of 89 meters and an inner diameter of 13 cm steel pipe, and to draw confined water from deep underground.
The survival and psychological needs of the farming ancestors could not be satisfied, and some elderly people expressed when chatting with them in winter: "We people here can eat sweet water like Hongze Lake all year round, and we will close our eyes after death", expressing the urgent mentality of drinking fresh water.
Fourth, the history of exploration and change after the 50s of the 20th century
In the early 1950s, people started to explore the process of transforming drinking water. The sinking team of East China Agriculture and Water Bureau drilled 1 well with a diameter of 6 inches and a depth of 445 feet in Fangqiang Township, Dafeng. In the 1950s, two wells were drilled in the Xiangshui area, where the soil and the ocean were combined.
In 1964, the Provincial Party Committee's "Transformation Model Working Group" carried out a pilot project in the Canal Commune of Xiangshui County, and in order to solve the drought-resistant water source of the Bund Highland, more than 90 shallow wells (half-brick wells "monkey wearing hats") were drilled along the three sets of the abandoned Yellow River, Xinfeng, and two sets, with a depth of 5 20 meters, and were scrapped after 3 5 years. In 1964, the garrison dug a deep well in Xiangshuikou.
In 1966, shallow wells were drilled in 13 communes along the high-pitched area of the abandoned Yellow River. In 1966, the Chenjiagang garrison drilled a deep well. With the rise of handicraft business, there are more brick wells in rural market towns, there are 108 wells in Caoyan, and the brick wells in Dongkan, Batan and other places are small and large in the shape of an altar, with a diameter of 05～0.8 meters, belly diameter 16～2.0 meters, during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Yihong, the owner of the Jingguang tea shop in Batan, made a brick well that was still in use in the 1990s. Most of the drinking water in the above wells and ponds is surface stagnant water due to rainfall and shallow diving.
5. The practice path of the deep groundwater model
In 1970, 650 shallow wells were dug along the waste Yellow RiverDafeng County drilled more than 20 shallow wells in the southern Sichuan Highlands.
In 1971, 10 agricultural drinking water wells with a depth of about 150 meters were dug into the three counties of Xiang, Binhai and Fu.
1973 In 1978, a well-drilling team was established in the north and south counties of Yancheng area, and in 1977, a well-drilling team was established in the water conservancy engineering team of Xiangshui County.
1973 In 1977, 45 wells were drilled in the reclamation area east of the Huanghai Highway in Dongtai, including 37 drinking and irrigation wells.
In 1978, the "No. 2 disease" was discovered in Yancheng City, and the goal of drilling wells was shifted to solving the problem of drinking water for people and animals.
In the three years from 1978 to 1980, the state subsidized more than 3.8 million yuan, and the local government raised more than 900,000 yuan to drill 340 deep wells.
After 1988, with the diversion of water from the river for irrigation, the water level of the shallow underground layer rose, and the water quality of the shallow underground brackish layer gradually became lighter. History has left a diverse footprint of cultural change in surface water and drinking water.
In 2008, 343 deep wells were drilled in Xiangshui County, including 306 wells for drinking water and agriculture, and 37 wells for industry. About 340,000 people drink deep groundwater.
6. The origin of surface water plants and the rise of contemporary modelsSeptember 2001The construction of surface water plants in Xiangshui County has led to the rise of specialized production, factory operation and market-oriented operation of drinking water, and the exchange of drinking water resources into the market.