Many people will have a question when they come into contact with near-body poetryThat's how to distinguish tones
The reason for this doubt is that we all know that there is no sound in modern Mandarin, and the sound of the Middle Ages is integrated into the four tones of modern Chinese.
Now I will show you a table to understand the relationship.
What do you see in this **?
First of all, the medieval Pingsheng characters were divided into Yin Ping and Yang Ping in Mandarin.
Then, the medieval Shangsheng characters are generally still Shangsheng characters in Mandarin, and only the voiced initials of Shangsheng characters become devoiced in Mandarin.
In short,In ancient times, it belonged to the sound of the voice, and in modern Chinese it is still the sound of the voiceJust keep that in mind.
Finally, the point is that this is our difficulty, and it is also the knowledge point that we want to know the most.
The sound of the Middle Ages has disappeared in Mandarin, and the words that originally belonged to the sound have been divided into Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng and Desheng in modern Mandarin. As shown in Fig.
Now the problem to be solved is:How to judge whether a character was flat or 仄 in the Middle Ages from the pronunciation of modern Mandarin Chinese。Extrapolating from the above conclusions, the following two rules can be summarized, namely:
1) In Mandarin, most of the characters that read Yin Ping and Yang Ping belong to the Middle AgesNotice most of these two words.
However, some of them are also changed from the phonetic characters of the Middle Ages, and we must pay attention to distinguishing them when creating poems. Such as.
The big vernacular is to say,Not all those who read one or two tones are flatIt is because the phonetic characters of the Middle Ages are integrated into the four tones in modern Chinese.
2) In Mandarin, the words that are pronounced and devoiced are all in ancient times. There is no difficulty in this.
The difficulty lies in the fact that the current reading of Pingsheng (including Yinping and Yangping) should be distinguished, and the characters belonging to the Middle Ages should be distinguished?
There are two ways to do this. From the books I saw, it was introduced like this.
The first is to use the following auxiliary laws to judge:
a.All vowels are nasal endings (i.e., with a prenasal n, such as the word "but";Post-nasal ng, such as the word "steel") are not phonetic words.
b.All syllables that are pronounced as the consonants of the tongue roll (i.e., zh, ch, sh, r) and the finals uo are all phonetic words, such as "zhuo", "poke", "shuo", "if", etc.
c.All the syllable words formed by the combination of the seven initials of d, t, z, c, s, n, and l with the finals e are all phonetic words, such as "de", "special", "仄", "ce", "se", "ne" (the ancient sound mud mother has no rhyme, now read nè, few homophones), le" and so on.
d.Except for "嗟 (sound pouting), boots, lame", all the finals are ue (its actual pronunciation is üe, according to the spelling rules is written as ue) are all phonetic words, such as "abuse", "slightly", "horn", "magpie", "cut", "month" and so on.
e.The initials are b, d, g, z, zh, j, and the words that are pronounced as yang ping in Mandarin are all phonetic words, such as "white", "poison", "leather", "clan", "house", "ji", etc.
Note that the above rule does not include all Middle Voiced characters.
And that's where it comes toThat is to use some southern dialects to memorize phonetic characters
For example, the dialects of Guangzhou, Bobai, Guangxi, Wujiang, Jiangsu, Suzhou, Fuzhou, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Nanjing, Nanchang, Changsha and other places. Of course, they retain the pronunciation of this special category of Middle Phonetic characters in different ways:As far as Cantonese is concerned, the pronunciation characteristics of the intonation at the end of the rhyme are still maintained, that is, the pronunciation is short, which is a promotion, such as the pronunciation of "answer", "eight" and "hundred" in Cantonese dialect.
The "entering" and "law" in the above picture were all sound words in the Middle Ages.
That is to say,The sound at the end of the end does not really make a sound.
The plosive is pronounced by blocking the throat for a while, and then the air blast is produced.
This corresponds to the table below.
Of course, if you are willing to memorize these commonly used phonetic words, it is not difficult, after all, it is less than 200 words.
Another thing to mention, as I said in the previous essay,If you pronounce Mandarin three or four times, it must be the tone of the Middle Ages, which is roughly true;But if you encounter some polyphonic words, not necessarily, such asThe word "win", pronouncing a sound belongs to a flat sound。There is also the word "look", and the first sound of reading is also flat.
All in all, the two methods complement each other, and if you learn the local dialect well, you can ignore the first one and just use the second.
Of course, in the second method above, I only introduced Cantonese, because I know a little bit about the other dialects, and I don't know anything about the other dialects.
As for whether there are other ways to identify the voice, there must be, rote memorization.
Didn't you mention the "List of Commonly Used Voiced Words" above?
Citations. 