What is the medicinal value of Banxia?
Banxia is Pinellia ternata (Thunb., a plant of the Araceae familyBreit's dry tubers, pungent taste, warm, toxic, return to the spleen, stomach, lung meridians, with the effect of dampness and phlegm, reduce inversion and stop vomiting, eliminate phlegm and dissipate knots, mostly used for wet phlegm cold drink, vomiting, nausea, cough and wheezing phlegm, chest and diaphragm fullness, phlegm syncope, headache, dizziness and sleeplessness, external carbuncle swelling and other symptoms.
How to choose and prepare the land for planting in the middle of summer?
Semi-summer tubers generally germinate and grow at 8 10 and begin to emerge at 13 . As the temperature increases, the emergence of seedlings accelerates, and bead buds appear. 15 26 is the most suitable for growth, above 30 grows slowly, when more than 35 and lack of water, seedlings begin to fall, and after autumn, below 13 appear dead leaves.
In mid-summer, it is advisable to choose sandy loam or loam land with moist and fertile, strong water retention and fertility retention, loose texture, good drainage and irrigation, and you can also choose gentle slope mountains with half shade and half yang. It is advisable to select leguminous crops in the early stubble, and can be interplanted with corn, rapeseed, wheat and fruit trees.
After the land is selected, the land is turned deep about 20cm in 10 November. Combined with land preparation, 5000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100kg of cake fertilizer and 60kg of superphosphate were applied per mu, and turned into the soil as base fertilizer. In the south, where there is more rain, it should be made wide 12~1.5m, 30cm high furrow, furrow width 40cm, length should not exceed 20m, in order to facilitate irrigation and drainage. After shallow cultivation in the north, it can be made into a width of 08~1.The width and height of the 2m flat furrow are 30cm and 15cm, respectively. The ridge should be leveled steadily, so as to carry out spring sowing germination and seedling film mulching cultivation.
How to carry out semi-summer sowing pretreatment and sowing?
1) Pre-sowing treatment Before sowing, the sown tubers should be manually screened. Remove impurities from mildew, broken and inferior semi-summer stems or pearl buds. Before sowing, the tubers should be disinfected, soaked in 10 difenoconazole water emulsion 1000 times for 5 minutes, drained and sown.
2) Sowing date and sowing amount is the most suitable sowing period during the rain to sting, and the most suitable planting is when the ground temperature reaches 8 10 at a depth of 5cm. The suitable sowing amount is 100 140kg per mu, which can moderately increase the sowing amount in order to prevent weed breeding.
3) Seeding method: Seeding is divided into two types: sowing and on-demand. Spreading: On the prepared furrow, spread the selected seed stems evenly, with the bud eyes facing upward, and the density is about 5cm x 3cm. On-demand: According to the plant row spacing of 5cmx3cm, arrange the stems on the furrow surface, do not make a mistake, and point the second row to be in a straight line with the first row of stems.
What are the main ways of reproduction in Banxia?
The propagation method in the first half of the summer is mainly propagated by tubers and pearl buds, and seeds can also be used, but the seed production cycle is long, so it is generally not used.
1) tuber propagation from the end of February to the beginning of March, between the rain and the sting, when the ground temperature of 5cm reaches 8 10, the bud sheath of the germination stem can be planted when it is white. Open a horizontal ditch strip on the furrow surface of the whole fine rake. The row spacing is 12 15cm, the plant spacing is 5 10cm, the width of the ditch is 10cm, the depth is about 5cm, the bottom of the ditch should be flat, two rows are staggered in each ditch, and the buds are swung upwards into the ditch and covered with soil.
2) Pearl-bud propagation In summer and autumn, when the plant is inverted and the pearl buds are mature, the pearl buds can be harvested for strip sowing. Sow according to the row spacing of 10cm, the plant spacing of 3cm, and the depth of the furrow 3cm. After sowing, it is covered with fine soil and plant ash with a thickness of 2 3cm, and slightly compacted.
3) Seed propagation When the bud is yellowing and drooping, the seeds are harvested, the seeds harvested in summer can be sown with picking, and the seeds harvested in late autumn can be stored in the sand until sown in March of the following year. However, this method has a low seedling emergence rate and is generally not used in production.
How to carry out semi-summer field management?
1) Sprouts Sprouts begin to sprout in May in mid-summer, and the sprouts should be removed or cut off in time in addition to leaving the field for planting.
2) Cultivating and weeding Banxia belongs to shallow root plants, which should be properly densely planted, and try not to use hoes and other tools when weeding, and adopt manual weeding. Generally, 2 3 times, focusing on the seedling stage before the closure of the row, it is required to remove early, remove the small, do not hurt the roots, the depth does not exceed 5cm, and respectively in April, after the seedlings are full, from late May to early June, when the first generation of plant buds are formed, and when the second generation of plant buds are formed in late July, they are pulled out in time.
3) Top dressing, soil cultivation during the growth period of top dressing 2 3 times, the first time in mid to late April after the seedlings are full, 1000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;The second time when the pearl buds were formed in late May, 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied per mu, and the soil was cultivated to cover the fertilizer and pearl buds. After 30 days, look at the seedlings and then fertilize the soil;No top fertilization should be applied within 30 days before harvest. At the same time, biological agents and biological organic fertilizers are selected in a targeted manner.
4) Drainage and irrigation water in half summer likes humidity and is afraid of waterlogging. When the temperature is 20, the suitable humidity of the soil is 15% 20%;When it exceeds 20, especially when the high temperature reaches 30 and above, the suitable humidity of the soil is 20% 30%. The irrigation time should be low sunshine intensity and low water vapor evaporation, and irrigation operations can be carried out before 9 a.m. or after 3 p.m.
Prevention and control measures for common diseases in mid-summer
The main diseases in mid-summer are root rot, leaf spot gray mold, virus disease, etc., such diseases in vegetables, melons and fruits, and tea.
and other green production, damage control and disaster reduction, and the following measures are adopted.
1) Semisummer root rot.
Pathogens and symptoms: It belongs to the subphylum Hemicomycetes, Fusarium spp. Semisummer tuber rot is a fungal disease in which the affected tubers rot partially or completely. In the early stage of infection, irregular black spots appear on the surface of the tuber, and rapidly expand to the periphery, the spots become patches, and then infect the inside of the tuber from the outside to the inside, the root system begins to shrink, and the aboveground parts gradually turn yellow and wither. After a week, the tuber is full of black water and the whole plant dies. The germs will spread quickly to the surrounding area and give off a fishy smell. Banxia tuber rot disease is transmitted through soil or seed stems, and its damage symptoms are partial or total decay of tubers, with two manifestations: dry rot and wet rot. It can occur during both planting and storage.
With the growth of Banxia, the larger the tuber, the weaker the resistance, and the stronger the defense ability of the small tuber and bead buds. Underground varieties of different specifications of semi-summer tubers in the rapid growth period, such as rainy and humid weather, poor soil compaction permeability, etc., is conducive to disease impregnation, often make the semi-summer tubers rot in a short period of time, serious 3 5 days can be all rotten.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: select and remove diseased, insect or mechanically damaged stems when harvesting and retaining seeds. Crop rotation with grasses for about 5 years. Apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, formula and balanced fertilization, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and reasonably supplement micro-fertilizer;Vigorously promote biological fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer, etc., improve soil structure, improve fertilizer and water retention performance, promote roots, strengthen seedlings, and strengthen the body. During the growth process of mid-summer, it should be drained in time to avoid water accumulation and harvested in time. Choose disease-resistant, thriving varieties such as:"Narrow clover""Willow leaf shaped"Excellent varieties of equal leaf shape. Strengthen cultivating, break the compacted layer of soil, and sprinkle quicklime disinfection in an appropriate amount.
Biological control: active attack: It is estimated that before the onset of the disease, the roots will be irrigated with 1 billion live spores of Bacillus subtilis 500 times, and the irrigation will be sprinkled once every 7 days, and the irrigation will be more than 3 times. Spray planting furrow when tuber propagation: use R. solanacearum (Astragalus polysaccharides, chlorogenic acid 21%) 200 times liquid Diliwang biological agent (Bacillus subtilis jelly, lichen jelly-like Bacillus, giant jelly-like Bacillus, coagulated jelly-like Bacillus, lateral spora jelly-like Bacillus, jelly-like Bacillus jelly, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 5406 actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, Trichoderma viridis) 150 times liquid 800 times solution of Ulva aqueous solution sprayed planting furrow. After the emergence of seedlings, spray before the onset of the disease during the growth period: R. solanacearum (Astragalus polysaccharides, chlorogenic acid 21%)80ml + Diliwang biological inoculant (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megamegagenes, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus lateralis, 5406 actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, jelly-like bacillus, Trichoderma viridis) 50ml (or corresponding biological agents) 10ml of island water agent, evenly sprayed with 15kg of water, protective damage control, 1 time in about 7 days, 3 times in a row. It can also be used to irrigate the roots. Spray in time after the onset of the disease: R. solanacearum (Astragalus polysaccharides, chlorogenic acid 21%)80ml+80 garlic oil 15ml Wofengsu phytoactive glycopeptide 3%, chitosan 3%, amino acids, medium and trace elements 10% (zinc 6%, boron 4%, iron 3%, calcium 5%)] 25ml+ island water agent 15ml, evenly sprayed with water 15kg, **sexual harm control, about 7 days 1 time, spray 3 times in a row.
Scientific drug control: Before sowing, you can use 600 times of the plant resistance inducer island (5-amino-oligosaccharide) water agent + 10% difenoconazole water emulsion 1000 times solution to soak the seeds for 20 minutes before sowing. Spray the soil with 10% difenoconazole water emulsion 1000 times solution. At the beginning of the disease, 800 times of aqueous solution of aqueous solution of aqueous pigment (5% amino-oligosaccharide) or 6% 24 epirupine oligosaccharide 1000 times liquid + 10% difenoconazole aqueous emulsion 1000 times liquid, or 80 fully complexed code manganese duo wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 30% difenoconazole aqueous emulsion according to 1:1 compound 1000 times liquid irrigation roots, sprinkler irrigation once in about 7 days, depending on the condition to grasp the number of prevention and control, sprinkler irrigation about 2 times.
Refer to other medications and prevention methods"Platycodon root rot"。
2) Leaf spot gray mold.
Pathogens and symptoms: It belongs to the subphylum Semi-Knowitives, and the fungus of the genus Botrytis spp. Damage to the leaves, the leaves are water-stained and faded lesions when the disease is first infected, some are gray-white dots or strips, and then the lesions heal, expand to brown irregular large lesions, usually cause the leaves to be twisted, or cover the whole leaf to cause the leaves to die prematurely, and the gray mold pathogenic spores are formed when the moisture of the lesions on the back of the leaves is high. The pathogen overwinters with the diseased residue or in the soil, and begins to infect in early April of the following year, spreading through air currents and rainwater. The conditions suitable for the onset of the disease are the temperature of about 20 and the relative humidity of more than 90. Rainy and humid conditions are conducive to the onset and spread.
Prevention and control methods Agricultural prevention and control: the diseased fields are cleared in time to eliminate pathogens.
Biological control: It is expected to spray in time before or at the beginning of the onset of the disease, and evenly spray with Trichoderma (effective viable bacteria number 2x10cfu g) 600 times, or 10% polyantimycin wettable powder 2000 times, or Bacillus cereus 30 billion grams of wettable powder 2500 times.
Scientific drug prevention and control: timely spraying at the early stage of the disease, you can use 80% fully complexed mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times, or 50% Pythium wettable powder 1500 times, or 50 ethylene sclerotia wettable powder 1000 times, or 50 iprodione wettable powder 800 times, or 50 acetimidamine water-dispersible granules 1000 times, or 50 pyridoxidine water-dispersible granules 1000 times, 50 pythium wettable powder 1500 times, or 25% acetomycetamine emulsifiable concentrate Spray 2000 times evenly with liquid, once every 7 10 days depending on the condition, alternate the medication, generally about 3 times in a row. According to the instructions, the application of the latest high-efficiency and low-toxicity fungicide fluazoleamide can be demonstrated. Refer to other medications and methods"Peony gray mold"
3) Viral diseases.
Pathogens and symptoms: Banxia virus disease is mainly caused by the combined infection of cucumber mosaic virus, taro mosaic virus and soybean mosaic virus. It is also called leaf shrinkage disease and mosaic disease. Symptoms of harm include shrinking leaves, dwarfing of flowers and leaves, plants, and even the death of the whole plant. It is mainly transmitted through stinging and sucking mouthparts pests such as aphids and thrips, and the rubbing sap of poisonous stems and diseased plants.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: choose virus-free stems. Timely control of poison-spreading pests during the growing season. Detoxification is carried out by tissue culture to cultivate non-toxic seedlings. If the diseased plant is found, it should be pulled out immediately, burned in a centralized manner, and the diseased hole should be watered and disinfected with 5 lime milk, and attention should be paid to disinfection in the field to prevent the juice from spreading poison.
Scientific drug prevention and treatment: It is expected that the prevention and treatment should be taken before the onset of the disease, and 03% potassium phosphate monobasic solution 05 Anti-Poison No. 1 (Mushroom Proteoglycan) 300 times of water, 1000 times of 30% phosphine wettable powder, or 800 times of 2 pyripeptitrin, or 395% Virus Benz (adamante ethane, lentinan mushroom) wettable powder 600 times liquid and other uniform spray, depending on the condition, apply the drug once every 7 days, generally 3 times in a row. Refer to other medications and prevention methods"Shoot dry mosaic disease (viral disease)."。All kinds of antiviral agents are mixed with the plant inducer aqueous agent Shimalin (5-amino-oligosaccharide) or 6% 24 epirupine oligosaccharide aqueous agent 1000 times to increase the control effect, improve the safety and the ability of plants to resist stress and disease.
Common pest control methods in mid-summer
The main pests in mid-summer are red moths, thrips, jumping beetles, etc., and the following measures are mostly used in green production, pest control and disaster reduction of vegetables, melons and fruits, tea, etc.
Pest: Lepidoptera, moths. Adults are nocturnal and out, feathering is mostly in the morning, the tail is coped in the evening, eggs are laid from the next day, the eggs are hatched in the morning, the larvae are 5 instars, the small holes are bitten out after the 2nd instar, and the 3rd instar eats from the leaf edge into a gap, and the food amount of 4 and 5 instars is the largest, and when it is serious, the leaves can be eaten. After the larvae are mature, they will spin silk and roll their leaves or build a pupal chamber with soil particles, and after 2 to 5 days, they will molt and pupate, and overwinter in the pupa chamber under the soil surface, and emerge in late April of the following year. There are 5 generations of red moth in Hangzhou in 1 year, and the generations often overlap, and the larvae are concentrated in May and September.
1) Red moth.
Agricultural control: manual capture during larval occurrence combined with field weeding. Clean the countryside in a timely manner. Strengthen the cultivation of loose soil, destroy the overwintering pupae, and reduce the base number of insect sources.
Prevention and control methods. Physical control: Large-scale light traps adults before they lay eggs.
Biological control: Sexual attractants are used to trap males before mating. The egg hatching stage is selected or 036% matrine aqueous solution 800 times solution, or 11 nicotine emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid, or 25. Evenly spray 1500 times of spinomycin suspension agent. Depending on the insect situation, the number of control times is grasped, and it is generally sprayed once every 10 days.
Scientific prevention and control. Timely use of drugs in the young larval stage, preferentially use 5% fluoropidine urea emulsifiable concentrate or 25% larval urea suspension 2500 times, or 25% pyrethuron suspension 3000 times, or 5% lice mite urea emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times spray control, which can maximize the protection of natural enemy resources and media insects, other agents can be sprayed with 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension 1000 times, or 50% phoxanthion emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, depending on the insect situation, generally spray once every 7 days. Refer to other drug prevention and treatment methods"Spodoptera exigua"。
Control methods Agricultural control: remove weeds in the field to reduce the migration hazards of thrips. In early spring, remove weeds and dead branches and leaves in the field, and burn them intensively or bury them deep to eliminate overwintering adults and nymphs.
Physical control: Large-scale use of blue sticky plates to trap adults before egg-laying, especially to trap and kill overwintering adults, effectively reducing the annual insect source base.
Biological control: 036% matrine aqueous solution 800 times solution, or 11 nicotine emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times liquid, or 25. Evenly spray 1500 times of spinomycin suspension agent. Add a permeable agent and spray it in the evening to improve the killing effect.
Scientific drug prevention and control: In the early stage of thrips, especially in the overwintering generation, it is immediately controlled, and 5% lice mite urea emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times is preferred, or 10 pyridyl ether emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times, or 20% thiazinone wettable powder (emulsifiable concentrate) 1000 times, or 224% spiroethyl ester suspension 4000 times liquid and other spray control to maximize the protection of natural enemy resources and media insects. Other agents can be 50% phoxanthion emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times, or neonicotinoid preparations (10% dinotefuran soluble powder 2000 times, or 25% dinotefurin wettable powder 3000 times, etc.), or 925% dipropionatel dispersible liquid agent 15,000 times liquid alternate spray control, depending on the insect situation to grasp the number of medications, the interval is about 7 days, generally about 2 times in a row. Refer to other medications and prevention methods"Yam blind bug control"。
3) Jumping beetle is a harmful state: it belongs to Coleoptera, leaf beetle, and jumping beetle. Adults eat the leaves, and the larvae eat the roots. Affects plant growth. The occurrence of generations in one year varies from place to place, with 2 generations in Northeast China, 4 5 generations in North China, 4 6 generations in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and 7 and 8 generations in Guangzhou. Adults overwinter in stems, leaves, and weeds, and begin to move when the temperature is above 10 in the following spring. Adults lay eggs on the roots of plants under the soil or on soil particles near them, and the hatched larvae live in the soil to eat the epidermis of the roots and eat the human roots. After it is mature, it is pupated in the soil as a room.
Prevention and control methods. Agricultural control: timely removal of leaf litter in the field and eradication of weeds. Before sowing, the soil is deeply turned to create an environment that is not conducive to the development of larvae and to eliminate some pupae. Mulch is laid to prevent the adults from laying their eggs on the roots.
Physical control: Large-scale use of lights to trap adults before they lay eggs.
Biological control: the use of sexual attractants to trap males before mating. Other methods and techniques refer to thrips.
Scientific drug prevention and control: before sowing or before and after planting, the soil is treated with poisoned soil and drenching solution to poison and kill insect pupae in the soil. It can be prepared with 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension to spread the surface of the soil (medicine: fine soil 1:100), or to apply 1000 times of 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension, or 1000 times of 50% phoxanthion emulsifiable concentrate, etc. In the early stage of adult worms, spray with 50% phosphine emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times. Refer to other medications and prevention methods"Licorice leaf beetle"。
Harvest time and processing method of production area in mid-summer
Harvesting takes place from mid-to-late August to early September, with at least one week of sunny weather before harvesting. Otherwise, the soil is too wet, which will cause the mid-summer and the soil to stick too tightly and not easy to pick out, which will affect the harvest speed. The process of processing at the origin is as follows.
1) Place the excavated Banxia to carry it indoors or in a cool place, avoid exposure to the sun, and stack it or cover it in the basketThe place time should not be too long, otherwise the water dispersion loss is large, and the tuber is not easy to peel.
2) Screening The grading screen is used to classify and screen the Banxia, and the grading standard is divided into diameters greater than 20cm、1.0~2.0cm and less than 10cm three grades. Except that the diameter is less than 10cm can be kept as a seed, and the other 2 specifications are treated as commercial medicinal materials.
3) Peeling The graded Banxia is divided into sacks and woven bags, immersed in running water, and rubbed on the bag with rubber boots or rubbed with rubber gloves to peel for multiple times. Then pour out and rinse, remove the broken skin, the surface is not peeled, continue to put it in a bag and peel it in running water until the tuber has no epidermis and the particles are white. (4) Drying: There are two methods: drying and drying.
Drying: Spread the peeled semi-summer tubers on a mat, cement floor or other convenient place for collection, dry them, and constantly turn them over, and return them to the flat room at night to dry, so repeatedly dry until they are completely dry.
Drying: The drying temperature should not be too high, and it should be controlled at 35 60. It is necessary to turn over the fire frequently, and the combustion gas should be discharged with pipelines to avoid polluting the summer. Do not use rapid fire to dry, resulting in dry outside and wet inside, which will cause mildew and deterioration in half summer.