What about the remaining 10 million military and political personnel of the Kuomintang?**Big hand: wrap up
For thousands of years, China has had a change of dynasties and constant wars. At the time of prosperity, the people suffered greatly from tax servitude;When he declined, he became a slave to the country, humiliated and driven.
A scenario similar to the rise and fall of a state is one of confrontation between two armies, with the defeated often being captured by enemy forces and sometimes brutally killed.
However, during the Anti-Japanese War, our army had a clear rule that we should treat prisoners well. Even after the founding of the People's Republic of China, in the face of 10 million Kuomintang military and political personnel, ** also declared: wrap up, do not seek cruel treatment.
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party faced a complex situation of internal and external troubles. Despite the victory against Japan, the question of how to reasonably distribute the fruits of victory caused disagreement between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek, who had always been hostile to the Communist Party, was determined to eliminate the Communist Party and realize his ambition of dominating China.
However, Chiang Kai-shek also became well aware that the power of the Communists could no longer be underestimated, and he began to hatch a strategy of ostensibly seeking reconciliation. The symbol of this strategy is the famous "Chongqing negotiations", in the process, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to Yan'an to invite *** to Chongqing to discuss "various important international and domestic issues".
After several consultations within the party, taking into account the people's urgent desire to establish a state, ** urgently went to Chongqing with two deputies. On October 10, the two sides signed a meeting summary, known as the Double Ten Agreement. The Kuomintang expressed its approval of the principle of "peaceful nation-building."
At first, it was thought that with this agreement, there would be no civil war in the country, and the people would no longer have to endure the pain of war. However, everyone underestimated Chiang Kai-shek's ambitions. In fact, during the negotiations, ** sensed Chiang Kai-shek's intention to annex the Communists.
Our party has discovered that the Kuomintang is still secretly disseminating the "Handbook for Suppressing Bandits" and has the intention of **. But out of the principle of avoiding bloodshed, ** still decided to give the Kuomintang side a chance.
Having just signed the Double Ten Agreement, Chiang Kai-shek could not restrain his ambitions. He thought that this agreement would make the Communist Party careless, so while pretending to negotiate peace with our Party, he secretly mobilized 1.1 million troops to attack the liberated areas of North China in three directions, trying to control the key points in North China and occupy the northeast region.
After receiving the war report, our party quickly launched a counterattack and successfully thwarted the Kuomintang's conspiracy through the three battles of Handan, Pingsui, and Jinpu. Seeing that the situation was not good, Chiang Kai-shek began to make hypocritical overtures to our party again. He understood that it would not be beneficial for the Kuomintang to continue fighting, and the best thing to do was to pretend to stop the war.
Under the mediation of US Special Envoy Marshall, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party again signed an armistice agreement. The Chinese Communist Party stands on the one side of US imperialism and on the other side is the Kuomintang eager to devour China. Obviously, none of them will let go of this fertile Chinese land easily.
As expected, less than half a year after the armistice agreement was signed, the Kuomintang once again set off a wave of civil war. This time, our party has a clearer understanding of the essence of Chiang Kai-shek and no longer has any illusions about the peaceful establishment of the country with him.
The War of Liberation officially broke out, and it was sad that compatriots killed each other. Although we are full of hatred for the anti-Japanese army, we are heartbroken by the confrontation with our compatriots.
However, politicians who only look at the interests do not care whether they are fighting against their compatriots or not. Chiang Kai-shek was concerned about seizing the rule of China, and he did not care about the suffering of the people caused by the war, and his only pursuit was supreme power.
The civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party lasted for many years, from strategic defense to strategic ** and then to strategic decisive battle. Through the Liaoshen Campaign, the Huaihai Campaign, and the Pingjin Campaign, the Kuomintang suffered a great loss of vitality in the strategic decisive stage, and it was difficult to return to heaven.
Our party took advantage of the victory to pursue, and after the battle of crossing the river, it successively liberated Wuhan, Shanghai, Chongming Island and other places, and almost every month a place was liberated. By September 1949, the Kuomintang was left with only a small part of the southwestern territory.
On September 3, 1949, the Second Field Army and the Fourth Field Army of our army advanced to the southwest, and on the same day broke through the Kuomintang's Sichuan-Hubei-Hunan defense line, Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly fled Chongqing and went to Chengdu. At this point, his plan to annex all of China failed completely.
Chiang Kai-shek eventually left the mainland and retreated to Taiwan. However, not all KMT insiders followed his example. After the founding of New China, there were still 10 million Kuomintang military and political personnel on the mainland, and our party was faced with a major problem: How to deal with these people?
** It seems that he is not overly worried, and only briefly explained one sentence: tolerate them all, neither kill nor insult, and let them contribute to China's construction.
The tradition of treating prisoners well As early as the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Military Commission of ** and ** made clear regulations on front-line commanders, to treat prisoners of war preferentially, and not to insult and directly kill Japanese prisoners of war.
Our army also has the "Regulations on the Preferential Treatment of Japanese Prisoners." * It has been said that our enemies are Japanese imperialism and militarism, not the Japanese.
The regulations included allowances for Japanese prisoners of war, and even detailed provisions for daily necessities and food. For Japanese prisoners of war, we try to provide white flour and rice.
In the rear of the liberated areas, although the life of Japanese prisoners of war was relatively peaceful, they were destined to not enjoy a luxurious life during the turbulent years. Our party soldiers eat coarse grains, and a nest head with a little wild vegetables is a meal. However, we always insisted on giving the captives the best possible treatment.
Japanese prisoners of war recalled that once when they were having dinner, they saw that the contents of the Red Army's bowls were all black and coarse, but they ate sweetly. He was a little complicated for a while, because they only had steamed rice and one dish and one soup every day, and they had never been deducted.
Treating the Japanese soldiers who invaded us with such preferential treatment, dealing with the 10 million military and political personnel of the Kuomintang, even though they are all Chinese, the order to "wrap up" also seems to be taken for granted.
In 1949, at the end of the Liberation War, ** proposed three ways to solve the remnants of the Kuomintang army, namely the "Suiyuan way", "Tianjin way" and "Beiping way".
Suiyuan way"The close contact with Fu Zuoyi, the commander of the 35th Army of the Kuomintang Army, attracted much attention. In January 1949, Fu Zuoyi sent a secret telegram from the front, expressing his willingness to work with Dong Qiwu to solve the Suiyuan problem by peaceful liberation.
**The bold appointment of Kuomintang generals Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu successfully avoided fierce military conflicts and protected the safety of the people on the front line. For those who oppose the reuse of Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu, ** once made it clear: "To allow others to make a revolution, we should not care about the old favors, we should not push them to Chiang Kai-shek or the Yellow River, but believe that most of them will make rapid progress." In the high-level **, there will also be people who will become part of the Communist Party of China in the future. ”
It is precisely the broad-mindedness that provides a way out for the 10 million military and political personnel left over from the Kuomintang on the mainland. The so-called "tolerance" means to solve their livelihoods and careers, and treat them as our colleagues.
This practice not only helped to unite the people's minds and prevent them from rejoining the Kuomintang, but at the same time, our party sincerely welcomed them to join. After all, New China has just been founded, and to some extent it is still a young country, and it urgently needs talents to build together.
According to the instructions of ***, these people were subdivided into party and government personnel and military personnel, and according to their different responsibilities in the Kuomintang, they were also arranged differently in New China.
The former Kuomintang was familiar with administrative affairs and was assigned to serve the people at all levels. As a cooperative country, it also stresses the need to retain some of the old Kuomintang departments to express their opinions in the Senate and participate in the discussion and decision-making of state affairs.
As for the military personnel, they have been gradually integrated into the various units of the People's Liberation Army after reorganization and processing. Soldiers live and eat with the PLA, while educated and capable officers are appropriately assigned to middle and high-level military decision-making through inspections.
In this context, the People's Navy of our country received the Kuomintang Navy to varying degrees in accordance with the instructions of **. At the end of the Liberation War in 1949, the Kuomintang navy faced the dilemma of whether to stay on the mainland or retreat to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek.
Many Kuomintang navies chose to remain on the mainland, including senior generals, mid-ranking cadres, and numerous technicians. This is undoubtedly good news for the Chinese People's Navy, which urgently needed to be rebuilt in the early days of New China.
At that time, Zhang Aiping, commander of the East China Military Region, learned that these middle and high-ranking generals of the Kuomintang Navy were not only enthusiastic and experienced in naval construction, but also had a wealth of professional knowledge among junior officers and soldiers. Zhang Aiping immediately held a large meeting within the army to discuss the matter and decided to recruit talented people from it.
There are two main ways to recruit Kuomintang naval personnel who remain on the mainland. In addition to the practice of directly distributing the Kuomintang navy, the local party organizations also actively searched for these hidden naval officers and men in various places to win their trust and bring them under our command. By the beginning of August, nearly 1,000 Kuomintang personnel had joined the PLA Navy, including former Kuomintang Vice Admiral Zeng Yiding, Rear Admiral Zhou Yingcong, and others.
In addition to actively carrying out the work of retaining the Kuomintang navy, another problem that needs to be solved has gradually emerged, that is, how to shape their thinking and stimulate their enthusiasm. After all, they had been following Chiang Kai-shek in the past, and there had always been a deep problem of corruption within the Kuomintang, and their beliefs were markedly different from those of the Chinese Communist Party, so these Kuomintang navies knew very little about our party's philosophy.
Not only do they know nothing about the ideas of ***, they don't even know anything about Marxism-Leninism. In order to solve these problems, a series of measures have been taken within the People's Navy.
In order to unify their thinking, the most important task is to build up sufficient trust, not to inculcate the ideas of our party in a rigid manner, but to imperceptibly infect them through work practice, carry out revolutionary education, and stimulate them to consciously carry out self-reflection and self-transformation.
In addition, Zhang Aiping decided to send most of them to the East China Naval School for a systematic education. There, they will surely be able to wash away the bad habits they had cultivated in the Kuomintang army.
With the joint efforts of both sides, the Kuomintang Navy finally succeeded in integrating into our party's army, and made non-negligible contributions to the building of our people's navy in their respective posts, and made tremendous achievements.
**'s broad-mindedness***'s mind is like a son saying: "How to repay virtue, repay grievances with straightforwardness, and repay virtue with virtue." * The treatment of Japanese prisoners of war and Kuomintang prisoners of war, as well as the arrangements for the military and political personnel left behind by the Kuomintang after the founding of the People's Republic of China, all showed his broad mind.
** Never considered retaliating with a deep understanding of history. He loved Chinese history and often read the Zizhi Tongjian in his later years. He knows very well: "Those who win the hearts of the people will also win the world." ”
Although the remnants of the Kuomintang military and political personnel were on the opposite side, they prevented those who were eager for quick success from sending them all to prison. He understood that although the Kuomintang was opposed to us, after all, we were all Chinese and belonged to the same family.
Harboring hatred can never bring happiness and joy. Only by unleashing hatred can we pursue a brighter future. Letting go of hatred is not about forgetting it, but about turning it into strength.
In the face of the Kuomintang, and even Japan, we should adjust our mentality and realize that endless hatred is meaningless. Only by becoming stronger can we make those who have violated our country consciously bow their heads and admit their mistakes.