Southwest China is one of the seven natural geographical regions of China, bordering Central China and South China in the east and Northwest China in the north, including Chongqing, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province and ** Autonomous Region. Among them, the Sichuan Basin is the most densely populated, the most convenient transportation and the most economically developed region in the region.
Colloquial references to the southwest region sometimes refer only to "old Sichuan" (including Chongqing and excluding the western Sichuan Plateau), Yunnan, and Guizhou, that is, "the three southwestern provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan". The administrative divisions of the provinces and autonomous regions in Southwest China** all start with the number "5". The southwest region was adjusted many times until 1955, when a stable pattern was formed: Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet were collectively called the "four southwestern provinces (regions)";In 1997, the establishment of Chongqing Municipality was resumed, and the regional pattern of four provinces and one district was partially adjusted, after which Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and ** were collectively called "five southwestern provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities)".
The southwest region under the concept of natural zoning mainly includes the Sichuan Basin, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the western part of the Liangguang hills, and roughly includes Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, the eastern region, and the western part of Guangxi.
The southwest region covers different regional scopes under the concept of geographical division and the concept of administrative division. In the concept of administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China, the southwest region is also known as the five southwestern provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), with a total area of 234060,000 square kilometers, accounting for 24 of China's land area5%。Geographically, it includes the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and most of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The geographical location of the area is 97°21 east longitude'-110°11', 21°08 N'-33°41'Between. It is adjacent to Bhutan, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Laos, Myanmar and other countries.
Chongqing Municipality
Chongqing, referred to as "Chongqing", also known as the mountain city, is a provincial-level administrative region, a municipality directly under the central government, a national central city, a megacity, and one of the important central cities in China.
1. The economic center of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an important modern manufacturing base of the country, and a comprehensive transportation hub in the southwest region. The total area is 8It is 240,000 square kilometers and has jurisdiction over 26 districts, 8 counties and 4 autonomous counties. As of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent resident population of Chongqing was 3,205420,000 people.
Chongqing is located in the southwest of Chinese mainland, is the economic, financial, scientific and technological innovation, shipping and trade logistics center of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, a national logistics hub, an important strategic fulcrum for the development of the western region, an important connection point between the "Belt and Road" and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, as well as an inland open highland, a beautiful place with beautiful mountains and watersIt is not only famous for the river city, the fog capital and the bridge, but also the mountain city.
Chongqing is dominated by the Han nationality, and the ethnic minorities mainly include the Tujia and Miao ethnic groups. It is rich in tourism resources, including the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, the Dazu Rock Carvings of the World Cultural Heritage, the Wulong Karst of the World Natural Heritage and the Jinfo Mountain of Nanchuan. Chongqing is a national historical and cultural city. In 1189, Song Guangzong Zhao Dian first crowned King Gong and then ascended the throne, claiming to be "double joyful", from which Chongqing got its name. Chongqing is the origin of the "Hongyan Spirit", the birthplace of Bayu culture, and the far-reaching influence of "hot pot" and "stilted building".In the more than 3,000 years recorded in the written record, it has been the national capital three times, and the city has been built four times, and it is known as "Bayu" in history;During the Anti-Japanese War, it was the capital of the people.
Chongqing is the largest industrial and commercial city in southwest China and an important modern manufacturing base in China. There are 10 national key laboratories, 10 national engineering technology research centers, 68 universities, China (Chongqing) Free Pilot Zone, China-Singapore (Chongqing) Strategic Connectivity Demonstration Project, Liangjiang New Area, Yuxinou International Railway, Western (Chongqing) Science City and other strategic projects.
Chongqing Municipality (administrative**: 500000), county-level divisions: 26 municipal districts, 8 counties, 4 autonomous counties, 1030 township-level divisions: 229 streets, 629 towns, 158 townships, 14 ethnic townships.
Sichuan Province
Sichuan, abbreviated as Sichuan or Shu, is one of China's 23 provinces, with the provincial capital Chengdu. It is located in the inland of southwest China, bounded by 26°03 -34°19 north latitude and 97°21 -108°12 east longitude, connecting Chongqing in the east, Yunnan and Guizhou in the south, ** in the west, Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai in the north.
Sichuan Province is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with an area of 48It is 60,000 square kilometers, ranking fifth in China, with a length of 1,075 kilometers from east to west, a width of 921 kilometers from north to south, and a time difference of 51 minutes between the east and west borders. It is bordered by 7 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and is an important intersection and transportation corridor to undertake South China and Central China, connect Southwest and Northwest, and communicate Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Sichuan Province is located in the transition zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the first of the three major steps of terrain in Chinese mainland. Sichuan Province is divided into three major climates, namely the humid climate in the Sichuan Basin, the semi-humid climate in the mountainous region of southwest Sichuan, and the alpine plateau alpine climate in northwest Sichuan.
There are many rivers in Sichuan, mainly the Yangtze River system. A short section of the Yellow River flows through the northwestern part of Sichuan, which is the border between Sichuan and Qinghai provinces, and its tributaries include the Heihe River and the Baihe RiverThe Jinsha River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is the border of Sichuan and Sichuan, Sichuan and Yunnan, which flows through the south of Sichuan in Panzhihua and southeast of Sichuan in Yibin, and the larger tributaries are the Yalong River, the Min River, the Dadu River, the Litang River, the Tuojiang River, the Fujiang River, the Jialing River and the Chishui River. The main lakes in Sichuan are Qionghai, Lugu Lake and Ma Lake.
Sichuan Province (administrative**: 510000), 21 prefecture-level divisions: 18 prefecture-level cities, 3 autonomous prefectures, 183 county-level divisions: 55 municipal districts, 18 county-level cities, 106 counties, 4 autonomous counties, 3440 township-level divisions: 449 streets, 1926 towns, 982 townships, 83 ethnic townships.
Guizhou Province
Guizhou, abbreviated as "黔" or "Gui", is a provincial-level administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Guiyang, the provincial capital, is located in the hinterland of southwest China. It is a transportation hub in southwest China and an important part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is the first national big data comprehensive pilot zone in China, a world-renowned mountain tourism destination and a major mountain tourism province, a national ecological civilization pilot zone, and an inland open economic pilot zone. It is bounded at 24°37 -29°13 north latitude and 103°36 -109°35 east longitude, bordering Sichuan and Chongqing in the north, Hunan in the east, Guangxi in the south, and Yunnan in the west.
The terrain in Guizhou is high in the west and low in the east, and it is inclined from the central part to the north, east and south, and is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The landform of the province can be broadly divided into four basic types: plateau, mountain, hill and basin, of which 925% of the area is mountainous and hilly. The total area is 17620,000 square kilometers, belonging to the first monsoon climate, spanning the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.
Guizhou is a multi-ethnic province, the province has a total of 56 ethnic components, including Han, Miao, Buyi, Dong, Tujia, Yi, Gelao, Shui, Hui, Bai, Yao, Zhuang, She, Maonan, Manchu, Mongolian, Gelao, Qiang and other 18 ethnic groups. In the northwest region of Guizhou and Guizhou, there are also the Qing people (also called the Qing people, the Sichuan Qing people), due to the questions left by many investigations, the Qing people are not among the 56 ethnic groups in our country for the time being, and the nationality noted on their ID cards is "the people who wear the Qing". 25] According to the fifth national census, the population of the province exceeds 100,000, including the Han nationality (2191170,000, accounting for 622%), Miao (429.).990,000, accounting for 122%), Buyi (279820,000, accounting for 79%), Dong (162860,000, accounting for 46%), Tujia (143030,000, accounting for 41%), Yi (84360,000 people, accounting for 24%), the Gelao (5590,000, accounting for 16%), Aquarium (36970,000, accounting for 10%), Bai (18740,000, accounting for 053%) and Hui (16870,000, accounting for 05%)。
By the end of 2017, there were 71 scenic spots in Guizhou Province. Among them, there are 18 national scenic spots and 53 provincial scenic spots. There are 5 5A-level tourist attractions, an increase of 1 from the end of 2016;There are 95 4A-level tourist attractions, an increase of 27 from the end of 2016. 131 provincial-level rural tourism demonstration zones;There are 1,104 key villages for poverty alleviation through rural tourism.
Guizhou Province (administrative**: 520000), 9 prefecture-level divisions: 6 prefecture-level cities, 3 autonomous prefectures, 88 county-level divisions: 15 municipal districts, 9 county-level cities, 52 counties, 11 autonomous counties, 1 special zone, 1455 township-level divisions: 303 streets, 837 towns, 122 townships, 193 ethnic townships.
Yunnan Province
Yunnan Province, referred to as Yunnan or Yunnan, is one of the 23 provinces in China, located in the southwest region, with the provincial capital Kunming. Between 21 ° 8 -29 ° 15 north latitude and 97 ° 31 -106 ° 11 east longitude, it is adjacent to Guizhou and Guangxi in the east, Sichuan in the north, close to ** in the northwest, bordering Myanmar in the west, and Laos and Vietnam in the south, with a total area of 39410,000 square kilometers, accounting for 41%, ranking 8th in the country. Yunnan is one of the provinces with the longest border in the country, with 25 border counties in 8 states (cities) bordering Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam.
The Tropic of Cancer traverses the southern part of Yunnan Province, belongs to the low-latitude inland area, the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and descends step by step from north to south, which is a mountainous plateau terrain, and the mountain area accounts for 88 of the total area of the province64%, spanning the six major water systems of the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Yuanjiang River, Lancang River, Nujiang River and Daying River. The climate of Yunnan basically belongs to the first zone and tropical monsoon climate, and the northwest of Yunnan belongs to the plateau and mountain climate. Yunnan has the highest number of animal and plant species in the country, known as the "animal and plant kingdom", known as the "kingdom of non-ferrous metals", with a long history and culture, gorgeous natural scenery, and is one of the important birthplaces of human civilization.
Yunnan is the province with the largest number of ethnic groups in China, and in addition to the Han nationality, there are 25 ethnic minorities with a population of more than 6,000 people, including the Yi, Hani, Bai, Dai, Zhuang, Miao, Hui, and Lisu ethnic groups. Among them (in order of population), a total of 15 ethnic groups, including Hani, Bai, Dai, Lisu, Lahu, Wa, Naxi, Jingpo, Brown, Pumi, Achang, Nu, Kino, De'ang and Dulong, are endemic to Yunnan, accounting for more than 80% of the total population of this ethnic group in the country. The number of ethnic minorities in the province reached 1,621260,000 people, accounting for 33 of the total population of the province6%。
Yunnan Province (administrative**: 530000), 16 prefecture-level divisions: 8 prefecture-level cities, 8 autonomous prefectures, 129 county-level divisions: 17 municipal districts, 17 county-level cities, 66 counties, 29 autonomous counties, 1405 township-level divisions: 186 streets, 679 towns, 400 townships, 140 ethnic townships (20201. Yunnan Provincial Department of Civil Affairs).
Autonomous Regions
*, referred to as "Tibet", the capital city of Lhasa, is located in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China, and is one of the five ethnic minority autonomous regions in China. **Located in the southwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, between 26°50 and 36°53 north latitude and 78°25 to 99°06 east longitude, with an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters, known as the "roof of the world". Area 122840,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 18 of the total area of the country, second only to Xinjiang among all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the country. At the end of 2019, the permanent population was 350560,000 people.
* It is bordered by Xinjiang to the north, Sichuan to the east, Qinghai to the northeast, and Yunnan to the southeastIt is bordered by Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Kashmir and other countries and regions, with a land border of more than 4,000 kilometers, and is an important gateway to China's southwest border.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the latest uplift, the largest and the highest altitude plateau in the world, so it is called the "roof of the world" and is regarded as the "third pole of the earth" in addition to the South Pole and the North Pole. *The plateau is located in the main area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The overall topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is inclined from northwest to southeast, and the terrain is complex and diverse, with thousands of scenes, including high and rugged mountains, steep and deep gullies and gorges, glaciers, bare rocks, Gobi and other landform typesThere are a wide variety of exotic flowers and rare wild animals belonging to the cold zone, temperate zone, ** zone, and tropical zone, as well as the natural wonders of "one mountain to see the four seasons" and "ten miles of different days" that are vertically distributed. The landform can be roughly divided into the Himalayas, the southern Tibetan valley, the northern Tibetan plateau and the eastern Tibetan alpine valley area.
*The area with the most lakes in China, with a total area of about 2380,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 30% of the total area of lakes in the country. More than 1500 sizes not.
1. Lakes with different scenery are scattered and embedded in the mountains and plains, among which there are Namco, Serin and Zharinan Mso with an area of more than 1,000 square kilometers, and there are 47 lakes with an area of more than 100 square kilometers. **There are a variety of lake types, including almost all the characteristics of Chinese lakes;Among the lakes in the area, there are few freshwater lakes and many saltwater lakes, and there are about 251 salt lakes of various types preliminarily identified, with a total area of about 8,000 square kilometers. **The most famous lakes are Namtso, Yangzhuoyong Lake, Mapanyong Tso, Pangong Lake, Basong Tso, Senli Tso, etc.
* Autonomous Region (administrative**: 540000), 7 prefecture-level divisions: 6 prefecture-level cities, 1 region, 74 county-level divisions: 8 municipal districts, 66 counties, 697 township-level divisions: 21 streets, 142 towns, 525 townships, 9 ethnic townships.
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