Among Chiang Kai-shek's many miscellaneous armies, he has been the king and hegemonic in the northwest for decadesMa JiajunIt can be regarded as a super fighting force.
This one can be usedSavageryIn 1937, the gang owed a large blood debt to the Red Army.
In the memories of Marshal ***, there were four major defeats, one of which was at the hands of the Ma Jiajun.
At the beginning of 1949, Comrade ** led the People's Liberation Army 1 Field to open the prelude to understanding and amplifying the northwest, compared to Hu Zongnan's soft egg troopsMa Jiajun can be described as the most stubborn opponent of our army.
At one time, it was rumored that the jealous and hateful *** had sent a telegram to Comrade *** against Ma Jiajun: "All annihilation if you don't surrender!?
So, how fierce is Ma Jiajun?
What kind of blood debt did they owe to our army?
How did they perish?
Did you really send such a resolute telegram to Comrade ***?
The origin of Ma Jiajun can be traced back to the middle and late Qing Dynasty when Zuo Zongtang pacified the Northwest Rebellion.
Among the many rebel forces, one was from Hezhou, Gansu, and its leader was Ma Zhanao. However, this person has a very flexible mind, and seeing that he can't beat Zuo Zongtang, he simply accepted Zhao'an and helped the Qing army pacify the northwest, thus rising to become the first person in the northwest of the Qing Dynasty, and his group of armed forces became the predecessor of the Ma Jiajun, including the current Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia.
After the evolution of children and grandchildren, during the period of Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang, the Ma Jiajun was mainly divided into 2 branches, and it has always been the "green horse" with Qinghai as its nest, and the leaders are Ma Bufang and Ma Buqing brothers. The other is the "Ningma" with Ningxia as its nest, and the leaders are Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin's cousins. And the three warlords Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin are also called"Northwest Three Horses".
No matter which Ma family army it is, its family has a very strong feudal armed color, the father is dead, the son will continue to do it, the elder brother is dead, and the younger brother will continue to do it. Moreover,Since ancient times, the people in the northwest have been fierce, and the Ma family army is mainly cavalry, good at cavalry and hand-to-hand combat, bloodthirsty, and cruel in battle, so the combat effectiveness is very fierce. Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to recruit them. Although everyone nominally belongs to Nanjing, the local affairs are still the three of them.
At the end of 1935, after our party established the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region, Ma Hongkui of "Ningma" spared no effort to harass him, and after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, although this bastard hung up the military post of deputy commander of the theater, he did not resist Japan for a day, but cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek every day to "suppress the Communists".
And Ma Bufang of that "green horse" is even worse. When the Red Army's Western Route Army marched westward, his group of Ma Jiajun took advantage of their strong mobility to repeatedly "cut the tail" of the rear troops of the Western Route Army, and ran away after a fight, constantly consuming the strength of the Red Army. When the Red Army wanted to set up camp, Ma Jiajun would soon be able to chase the smoke and swarm there, without giving the Red Army a chance to rest and respite.
** The marshal recalled: "The enemy cavalry is large and fast. General Qin Jiwei recalled: "We walked desperately all night, and as soon as we settled down for two hours, the enemy army arrived. They rode horses in 2 hours and we walked all night. ”
Although the bloody battle with the Ma army for 4 months and eliminated more than 20,000 enemies, the infantry had a huge disadvantage in front of the cavalry after all, and the fierceness of the Ma Jiajun far exceeded the ordinary Kuomintang army, and the Western Route Army was finally wiped out in 1937, with more than 20,000 troops sacrificing more than 7,000 people, including more than 140 cadres above the regiment level. The more than 5,000 male and female soldiers of the Red Army who were captured were extremely cruelly destroyed and tortured by Ma Jiajun, and the means can be described as **.
Therefore, the Red Army remembered this blood debt of Ma Jiajun and vowed to "pay for the blood debt"!And this is definitely not just a slogan.
After defeating the Japanese invaders, the opportunity for revenge finally came, but the process did not go smoothly.
In March 1947, Chiang Kai-shek found that the all-out offensive could not be played, and began to play the "key offensive". As a result, Hu Zongnan led the Kuomintang and Ma Jiajun, a total of 250,000 people, to attack Yan'an. At this point, the bloody battle between Mr. Peng's Northwest Field Army and Ma Jiajun kicked off.
At that time, Mr. Peng's enemies were mainly divided into four forces, among which Ma Hongbin's strength was almost and he was not very active in attacking our army, Deng Baoshan and Chiang Kai-shek did not deal with each other, and the relationship with our army was okay. Therefore,The real opponents are Hu Zongnan, Ma Bufang, and Ma Hongkui, the "two horses in the northwest".
However, at that time, the conditions of the Northwest Field Army were very difficult, the whole army was only 20,000 people, not only was the equipment extremely poor, but even the military uniforms were only changed once in two years, and the Kuomintang was captured, and the commanders and fighters were in rags, and there was a huge disparity in strength between them and the enemy.
As the saying goes, persimmons have to pick up soft pinch, and Mr. Peng first set his sights on Hu Zongnan. With the victory of a series of battles such as Qinghuatou, Yangmahe, and Panlong, the elder brother Zongnan, who was pinned on by Chiang Kai-shek, was beaten back to his original form and did not dare to rise easily.
But Erma took the opportunity to expand his territory and expand his troops. In response to this situation, Mr. Peng planned to attack from Longdong to teach them a lesson, and the target was the three main brigades of Qingma.
At the end of May 1947, the Northwest Field Army attacked in three directions. The middle and right flanks went very well, and when they came up, they eliminated a regiment of Ningma, and also captured Ma Hongkui's son-in-law and a major general's deputy brigade commander, who were the regiment commanders. But when the left side of the ** was besieging Heshui City, it hit a nail.
Due to the lack of ammunition, our troops could only adopt the tactic of approaching the enemy's position at night and fighting bayonets after grenades. As a result, the bandits of Tsing Ma were very cunning, and instead ambushed our army. In close combat, guns and grenades could not be used, and they could only fight with bayonets, but the bandits had superb knife skills, and our soldiers suffered a big loss. In the end, the 359 regiments of the 2 brigade withdrew from the battle with heavy losses.
Soon after, Qingma's reinforcements arrived, and seeing that the enemy was about to join forces with the outside, ** adjusted the deployment and copied the rear route of the enemy's reinforcements. When the green horse cavalry saw that it was going to be broken, they all turned their horses and fled, while the soldiers of our army rushed up and pulled the horse's tail and held the horse's head, trying to capture the prisoner. But the enemy was again slashed with sabers, and our army lost a lot of people.
When the enemy was finally repulsed and our soldiers wanted to take a rest, no one expected that Ma Jiajun would not play cards according to the routine at all, and would soon come back to retaliate. The positions of our troops have not yet been repaired, the enemy's cavalry has already swarmed in, and the two sides are engaged in a scuffle. Some of the fighters, seeing the loss of the white-knuckle battle, simply pulled a grenade in the middle of the enemy's horse team and perished with the enemy.
In the end, the enemy forces inside and outside Heshui City were still united, and in desperation, they could only order the troops to retreat. The Battle of Heshui ended with the Northwest Field Army losing more than 2,500 people and its defeat, and the whole army was shaken.
But this loss cannot be in vain, our army has also inflicted heavy losses on the enemy, and has accumulated valuable experience in fighting against the cavalry of the Ma Jiajun, everyone is grinding their fists and preparing to attack again.
But after attacking again, Mr. Peng suffered one of the four major defeats in his lifeBattle of Xifu
In April 1948, the Northwest Field Army besieging Luochuan withdrew and left, but could not defeat the enemy?
Definitely!It's because the logistical supply is urgent, and if we continue to fight, our army can consume the enemy in the city.
At that time, the Northwest Field Army, together with non-combat troops, had nearly 100,000 troops, which the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region, with a population of only more than 1.5 million, could not afford to supply in any case.
What to do?You can only fight out and go to the enemy's territory to grab food, clothing, and ammunition!
Mr. Peng's goal was to target Hu Zongnan's largest supply base, Baoji.
Although Baoji was defended by just over 2,000 Kuomintang troops at that time, our army's offensive route needed to pass through the Xifu area west of Xianyang, and this passage was sandwiched between the Qingma Army in Gansu and the Kuomintang army in Shaanxi.
Mr. Peng's judgment at that time was: Our army is only going to attack Hu Zongnan's territory, and Qingma should not move, and the Kuomintang army has always been slow to move, so it is not a problem. Moreover, attacking Baoji can lure away the enemy forces around Yan'an, and our army can take the opportunity to recover Yan'an.
Therefore, although this battle risked being alone in the enemy's territory and being attacked by the enemy on its back, there was a feeling of optimism among the people of the Northwest Field Army.
On April 16, the battle began, and the offensive of our army in the first three days was very smooth, and the troops reached Baoji. But at this moment, the change of events was completely beyond Mr. Peng's imagination.
Hu Zongnan judged that our army was going to Baoji**, so he urgently ordered the Qingma Army and the Kuomintang army to rescue, and even lost face, and transferred the entire 17th Division in Yan'an back. As a result, the 3rd Column of the Northwest Field Army left behind in Luochuan successfully regained Yan'an after beating the entire 17th Division on the way.
But at this time, the Qingma Army acted, because Baoji is also their supply base, and they can't help it. This directly caught the 2 brigades of the 6 columns, which were responsible for the defense of the western side of the large army, by surprise, of which the teaching brigade lost 2 3, and the commander of the column, Luo Yuanfa (lieutenant general), almost died.
Subsequently, the Qingma Army and the Kuomintang army split up to kill Baoji, forcing Mr. Peng, who had just occupied Baoji for 2 days, to issue an order for the whole army to retreat on April 28, and the materials that could have fed the Northwest Field Army for 2 years were mostly blown up because they could not be transported away in time.
In the subsequent transfer process, the Green Horse Army pursued our army closely and fought fiercely. Mr. Peng led his troops to fight for more than 1,000 kilometers, and it took half a month to return to our base on May 12.
In this battle, although more than 20,000 enemies were annihilated, our army also lost more than 15,000 people, which can be said to be more than worth the loss. Among the two reasons for the defeat summed up by Mr. Peng, one of them was to despise Ma Jiajun.
On February 1, 1949, the Northwest Field Army was reorganized into the 1st Field Army.
In mid-August, Mr. Peng ordered the 1st Field and 5 Corps to surround Lanzhou, which was guarded by the Qingma ArmyConcentrate troops, conquer Lanzhou, and resolutely annihilate the 'Green Horse'!
The battle for revenge is about to begin.
At dawn on August 21, 1949, under the order of Mr. Peng, the 9 regiments of the 1st Field launched a fierce attack on the positions of the Qingma Army on the outskirts of Lanzhou. The enemy relied on strong fortifications to resist desperately, and the battle lasted until dusk
The position of the Green Horse Army was not captured anywhere, and 1 Ye suffered another loss in the white-knuckle battle, and lost the first battle!
In the evening, Mr. Peng ordered the offensive to be stopped, and then at the juncture of such a big battle, and the supply was urgent, he insisted on squeezing out three days to review the whole army and reformulate the battle plan. Subsequently, all units participating in the battle carefully reconnoitred the terrain and enemy situation of the offensive line, and repeatedly conducted sand table drills. In a word: pay attention to the enemy!
At 2 o'clock in the morning of August 25, hundreds of artillery pieces in the 1st field simultaneously bombarded the enemy, and half an hour later, the second attack began.
Because I was well prepared militarily first, and then held my breath, I quickly broke through the outer positions of the Qingma Army and entered the city of Lanzhou. This time, the bayonets of our army finally crushed the swords of the Qingma Army, and early in the morning of the 26th, a red flag was erected at the head of Lanzhou City, which was blown up to the sky by Ma Bufang. The bandit leader fled to Chongqing by plane one step earlier, and later died in Saudi Arabia.
In this battle, more than 27,000 people were annihilated by the Qingma Army, and our army also paid a heavy price of more than 9,500 people. However, Lanzhou is the transportation hub of Gansu, Qinghai, Ning, and Xin 4 provinces, and after taking it, our army can sweep across the northwest, and the Ma Jiajun has no danger to defend, and has become a frightened bird, and its demise has entered the countdown.
After conquering Lanzhou, ** led the 1st Field 1 Corps to Xining, scared Ma Buqing to flee to Chongqing in advance, on September 5, Xining was liberated, and Qingma was completely wiped out.
Now, only Ma Hongkui's Ningma is still resisting stubbornly in Ningxia. To this end, ** sent a telegram to Mr. Peng again: ".Ma Hongkui must be given an annihilating blow!It's better to disarm them all, and the fewer adaptations the better!
On September 10, Yang Dezhi's 1st Field 19th Corps entered Ningxia with the slogan of "Eliminate the Ma Family's Army". Along the way, the people ate pot pulp to welcome the king. Ma Hongkui, who had been shouting that "there is only one soldier left, and he must defend Ningxia to the death," fled to Chongqing as early as September 1, and later died in Los Angeles, USA. As soon as his two sons saw that the general situation was gone, they also fled to Chongqing by plane.
On September 19, Ma Hongbin led his 10,000 Duoning Ma army to revolt. After the liberation, he made a lot of contributions to the stable development and national unity of Gansu, and his uprising troops were later reorganized into the 1st Agricultural Construction Division, and in 1956, all the majors were completed, which was regarded as the best result of the Ma Jiajun.
And Ma Hongkui is a thief, and he returned to the front line from Chongqing, but no one pays attention to him anymore. His Ningma army was leaderless at this time, and a large number of soldiers deserted, while the big and small leaders were busy contacting the PLA to consult on the preferential treatment of prisoners.
On September 23, representatives of the remnants of the Ningma tribe signed a "peace agreement" with 1 Ye, and they were dissolved on the spot, and on the 26th, Yinchuan was peacefully liberated.
To sum up, the order of "total annihilation without surrender" against Ma Jiajun is by no means a rumor.
The reactionaries of the Ma Jiajun, who are brutal by nature, owe the Red Army and the people a blood debt, and who are still stubbornly resistant, are a scourge and must be eliminated, which is also an attitude of being responsible to the people.
But on the other hand,".Without thunderbolts, it is difficult to show the heart of the Bodhisattva"It's a clever strategy. For those who were deterred by the People's Liberation Army and knew that Ma Jiajun had repented, ** still left them a chance to be a new person, which is also very important for the stability of the Great Northwest.
In addition, Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui and others, although they once ran rampant on one side as a prestige, but in the end they were not tolerated by Chiang Kai-shek, and they could only die in a foreign land.
Their evaluation in history ultimately boils down to just one word "phew"!