One.
Liu Yuan created the era].
After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan created the rule of Taikang, however, after the death of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty Sima Zhen became a puppet, the Rebellion of the Eight Kings broke out, and the Western Jin Dynasty suffered internal and external troubles and gradually perished. The former Zhao (Han Zhao) was officially established on the basis of the Western Jin Dynasty, however, its existence was shorter than that of the Western Jin Dynasty, only about 16 years.
The establishment of Liu Yuan].
The founder of Former Zhao was Liu Yuan, a descendant of the Xiongnu leader Mao Dunshan Yu. Liu Yuan divided the state area, and during the rebellion of the Eight Kings of the Western Jin Dynasty, he established the Han State in the name of "Brother Shao", and posthumously honored the later lord Liu Chan, marking the birth of the former Zhao. In the second year of Yongjia, Liu Yuan officially proclaimed himself emperor, and moved the capital to Pingyang. However, he failed to capture Luoyang, and the Western Jin Dynasty still existed in name only.
The Rise and Fall of Liu Cong].
After Liu Yuan's death, the eldest son Liu He originally ascended the throne, but was usurped by his younger brother Liu Cong. During Liu Cong's reign, he broke through Luoyang, captured Emperor Huai of the Jin Dynasty, and officially destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty. However, during Liu Cong's reign, he was arrogant and murderous, which led to frequent civil strife in Former Zhao. After Liu Cong died of illness, he was succeeded by Liu Yao, but Liu Yao had no way to govern Guanzhong and blindly fought against him, which made the former Zhao state decline day by day.
Two. 
Liu Cang's debauchery and court turmoil].
After Liu Cong's death, his son Liu Cang ascended the throne, but he indulged in wine, indulged in amusement, and killed auxiliary ministers, causing turmoil in the former Zhao court. Jin Zhun launched a rebellion and killed Liu Cang, causing Liu Yao to send troops to attack Jin Zhun. Liu Yao eventually ascended the throne as emperor, changed the name of the country to Zhao in the following year, and at the same time, Shi Le rebelled and proclaimed himself King of Zhao, causing Han Zhao to lose its eastern territory.
The war between the former Zhao and the later Zhao].
Liu Yao and Shi Le often attacked each other, Liu Yao had no way to govern Guanzhong, and the country was declining, while Shi Le controlled the vast area of Hebei. At the beginning of 329 AD, the former and later Zhao fought in the west of Luoyang City, Liu Yao drank too much alcohol and was captured and killed by the Later Zhao, so that the main force of the former Zhao was eliminated.
Three. The last moments of the former Zhao].
In 329 AD, the Later Zhao army took advantage of the victory to advance westward, and the former Zhao prince Liu Xi abandoned Chang'an and ran to Shangqi. Later, Zhao Shihu conquered Shangqi and killed Liu Xi and hundreds of civil and military officials, and Former Zhao officially perished. After this catastrophe, the Xiongnu Liu clan suffered heavy losses and was almost wiped out. Former Zhao began in 304 A.D. and died in 329 A.D., which was a relatively short-lived state during the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Epilogue] The rise and fall of the former Zhao Dynasty is a short and intense chapter in Chinese history. In the midst of the chaos, the Xiongnu descendant Liu established the state, but due to civil strife and the brutality of the rulers, the path to the demise of the former Zhao was irreversible. Its demise also marked the two catastrophes of the Xiongnu Liu clan, as well as the eastward migration of the clansmen to the west, which became a part of history.
The short but intense historical period of the former Zhao Dynasty shows a dynasty that rose and fell in troubled times. As a descendant of the Xiongnu, Liu Yuan, with his resourcefulness and determination, successfully divided and annexed states in the turbulent moment of the Western Jin Dynasty, laying the cornerstone of the former Zhao. However, at the beginning of its founding, it faced internal and external troubles, and the aftermath of the Eight Kings Rebellion made the prospects of Former Zhao bleak.
After Liu Yuan's son Liu Cong seized power, although he successfully broke through Luoyang and destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty, his rule was widely criticized. Liu Cong's extravagant pleasures and brutality plunged Former Zhao into internal turmoil, laying the groundwork for his later demise. After Liu Cong, Liu Yao's reign was also full of war, and his failure to govern Guanzhong caused the former Zhao's state to decline sharply.
Liu Cang's accession to the throne marked further chaos in the court of Former Zhao. His debauchery and the loss of power and humiliation of the courtiers made the country's internal and external troubles more and more intense. Jin Zhun's rebellion was a heavy blow to the former Zhao regime, leading to constant internal strife in the country and turmoil in the society.
The war between the former and later Zhao was a turning point in the entire historical period. The infighting between Liu Yao and Shi Le caused Former Zhao to lose control of the eastern frontier, and was eventually destroyed in the Great Battle west of Luoyang. This moment marked the end of the demise of the former Zhao, and the tragedy of the Xiongnu Liu clan reached its peak.
In the end, the Later Zhao army took advantage of the victory to advance westward, and the former Zhao perished. The surrender of the crown prince Liu Xi and the death of the hundred civil and military officials of the former Zhao made the fall of the former Zhao extremely miserable. The Xiongnu Liu clan suffered heavy losses in this historical event and almost came to the verge of extinction.
The end of this historical period was not only the destruction of the individual state of the former Zhao, but also the two catastrophes of the Xiongnu Liu clan. The baptism of history made some of the Xiongnu Liu clan move east to Liaodong, south to Henan and the Central Plains, west to Guanlong, north to the desert, and even some to Central Asia and Europe. This catastrophe changed the fate of the Xiongnu Liu clan and became a past worth pondering in Chinese history.
Overall, the rise and fall of the former Zhao is a little-known but dramatic period in Chinese history. This period of history provides us with profound reflections on the rise and fall of political powers, the wisdom and determination of rulers, and the enormous pressures that a country faces in troubled times. The demise of the former Zhao is a drop of water in the long river of history, but in this drop of water, we see the important nodes of power schemes, civil strife, wars and the fate of the race.
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