Explore China s 14 wetlands The perfect combination of nature and humanity

Mondo Science Updated on 2024-01-31

14.Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province.

Area: 44,364 hectares.

Zhenbaodao Wetland National Nature Reserve is located in the east of Hulin City, Heilongjiang Province, at the southern foot of Wanda Mountain, with the Ussuri River as the boundary and the Russian Federation across the water, and is a concentrated distribution area of swamp wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain.

The reserve is rich in natural resources, with 6 species of plants under national key protection. It is an important part of the ecological environment system along the Ussuri River, providing a place for the growth, habitat, reproduction and migration of organisms that depend on the wetland environment for survival.

13.Bird Island.

Area: 53,600 hectares.

Bird Island, which is about 500 meters long and 150 meters wide, is home to nearly 100,000 migratory birds. Every April, more than 10 kinds of migratory birds such as bantou geese, brown-headed gulls, ruddy shelducks, cormorants and other places from southern China and Southeast Asia breed hereIn the fall, they flew back to the south with their sons and daughters.

12.Mapanon.

Area: 73,782 hectares.

With an average altitude of 4,700 meters, it is one of the most freshwater lakes in the plateau altitude area on the earth, and it is also the most representative lake wetland on the plateau. It is inhabited by a large number of waterfowl such as black-necked cranes and bar-headed geese, and is also one of the main corridors for rare wildlife populations such as Tibetan antelopes and wild yaks to migrate to the Himalayas. The wetland includes Mapanyong Tso and its sister lake, Laang Tso, and the surrounding swamp and river wetlands.

On March 19, 2018, ** approved the establishment of a national nature reserve in the Mapanyong Wetland.

11.Shandong Yellow River Delta wetland.

Area: 95,950 hectares.

The Yellow River Delta is the only wetland ecosystem in China and the world's warm temperate zone that is the most intact, typical and youngest. Its unique ecological environment, unique natural conditions, so that the biological resources in this area are very rich, after scientific investigation and identification, there are 1917 species of various organisms in the area, including 271 species of birds, the birds that belong to the national first-class key protection are red-crowned cranes, white-headed cranes, white-cheeked, Chinese mergansers, golden eagles, white-tailed sea eagles, 7 species of great bustards, 34 species of birds belonging to the national second-class key protection such as whooper swans, here is the northernmost boundary of red-crowned cranes wintering, and it is also an important breeding ground for the world's rare birds black-billed gulls.

10.Shuangtai Estuary.

Area: 128,000 hectares

Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve is located in Panjin City, Liaoning Province, with a total area of 1280,000 hectares. It was established in 1987 with the approval of Liaoning Province and promoted to the national level in 1988, and the main protection objects are rare waterfowl such as red-crowned cranes and white cranes and coastal estuarine wetland ecosystems. Located at the estuary of the Liaohe River in Liaodong Bay, it is an estuarine wetland suitable for the reproduction of a variety of organisms formed by the deposition of fresh water carrying a large amount of nutrients and the mutual immersion of seawater. The biological resources of the reserve are extremely rich, there are 191 species of birds alone, including 28 species of red-crowned cranes, white cranes, white storks and black storks that belong to the national key protected animals, and it is the breeding ground, wintering ground and station of many migratory birds for many kinds of waterfowl.

9.Momog National Nature Reserve, Jilin.

Area: 144,000 hectares.

The wildlife resources of Momog Reserve are rich and diverse, and there are 6 species of amphibians in 1 order, 3 families. There are 8 species of reptiles in 2 orders, 4 families. There are 52 species of fish in 4 orders, 11 families. There are 29 species of mammals in 4 orders, 11 families. There are 298 species of birds, belonging to 17 orders and 50 families, including 126 species of passerine, 172 species of non-passerine, and non-passerine birds account for 57 of the birds in the whole area72%, including 120 species of wetland waterbirds. There are 15 species of cranes in the world, and there are 6 species in the reserve, namely white cranes, red-crowned cranes, white-headed cranes, white-naped cranes, gray cranes, and demoiselle cranes, among which red-crowned cranes, demoiselle cranes, and white-naped cranes breed in this area. The white crane is the dominant species among the cranes, and there are more than 550 migrating cranes here, and the stopping time is about 70 days. There are two types of storks in the reserve, namely the Oriental White Stork and the Black Stork.

8.Sichuan Ruoergai Wetland National Nature Reserve.

Area: 166,570 hectares.

The swampy Ruoergai Wetland Nature Reserve is surrounded by mountains, the central part is low and flat, the valley is wide, the river meanders are developed, there are many lakes, and the drainage is not smooth. At the same time, the climate here is cold and humid, the average annual temperature is about 0, the average precipitation for many years is 500 600 mm, the evaporation is less than the precipitation, and the surface is often in a state of overhumidity, which is conducive to the development of swamps. Some of the swamps in this area are formed by the swamping of lakes, such as Jiangcuo Lake and Shaman Daezi in the wide valley of the mountain plain, after the lake is degraded, the lake is full of marsh plants, and there is peat accumulation at the bottom of the lake, with an average thickness of about 1 meter.

7.South Dongting Wetland and Waterfowl Nature Reserve.

Area: 168,000 hectares.

The bird resources in the reserve are extremely abundant, according to the survey records, there are 164 species of birds of 16 orders, 43 families, including 30 species of ducks, 19 species of sandpipers, 14 species of herons, 6 species of eagles, 4 species of falcons, 3 species of pheasants, 4 species of finches, 9 species of coots, 4 species of cuckoos, 4 species of kingfishers, 3 species of sandpipers, 3 species of shrikes, and 6 species of crows. According to expert estimates, there are about 10 million migratory birds wintering here, and there are 805 white storks, 300 black storks, 200 white-headed cranes, 400 white cranes, more than 1,000 white spoonbills, 30 great bustards, 400 white cranes, more than 400 swans, 1,000 gray cranes, more than 20 Chinese mergansers, 30,000 white-fronted geese, and 35,000 bean geese.

The 1,680-square-kilometre lake is dotted with 118 inaccessible islands and islands, a labyrinth of nature and a genetic pool.

6.East Dongting Lake.

Area: 190,000 hectares.

Hunan East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve mainly protects the ecological environment and biological resources of Dongting Lake wetland, and millions of geese, ducks and other waterbirds inhabit here every year, among which there are more than 60% of the global population, and it is one of the most typical migratory birds in the reserve. The region also plays an important role in regional species conservation networks such as the Northeast Asian Crane Migration Network, the East Asian Goose and Duck Migration Network, and the East Asian-Australian Wading Bird Migration Network, and has been hailed as "a place of hope for saving the world's most endangered species" and "a model of harmonious coexistence between man and nature".

5.Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve.

Area: 222,448 hectares.

There are more than 200 species of birds recorded in the vast Xingkai Lake wetland, and the Xingkai Lake Reserve is one of the main breeding habitats of red-crowned cranes, oriental white storks, white-tailed sea eagles and golden eagles, which are national first-class protected birds. There are more than 60 red-crowned cranes living in the Xingkai Lake wetland, making it the third largest breeding population in China. There are also national second-class protected birds such as red-necked, yellow-billed egret, white spoonbill, white-naped crane, white-fronted goose, whooper swan, whooper swan, mandarin duck and so on. There are also a large number of red-headed gulls, whiskered gulls, mallards, spot-billed ducks and herons breeding in the Xingkai Lake wetland, with more than 20,000 individuals.

4.Heilongjiang Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve.

Area: 229,523 hectares.

The Nanwenghe Nature Reserve is a protected area with forest wetlands and their biodiversity and the source of the Nenjiang River, which accommodates almost all the forest plants, wild animals, forest insects and macrofungi in the cold temperate coniferous forest area of the Daxing'an Mountains. The reserve has a rich diversity of ecosystems, including forest ecosystems, meadow ecosystems, swamp ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems. The focus is on forests, marshes, meadows and waters, as well as wildlife.

3.Gahai Wetland Nature Reserve, Gansu Province.

Area: 247,431 hectares.

There are 40,772 hectares of forestry land, 167378 hectares of grassland, 31,551 hectares of wetland, and 7,730 hectares of other land. There are 61 families, 213 genera and 529 species of seed plants in the area, and 16 species of national and provincial key protected plantsThere are 5 classes, 26 orders, 58 families, 197 species of vertebrates, and 40 species of wild animals under national key protection, including 11 species of class I and 29 species of class II. The main objects of protection are the alpine forest ecosystem with Picea purpurea as the dominant tree species, the wetland ecosystem of migratory birds and their habitats dominated by black-necked cranes, gray cranes, black storks, swans, geese and ducks, and the alpine meadow grassland ecosystem composed of high-quality forage.

Gahai Wetland is a unique type of plateau wetland in China, which is of global significance in the conservation of biodiversity.

2.Yancheng National Nature Reserve.

Area: 453,000 hectares.

Yancheng Wetland is known as "the Oriental Wetland, the City of Hundred Rivers", "the hometown of elk, the home of red-crowned cranes, and the cradle of Chinese sturgeons".

There are 43 endemic species in the reserve, mainly fish. There are 62 species endangered, including 46 species of birds. There are 12 species of wild animals under national first-class key protection, including red-crowned cranes, white-headed cranes, white cranes, oriental white storks, black storks, Chinese mergansers, great bustards, white-shouldered eagles, white-tailed sea eagles, and white sturgeonsThere are 67 species of wild animals under national second-class key protection, such as river muntjac, black-faced spoonbill, and whooper swan. Yancheng is the world's largest wintering ground for red-crowned cranes, with more than 1,200 red-crowned cranes wintering here every year, accounting for about 80% and 90% of the total number of red-crowned cranes in the world (1,600 cranes), and is known as the "second hometown of red-crowned cranes". Yancheng is also an important link connecting birds from different biological regions, an important stopover place for migratory birds from Northeast Asia and Australia, and an important wintering ground for waterfowl, with nearly 3 million shorebirds migrating through Yancheng every spring and autumn, and more than 200,000 waterfowl wintering in the reserve.

1.Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve.

Area: 740,000 hectares.

The fifth largest lake (the fourth largest freshwater lake) in China, the reserve is interlaced with lakes, rivers and grasslands, and a large area of reed swamps provides excellent habitat and breeding grounds for many rare birds. Therefore, the Dalai Lake and its wetland and grassland ecosystems are very rare in China. Spring in the reserve comes very late, opening the lake on April 25 at the earliest and May 15 at the latest. More than 2,000 square kilometers of the lake can be completely melted in a day.

Autumn and Winter Check-in Challenge

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