MiG-15 Biss came to China
The MiG-15 Biss is a jet front-line fighter imported from the Soviet Union by China in the early 50s of the 20th century, and was codenamed No. 43. In February 1952, the MiG-15 Bis was equipped with Soviet air force units in China to assist in air defense. April 5, 1952 *** called Stalin with a request to increase the import of MiG-15. On June 13, Stalin replied*** that he promised to supply 348 aircraft, all of which were new MiG-15 Bis. From August 23 to October 17, 1952, it was imported from Manchuria and Suifenhe land ports, and was equipped with six air divisions, of which the UmiG-15 training aircraft were also allocated in proportion to meet the needs of training pilots, and its establishment was the same as that of the MiG-15 troops. 10 In mid-December, the divisions successively completed the modification of the MiG-15 Biss and began to use it for operation. In May and October 1953, the second batch of 134 aircraft was imported, equipped with three air divisions, and in November 1954, 281 MiG-15 Bis of the Soviet Army were received in the Andong and Shenyang areas. In March 1955, it received 250 MiG-15 Bis of the Soviet Army in the Luda area. In 1952 and 1955, a total of 1,460 MiG-15 Bis were imported.
MiG-15 Biss in North Korea
In the later stage of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the MiG-15 Bis was the main equipment of the Air Force of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and the Soviet Air Force, and was regarded as the best aircraft on the Korean battlefield, basically canceling out the air superiority formed after the joint ** was replaced with the F-86F and was crushed"Strangling battles in the air", not only effectively cooperated with and supported the army operations, but also seized air supremacy in the sky south of Sinuiju to the Cheongchon River, which was called by the United **"MiG corridor"For quite a long time, enemy aircraft did not dare to easily enter this airspace.
MiG 15 Bis in the country
On October 1, 1953, the MiG-15 Bis participated in the National Day military parade for the first time, and then participated in the operation to liberate the coastal islands of Zhejiang. Beginning in March 1954, China's air force and navy took the MiG-15 bis as the main force and plunged into the battle to seize air supremacy in the waters of Dachen Island off the coast of Zhejiang. By the beginning of July, the two sides had fought 10 air battles, shooting down 11 Kuomintang air force planes and damaging 5. The MiG-15 Bis suffered 3 minor injuries. Among them, Cui Wei, deputy captain of the 6th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the Naval Aviation, and Jiang Kai, squadron leader, shot down two P-47N fighters of the Kuomintang Air Force in the waters off Dachen Island. It was the first of its kind in the naval aviation operations of the homeland.
On 18 January 1955, China's army, navy, and air force launched a joint operation against Yijiangshan Island. The Kuomintang Air Force was forced by the fact that the performance of the MiG-15 was far superior to that of its main fighters at that time, the P-47N and F-80, and did not dare to obstruct it, and the landing operation of our army on the island was progressing smoothly. In mid-1958, the People's Air Force and Naval Aviation entered Fujian for the first time to support the bombardment of Kinmen. Since some units had not yet been fully equipped with more advanced MiG-17s, a small number of MiG-15 Bis also took part in the battle. At this time, the main opponents of our army were the F-86F and F-84 fighters of the Kuomintang Air Force. The F-86F is equipped with the American AIM-9B"Rattlesnake"After the missiles, they wantonly invaded the three southeastern coastal provinces of our country. At 9:06 a.m. on 24 September, eight MiG-15 fighters of the 5th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the HNA and 8 fighters of the MiG-17 of the 6th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the HNA were dispatched to intercept them in two batches. The enemy launched an attack on us with "Sidewinder" missiles, and the 5th MiG-15 Bis regiment was not attacked by the enemy, but the MiG-17 of the 6th HNA Regiment was shot down by enemy missiles and died a heroic death. Since then, the MiG-15 Biss has participated in several air defense operations along the southeast coast. However, because we were already equipped with better MiG-17, J-5, MiG-19 and J-6 fighters, they were rarely pushed to the front line, and there were no more results in air combat with the US-Chiang fighters. However, due to its good maneuverability, it played an important role in night homeland air defense operations and achieved a lot of results.
Beginning in September 1960, in order to give full play to the role of the MiG-15 Bis and other daytime fighters equipped with it, the HNA invented the method of using Il-28 bombers to drop flares and fighters to attack, and set up a night lighting attack group. On May 9, 1961, the unit entered the battle for the first time, conducting an illumination attack over the Bohai Bay, but without success. Subsequently, the Chinese Air Force set up a lighting attack group (the 8th Brigade) with the 28th Regiment of the 10th Air Division, mainly the top pilots of each division, and successively carried out lighting attacks in Xuzhou on May 17, 1963 and in Guangxi on the night of March 17, 1964, but they did not achieve any results. By increasing the difficulty of training, improving the method of dropping bombs, and improving the elastic performance of the illumination, the illumination radius has reached 7 kilometers and the brightness has reached 36 million candles, ensuring that the MiG-15 Biss can successfully attack enemy reconnaissance planes flying at low altitudes at night. In order to find out the tactics of our army's attack under high night lighting, the US and Chiang Air Force repeatedly sent P2V7 and other reconnaissance planes to try to probe. On 11 June 1964, Chen Genfa, a pilot of the 5th Independent Brigade of the 4th Division of the Naval Aviation stationed in Liuting, Qingdao, piloted the MiG-15 Bis with the cooperation of the H-5 lighting plane piloted by Shi Zhenshan's crew"Magic cannon"The lighting method in the sky over Laicheng, Shandong Province, will be the 34th Squadron of the Kuomintang Air Force (ie"Black bats"Squadron) P-2V7U reconnaissance plane No. 5060 piloted by 14 people below Squadron Leader Sun Yichen was shot down. Later, four were found from the wreckage"Rattlesnake"missiles and 2 nuclear dust scouts. This is too"Black bats"The squadron's last loss on the mainland forced the US Chiang Air Force to terminate its in-depth and low-altitude reconnaissance of the hinterland of our mainland at night.
After the MiG-17 and the domestically produced Jian-5 were equipped with troops, the MiG-15 Bis was gradually converted into a reconnaissance aircraft and a training aircraft for aviation schools. In May 1956, 31 MiG-15 Bis planes were converted into photographic reconnaissance planes and equipped with the 1st and 2nd Regiments, replacing the MiG-15 reconnaissance planes originally equipped. On 23 September 1958, in order to cooperate with the artillery bombardment of Kinmen by the Chinese army and navy, six MiG-15 Bis reconnaissance planes of the 2nd Independent Regiment carried out photographic reconnaissance of the large and small Kinmen, but due to the formation and height, the shooting was not clear enough, so on the 25th, they again carried out photographic reconnaissance of the Kinmen area, obtained valuable first-hand information, and provided the artillery units with a detailed picture of the enemy's deployment. On 25 April 1966, the Air Force ordered the use of MiG-15 Bis reconnaissance planes to equip the 4th Regiment (later renamed the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment), and in 1968, the MiG-15 Bis reconnaissance planes were used to equip the 8th Regiment.
The gradual withdrawal of the MiG-15 biss
In 1959, in order to meet the training needs of aviation schools and troops, the Air Force decided to convert the MiG-15 Bis into a two-seat training aircraft. In July and November 1959, the Air Force successively approved two modification plans, and then began to be modified in batches. The modified machine is called the Umig 15 Bis, or Ubis for short.
Since the 60s, as the war readiness situation has requires, our air force has successively formed a number of aviation units. Due to the impact of the first grade, a large number of J-6 fighters have been returned to the factory for overhaul, and the performance of the J-7 has been unstable for a long time, and the delivery of new fighters is difficult to meet the needs of the troops. In this case, the Air Force decided to use the MiG-15 Biss as the equipment of the newly formed units. These units were fully or partially equipped with MiG-15 Bis, and it was not until the 70s when the production of J-6 and J-7 was on the right track that these MiG-15 Biss were gradually replaced.
In the early 60s, China imported from the Soviet Union 10 MiG-156NCM radio-controlled target aircraft (code name 8012 products, China used to use the code name) converted from the MiG-15 Biss"Unit 23"), also known as the M-15 radio-controlled target aircraft. The M-15 target aircraft was modified in 1956 from the Soviet Union's No. 4 scientific research range, and as an aerial target for the development of the first airborne computer targeting systems, the M-15 was equipped with an automatic device that could remotely control its flight and landing on the ground. Since the mid-50s, the M-15 and other decommissioned aircraft have been important unmanned target aircraft of the Soviet Air Force and the Territorial Defense Forces, used for troop training and scientific research target shooting.
In 1964, with the gradual development of China's multi-type air-to-air and surface-to-air missile testing and finalization, imported target aircraft were exhausted. In order to solve the problem of large target aircraft for domestic testing and training, it was decided to use the M-15 target aircraft as a model to convert the existing MiG-15 Biss into a target aircraft for missile targeting"Target"-5 B's code. The Air Force instructed that 9 factories and 1 institute set up a production line for imitation of target aircraft, and converted the MiG-15 Bis into a manned and unmanned medium- and high-altitude target aircraft. At the beginning of 1966, the imitation target aircraft successfully flew and was named the target aircraft 5B. The aircraft retains various types of on-board equipment due to the requirement to retain manned capabilities. In order to ensure safety, the prototype used for modification should have a total flight time of less than 800 hours, and should be returned to the factory for refurbishment and test flight before modification. However, it was found that the aircraft had some serious problems: First, because the MiG-15 Biss was still in active service at that time, the aircraft was limited, and it was difficult to modify it with a large number of retired aircraftSecond, after the modification, it is necessary to carry out more than a dozen to dozens of sorties of test flights under manual or manual supervision, and the air adjustment is complex and difficult, the preparation period is long, the cost is large, and the safety is difficult to guaranteeThird, due to the unstable performance of automatic deviation correction, it often rushes out of the runway during automatic take-off. In the end, only 10 Target 5B unmanned target aircraft were produced.
After the equipment of the fighter aviation unit was updated and the Il-10 aircraft of the strike aviation unit were gradually decommissioned, the MiG-15 Bis began to be converted into a strike aircraft. On 22 April 1965, it was decided to convert the firing sights of the MiG-15 Bis aircraft of the Strike Aircraft Unit into a firing and bombing sight. In December 1972, the last two Il-10 assault aviation regiments were converted into MiG-15 Bis. On August 28, 1986, the General Staff approved the retirement of the MiG-15 Bis, thus completing its journey in China. Many museums, patriotic education bases, junior military academies and parks are now on public display.