The mechanism of action and drug description of various hypoglycemic drugs
Metformin: inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Reduces hepatic glucose output and increases glucose uptake and utilization in muscle and adipose tissues.
Inhibits and delays intestinal absorption of glucose.
A-glycosidase inhibitors.
Inhibit the degradation of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and double ponds, reduce and delay the absorption of polysaccharides.
SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Decreases glucose reabsorption in the kidneys and increases urinary glucose and sodium excretion.
Thiazolidinediones.
Activates PPAR- nuclear receptors.
Increases the sensitivity of liver, muscle, and adipose tissues to insulin.
GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors.
Suppress appetite and reduce food intake.
Stimulates cells to secrete insulin and inhibits A-cells from secreting glucagon.
Delay gastric emptying and inhibit gastrointestinal peristalsis.
Sulfonylureas, meglitinides.
Stimulates the secretion of insulin by pancreatic islet cells.
Medication explanation: Avoid drinking alcohol while taking metformin (ethanol can cause hypoglycemia and increase the risk of metformin lactic acidosis. It is also necessary to check for vitamin B12 deficiency), especially in patients with anemia or neuropathy.
A-glucosidase inhibitors, it is recommended that patients should swallow before meals or take with the first few bites of food.
Sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs, and avoid drinking alcohol during the drug (which can cause severe fatal hypoglycemia).
Glitzoid hypoglycemic drugs;When taking meglitinides, it should be noted that the action time of meglitinides is short-lived, and the drug is taken with meals.
Thiazolidinediones, ECG checked regularly (thiazolidinediones increase the risk of heart failure, so special attention is needed).
DPP-4 inhibitors, which cause great damage to the own pancreas, can cause acute pancreatitis. If you experience persistent, severe abdominal pain, seek medical attention immediately.
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