Wen Li Yue (Jiangsu Institute of Quality and Standardization).
**When participating in the deliberations of the Jiangsu delegation at the first session of the 14th National People's Congress, the general secretary stressed that high-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. We must completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, and always grasp, measure and promote development with the internal unity of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharingWe must better coordinate the effective improvement of quality and the reasonable growth of quantity, and always adhere to the quality first.
First, the benefit first, vigorously enhance the quality awareness, depending on the quality of life, to the pursuit of high quality;We must unswervingly deepen reform and opening up, deeply transform the mode of development, promote quality reform with efficiency and power change, and accelerate the formation of a sustainable and high-quality development system and mechanismWe must take meeting the people's growing needs for a better life as the starting point and end point, continuously transform the fruits of development into quality of life, and constantly enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness and security.
The quality of consumer goods is related to the improvement of people's livelihood and well-being, the sustained growth of consumption, and the upgrading of economic quality and efficiency. Improving the quality pass rate of consumer goods and promoting the upgrading of the quality of consumer goods is a powerful starting point for implementing the important instructions and requirements of the general secretary on quality work, meeting the people's growing needs for a better life, and promoting the sharing of quality reform achievements by the people.
1. Definition and calculation of the qualified rate of consumer product quality
In order to accurately assess the development level, main characteristics and changing trends of consumer goods quality, and to provide data, policy support and practical basis for improving the quality of consumer goods and revitalizing the real economy, the state has established a statistical survey system for the quality pass rate of consumer goods, and the market supervision departments at all levels shall organize and carry out statistical surveys in accordance with the actual situation, and the statistical period is generally one year.
According to the Statistical Survey System for Product Quality Qualification Rate (Guotong System 2021 No. 176) formulated by the State Administration for Market Regulation and approved by the National Bureau of Statistics, the quality pass rate of consumer goods refers to the percentage of samples judged to be qualified for quality sampling testing in accordance with the prescribed methods, procedures and standards. The classification of consumer goods corresponds to 24 industry categories and 234 industry sub-categories in the manufacturing industry in the "National Economic Industry Classification and **" (GB T4754-2017), mainly including 15 categories such as grain, oil, food, beverages, tobacco and alcohol, clothing, shoes, hats and knitted textiles, cosmetics, gold, silver and jewelry, daily necessities, household appliances and audio-visual equipment, Chinese and Western medicines, cultural and office supplies, furniture, communication equipment, petroleum and products, automobiles, construction and decoration materials. The survey adopts the principle of place of production, taking into account the field of production and the field of distribution in sampling, and the sampling method includes obtaining samples from manufacturers and purchasing samples from physical stores or online shopping channels. In addition to the sampling survey data, the data of product quality supervision and random inspection (including food and drug supervision and random inspection) are generally supplemented to further improve the scientificity and accuracy of the calculation results. As an important part of the national or regional macro quality evaluation system, the statistical survey results are an important basis for formulating quality policies at all levels and carrying out special assessments of quality work.
Second, the main problems existing in the quality of current consumer goods
**. Attach great importance to the improvement of the quality of consumer goods, and promote it as an important part of promoting the supply-side structural reform and building a quality power. In recent years, the overall level of quality of consumer goods in China has been rising, the standards of major consumer goods are basically in line with international standards, the quality of smart toilet seats, rice cookers and other products that have received widespread attention from the society has been effectively improved, and the product quality competitiveness of smart phones, automobiles and other fields has been significantly enhanced, which strongly supports the improvement of people's living standards. However, on the whole, there is still a certain gap between the quality level of consumer goods and the people's needs for a better life, and the quality and safety of consumer goods are still relatively prominent. The specific performance is as follows.
First, the quality of some consumer goods is not high. The market demand for consumer goods is huge, the competition for product homogenization is fierce, and some enterprises ignore the quality of the product in the production process for the sake of small profits and quick turnover, reduce costs and increase profits, coupled with their own lack of quality and technical capabilities, and some facilities and equipment are obsolete and aging, resulting in some key quality indicators being unqualified. There are also some enterprises with poor awareness of standards and inadequate implementation standards, resulting in products that fail to meet the current newer and higher technical requirements and have quality problems. In recent years, the statistical survey and supervision and random inspection data of the quality pass rate of consumer goods show that the pass rate of products in the fields of furniture manufacturing, clothing manufacturing, children's toys, decoration and building materials is relatively low, and there is still a large gap between the reliability and technical level indicators of some products and similar foreign products.
Second, the quality and safety of consumer goods are still relatively prominent. Quality violations and violations occur from time to time, enterprises and consumers react strongly to infringement and counterfeiting, and there are still many complaints and reports about quality problems. News reports such as excessive chemicals in student supplies, safety risks in children's clothing, rotting and deterioration of prefabricated dishes, and spontaneous combustion of electric vehicles have aroused widespread concern in the society. Online shopping complaints continue to occur frequently, and the problem of using Internet platforms to produce and sell counterfeit and shoddy products occurs from time to time. New formats and new models such as gift blind boxes and "ten-yuan stores" have brought new risks, and some goods are seriously homogeneous and of uneven quality. There is a gap between the overall level of product quality in rural areas and urban-rural areas and urban areas, and the quality and safety risks cannot be ignored.
Third, the supply structure of consumer goods is not reasonable enough. On the one hand, the supply of most physical commodities is greater than the demand, on the other hand, the supply of characteristic physical commodities, quality physical commodities and service commodities, and experience commodities are in short supply, and the supply of personalized and high-end commodities is insufficient, and the demand for quality consumption has not been fully met. Some mid-to-high-end consumers choose to consume overseas, and the phenomenon of "demand spillover" still exists. The new consumer groups represented by the post-90s and post-00s pay more attention to quality brands, but there are not enough well-known brands in the domestic market to meet such consumer needs, and the brand competitiveness is not strong enough.
3. Several channels to improve the quality pass rate of consumer goods
Improving the quality pass rate of consumer products is a complex system engineering. In the face of the new situation, new tasks and new requirements, it is necessary to break the traditional thinking and inertial thinking, better integrate the forces of enterprises, society, technical institutions and other parties, implement comprehensive policies and multi-pronged measures, and promote the implementation of a series of deployments on the improvement of the quality of consumer goods in the "Outline for the Construction of a Quality Power".
First, it is necessary to earnestly enhance ideological understanding and political standing. Thoroughly implement the spirit of the general secretary's series of important expositions on quality work, fully understand the importance of improving the qualification rate of consumer goods, and take improving the quality of consumer goods as an important task to smooth the domestic cycle, promote domestic and international dual circulation, and comprehensively promote consumption. Improve the supply structure, strengthen the adaptability and flexibility of the supply of consumer goods to changes in demand, improve consumer satisfaction, and promote the solution of the problem of incomplete match between supply and demand.
The second is to thoroughly implement the action of improving the quality of consumer goods. Improve relevant policies and measures, guide enterprises to improve the quality of R&D, design and production, promote the transformation of the quality of consumer goods from production-side compliance to consumption-side adaptation, and promote the increase of varieties, quality improvement, and brand creation. Use the results of statistical surveys to focus on key areas such as home decoration, clothing and apparel, "one old and one small" or key areas with low pass rates, concentrate on quality improvement, and strive to achieve practical results that can be felt by the masses. Taking the e-commerce furniture industry in Suining County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province as an example, the local government has integrated the strength of **, enterprises and technical institutions to carry out the quality improvement action of e-commerce furniture for 4 consecutive years, and increased the overall pass rate of related product supervision and random inspection from 55% in 2019 to 81% in 2023, effectively promoting the high-quality development of the industry.
The third is to continuously strengthen the supervision of the quality and safety of consumer goods. Accelerate the formulation of a catalogue for the supervision of the quality and safety of consumer goods, explore the establishment of a national linkage spot check mechanism, implement hierarchical and categorical supervision, increase the supervision of the implementation of mandatory national standards, and strengthen the handling of the results of supervision and spot checks to ensure effective deterrence. Strengthen risk monitoring and risk assessment, establish a rapid early warning system and a quality and safety traceability system, and accurately identify quality risks of consumer products in advance. Intensify the crackdown on counterfeit and shoddy products in key areas such as urban and rural areas and rural areas, as well as online e-commerce platforms, and earnestly safeguard the vital interests of the broad masses of the people.
Fourth, comprehensively strengthen the basic support of quality. Accelerate the upgrading of consumer goods quality standards, implement the "same line, same standard and same quality" of domestic and foreign products, and lead the quality upgrading of consumer goods with advanced standards. Promote the "one-stop" service model of measurement, standards, certification and accreditation, inspection and testing, organize technical institutions to carry out quality comparison, quality research, defect elimination and other activities, and provide technical solutions for quality improvement. Give full play to the role of quality award selection, chief quality officer and other systems, and guide more enterprises to use advanced management technologies and methods such as lean manufacturing, total quality management, and excellent performance to improve the quality management level of enterprises.
Fifth, we should further unite the joint force of co-governance. Taking the implementation of the "Outline for the Construction of a Quality Power" as an opportunity, we will promote the best departments at all levels to strengthen cooperation in the fields of consumer goods quality improvement, supervision and law enforcement, and credit supervision, increase investment in the quality management of consumer goods, and promote the implementation of various tasks. Give full play to the role of industry associations, chambers of commerce, societies and consumer organizations as bridges, optimize technical services such as standard formulation, brand building, and quality management, and promote industry quality, integrity, and self-discipline. Strengthen the publicity and guidance of consumer product quality knowledge, improve the complaint and reporting mechanism for consumer product quality problems, regularly carry out consumer product quality comparative tests and consumer surveys, and release the results to the public, and mobilize more social forces to participate in supervision.
Sixth, focus on strengthening brand building and typical demonstration. Promote high-end quality certification, explore the cultivation of consumer goods and the creation of well-known brands, and cultivate a number of high-quality, highly competitive and internationally renowned consumer products. Crack down on brand counterfeiting, trademark infringement and other illegal acts in accordance with the law, and create a good environment for the development of high-quality brand enterprises. Focus on key consumer goods industries and industrial agglomeration areas, select a number of consumer goods quality improvement demonstration and leading projects, build a number of quality brand promotion demonstration areas, form a number of replicable and promotable advanced experience, and refine the effective consumer goods quality improvement model.
Seventh, we should be good at learning from the advanced experience of developed countries. Focusing on the construction of a new development pattern, we should fully learn from the mature experience of developed countries such as the European Union and the United States in the supervision of consumer goods, accelerate the improvement of relevant legal foundations, establish a comprehensive and efficient consumer product quality and safety risk assessment mechanism, accelerate the construction of a unified national consumer goods information platform, improve the quality information feedback and information disclosure mechanism, vigorously expand the channels for obtaining consumer product quality information, and efficiently integrate, Make full use of the resources of third-party testing institutions, pay attention to the role and power of consumers and the market, and comprehensively promote the innovation of consumer product quality supervision mechanisms.
Eighth, give full play to the role of defective product recall institutions. Strengthen the collection and monitoring of defect clues, improve the ability to analyze, identify and respond quickly, expand the coverage of key product defect investigation and recall implementation, and urge enterprises to earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of product safety. For new formats and products such as smart homes and connected terminal products, we will actively explore online and offline consumer defect investigation models. Carry out risk assessment and quality diagnosis for key industrial chains and industrial clusters related to consumer goods, promote the solution of common product defects, help enterprises eliminate potential product safety hazards, and improve product quality.