During the late Qing Dynasty and **, the changes and movements of the old and new societies were surging, many people in the Jiaodong area devoted themselves to the revolution, looking for the road to a rich country and a strong army, and the situation created heroes, Yantai Qixia area produced many celebrities in this change, like Xie Hongtao, Ma Qiuyi, Yu Hongqi, are all celebrities of that era, especially Xie Hongtao and Ma Qiuyi, in order to seek ways to save the country, strategies, went east to Japan to study, and after returning to China, actively participated in the country's political, economic, and cultural construction, which can be called a legend.
Ma Qiuyi comes from the Ma family in Majiayao Village, Tingkou Town, Qixia, which is very famous in the central area of Qixia and is known as the "Ma Family Official Family". At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Ma family moved to this place from Shangmajiahe Village (now belonging to Shewobo Town), where they made a living by firing kilns, so they were named Majiayao. Later, after many generations of hard work, the Ma family owned a lot of local land, in the process of going south and north to do business, broadened their horizons, especially attached importance to children's education, and finally, in the Qing Dynasty Guangxu period of the family out of a scholar Ma Guifang, so that the family entered the local gentry class. "Qixia County Chronicles" records: Ma Guifang, Guangxu Bingzike (Guangxu 2nd year, 1876) Juren, Ding Chouke (Guangxu 3rd year, 1877) Jinshi. After being admitted to the Jinshi, Ma Guifang obtained the official vacancy of "Instant Zhixian County".
Qing Shilu recorded: "Ma Guifang ......It will be distributed to all provinces by lottery by the Ministry of Officials, so that the county can be used immediately". Through the drawing of lots, Ma Guifang was assigned to Fujian (the Qing Dynasty magistrate could not serve in this province). In the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), the magistrate of Yilan County (in the northeastern part of Taiwan Island) under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province was vacant. After He Jing, then the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, reported: "The post of the magistrate of Yilan County is vacant, and Ma Guifang, the magistrate of Yilan County, can be appointed to act as the seal of Yilan County". However, there is very little information about Ma Guifang in the historical books, and there is no detailed resume.
Qixia dwellings. Ma Guifang was born as a scholar and attached great importance to the education of his children, and when he was the magistrate of Yilan County, he carried out education and education in Yilan, which was praised by the people. When she was in Yilan County, Ma Guifang also brought her 10-year-old daughter Ma Suzhen (later renamed Ma Qiuyi) with her to broaden her horizons and gain experience, which was very rare at that time. Ma Suzhen, born on September 8 in the ninth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1870), was influenced by his father and received a good education, especially when he lived in Taiwan for three years, he looked at the sea and the territory and broadened his horizons, so he was enlightened and quite assertive.
Ma Guifang was not only a jinshi, but also a magistrate, and was the leading figure of Qixia at that time, so he would naturally marry other prominent families in Qixia. 's daughter Ma Suzhen reached the age of marriage, and through some selection, she married Xie Hongtao of Xingjiazhuang Village, Tingkou Town, not far from her hometown. Later, his grandson Ma Jiyao married the daughter of the Dumu family in Guzhen. Xie Hongtao, whose name is dusty, was born in 1873 in Xingjiazhuang Village, Tingkou Town, Qixia County, in a family of enlightened gentry with a solid family and a family of poetry and books. After getting married, the husband and wife both yearn for new learning, focusing on the way to save the country and make the country prosperous.
In 1904, Xie Hongtao, who was full of ambition to serve the country, went east to Japan with his wife Ma Suzhen and studied at Waseda University. At that time, Xie Hongtao was 31 years old and Ma Suzhen was 34 years old, and couples of this age both went abroad to study. This like-minded couple came from a closed and backward land at that time to a foreign university full of talents, where they received a new type of education and opened their eyes. Soon they got acquainted with a group of people with lofty ideals who studied in Japan, such as Xiangyu Hongqi, Huangxian Xu Jingxin, Rizhao Ding Weifen and so on. In 1905, Sun Yat-sen founded the China League in Tokyo, Japan. Xie Hongtao and his wife, Yu Hongqi, Xu Jingxin, Ding Weifen and other 53 people became the first batch of members, actively participated in the anti-Qing revolutionary activities led by Sun Yat-sen, and Xie Hongtao was also one of the main members of the Shandong League.
Xu Jingxin. During her study in Japan, Ma Suzhen had great respect for Qiu Jin, who joined the Zhejiang main league at the same time and served as the propaganda and evaluation work of the women's department and the evaluation department. Soon, Qiu Jin, who was chivalrous and courageous, became the comrade-in-arms of Xie Hongtao and his wife who talked about everything. Qiu Jin founded the "Tianzu Club" to promote women's rights and women's studies, and Xie Hongtao and his wife actively supported them. In November 1905, Japan** promulgated the "Rules for the Prohibition of Qing Dynasty Students in Japan". Qiu Jin was extremely angry, and immediately called on Chinese students to strike with her close friends, but it didn't play much role, so she resolutely decided to return to China and called on Chinese students studying in Japan to return to China**. Xie Hongtao and his wife deeply agreed, and made an appointment with them to "set up a school to advocate revolution" after returning to China. At the end of 1905, Xie Hongtao and his wife bid farewell to Waseda University and returned to China by boat.
After returning to China, Qiu Jin and Yi Benxi founded the China Public School in Shanghai, and then founded the "China Women's Daily" and presided over the Shaoxing Datong School, etc., to publicize women's liberation and encourage revolution. At the same time, Xie Hongtao and his wife contacted Xu Jingxin, Zou Bingshou and others, who studied in Japan, to establish Dongmu Public School in Yantai. The funds for the school were raised by Xie Hongtao and his wife, and almost all the teachers hired were revolutionaries. Dongmu Public School is a school externally, and internally, it has become the contact point for the members of the China League to travel from south to north, and has actually become the center of the Jiaodong Revolution. In order to further expand their influence, Xie Hongtao and his wife founded the "Duanben Girls' School". In the case of financial constraints, Ma Suzhen did not hesitate to sell the part of the family property left to her by her father, as well as personal jewelry and dowry, for academic purposes. After the successful establishment of the girls' school, the couple each ran a school, and worked together to forge ahead. Mr. Zhang Taiyan once wrote an article praising her: "When Mrs. was first suitable for Mr. Shi, she was very well equipped, and later set up schools and sought initiatives, all of which were sold to give her a gift. The recovery was successful, and the couple were not equal. ”
Yantai Xie Hongtao's former residence.
In 1907, Qiu Jin and Xu Xilin planned the simultaneous uprising in Zhejiang and Anhui. Due to intelligence leakage, Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin** took justice. Xie Hongtao and his wife were indignant about this. Ma Suzhen changed her name to "Ma Qiuyi" from then on, in order to show her admiration for the image of a model and the revolutionary spirit of inheriting Qiu Jin's legacy and being determined to continue to struggle. Because the revolutionary position opened up by Xie Hongtao and the revolutionaries in Yantai was growing day by day, causing panic and hostility among the authorities, Xie Hongtao and others were listed as key figures in the arrest of the rebellious party, and Xie Hongtao was forced to take refuge in Weixian (now Weifang City). Although the couple was out of danger, the two schools they had worked so hard to build were forced to close.
After Xie Hongtao and his wife arrived in Weixian, they taught at Guangwen Academy and Chongshi Girls' School respectively. In October 1911 (August of the Xinhai year of the lunar calendar), the news of the Wuchang Uprising reached Weixian, Xie Hongtao was greatly encouraged, and he said to his wife: "The Qing court is overthrown, and it should be rushed to its end!"So the husband and wife immediately packed up and rushed to Jinan with their daughters Lan Wan and Lan Xin to participate in Shandong independence activities. On November 12, more than 50 members of the alliance secretly gathered in Lixia Pavilion of Daming Lake in Jinan, decided to establish a security association, and elected Xie Hongtao as the president. A few days later, Wuchang sent a telegram inviting independent provinces to send representatives to discuss the establishment of the country, and Xie Hongtao set off to the south as a representative of Shandong. He first went to Wuchang and then to Shanghai, where on December 29 he attended a meeting to elect Mr. Sun Yat-sen as the Provisional Congress of China. Three days later, he attended the inauguration ceremony of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing.
However, at that time, the people could not control the domestic situation, Xie Hongtao left Shandong to go to Wuchang to discuss the establishment of a national republic**, the Qing court relict Sun Baoqi took the opportunity to announce the cancellation of Shandong independence, and the revolutionaries were vigorously searched and arrested, and the dark cloud of terror once again shrouded the provincial capital Jinan. At this time, Yantai followed in the footsteps of the Wuchang Uprising, changed its banners, and achieved remarkable results. So Xie Hongtao recommended that the Shandong Army headed by Hu Ying be formally established in Yantai. Xie Hongtao and Xu Jingxin also served as senior advisors to the Governor's Office. Yantai Army ** start-up, weak financial resources, difficult operation. Ma Qiuyi came forward to launch a women's national donation campaign to raise funds. Under her mobilization, her younger brother Ma Baolan sold a village house, hundreds of acres of land and mountains to support the new army.
* Two months after its establishment, Mr. Sun Yat-sen gave way to Yuan Shikai on the condition of "abdication of the Qing Emperor". Yuan Shikai took the opportunity to announce the banning of the Kuomintang and the dissolution of the National Assembly. The members of the League set off a "second revolution", but it quickly failed. Xie Hongtao had no choice but to leave Nanjing and avoid trouble in Jinan. At the end of 1913, when he saw his old friend Yu Hongqi, he exclaimed negatively, "Everything is a dream, and the wind and dust are servants". Yu Hongqi (1877-1940), the name Fanting, was a native of Qinghekou Village, Qixia Lianjiazhuang, Yantai. In 1902, he entered the Beijing Normal University to study Xi, studied in Japan in 1905, and joined the League founded by Sun Yat-sen in Japan with Xu Jingxin and Xie Hongtao in the same year. In 1909, he was appointed secretary of the Shandong Provincial Consultative Bureau. After the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, he participated in the Yanli Movement. In 1912, he served as an adviser to Hu Ying, the governor of Shandong, and a member of the provisional ** Senate in Nanjing. In 1913 he was a member of the House of Representatives. In 1915, he participated in the Yuan debate. In 1917, he was a member of the House of Representatives of the National Assembly. In 1924, he founded Yantai Xianzhi Middle School and served as the principal. In 1928, he served as the secretary general of Jiangsu Province, and in 1931, he served as a member of the Supervisory Yuan of the Nanjing Kuomintang, and died of illness in October 1940.
Yu Hongqi. On March 22, 1916, Yuan Shikai was forced to cancel the imperial system and restore the "China **" era name. In June, Yuan Shikai died of illness. In 1922, in the election of the third parliament of Shandong Province of the Kuomintang, Xie Hongtao was nominated as a candidate for speaker of the parliament as a veteran. In order to win the election, he supported the "Temple of Heaven" faction (the Shandong Provincial Assembly was divided into four factions at the time) to canvass votes for himself. As a result, Xie Hongtao was defeated. Subsequently, Cao Kun, who relied on bribery to become a big ** position, wanted Xie Hongtao for "bribery".
In 1925, Dr. Sun Yat-sen died of illness. Within the Kuomintang, the national situation became more complicated and sinister, and Xie Hongtao had no choice but to retreat to his hometown with his family and pass the time by chanting poetry and playing the piano. Because of the open and secret struggle between the old and new factions of the Kuomintang at that time, Xie Hongtao had to move to Yantai and live at No. 12 Erma Road East. For more than ten years after that, he and his wife Ma Qiuyi mainly engaged in charity and other public welfare undertakings. The couple successively became the main members of the Yantai Red Cross Society, with Xie as the president, Ma as the director and the director of Zhifu Women's High School. Xie Hongtao is also busy preparing for orphanages, nursing homes and other charities, playing the pipa, guqin, writing poems, and practicing calligraphy in his spare time.
After the "77 Incident" in 1937, Yantai fell. Due to his advanced age and large family, Xie Hongtao could not move out for refuge, so he could only live in seclusion. When the Japanese learned of his social prestige and background in Japan, they visited him repeatedly and asked him to come out to do things. At that time, the Xie family's economy had long been cut off, and the family of nine was extremely poor, but Xie Hongtao resolutely refused the invitation of the Japanese because of illness. Since then, Xie Hongtao and his wife have not asked about political affairs, but led the family to grow vegetables and raise chickens around the house, cut down on food and clothing, and spent eight years with difficulty.
Qixia dwellings. At this time, Ma Qiuyi's mother's family also lived a very poor life because of the repeated funding of their husband and wife to run schools and make revolutions. Fortunately, there is still a lot of land at home, and dozens of people from three generations live in the same compound, which is headed by Ma Baolan's wife, who is shrewd and capable, and takes care of such a large family from the inside to the outside in a clear and well-organized manner. The whole family respects each other, lives in harmony, has a harmonious neighborhood relationship, works at sunrise and rests at sunset, and lives a pastoral life of male farmers and female weavers. Majiayao is located in the deep mountains, far away from the hustle and bustle, because the place is remote, so it can get a short recuperation in the war and chaos. The Ma family is very industrious, they can't grow the fields themselves, and they also hire hired workers. In 1947, the local area entered a special period of land reform, after all, the reputation of the Ma family's official family was not in vain, and the people of ten miles and eight townships had already coveted this family, discussing how to drive their people away, and then share the fruits of victory. Just when the Lunar New Year was celebrated this year, everyone saw that the door of this family had been hidden in the past few days, and no one was moving, which was very suspicious, so someone tried to enter the courtyard and found that there was a pot of freshly cooked rice in the kitchen pot, and the bedding on the kang had not yet been folded, as if the owner had just gotten up to start cooking.
It turned out that the old lady of the family saw that the situation was not good, so she secretly led her family to flee unnoticed. Everyone was overjoyed and rushed to divide things, but just as people lifted the old lady's pillow, everyone was surprised to find a small scale below, what was it for?Those who are familiar with the inside story have revealed the mystery of this rod scale—it turns out that this rod scale is used to weigh grain when cooking. The best food in the family is eaten by hired workers, followed by Ma Baolan, and then by sons and daughters-in-law, because they have to do heavy work, and the grandchildren can also be properly better, because they are growing up, and the worst is this old lady, because she does not go out to work, only cooks. Everyone's meal is weighed every day, specially made, everyone's meal is everyone's, so that you can only eat enough, there is no leftover, and every day, every year, the amount and quality of different people's meals are different, everyone was stunned, originally thought that the ancestor was an official, and the Ma family official family who was rich in the eyes of everyone must have obtained a lot of ill-gotten wealth to initiate, but now it seems that it is just a careful calculation to accumulate between the teeth, and everyone's anger has disappeared.
Yantai dwellings. The old lady led the family away silently, and at that time there was a son and daughter-in-law who left relatives and did not return, and they could only save the big head immediately, so after the son and daughter-in-law came back, everyone drove them to live in two broken grass houses at the edge of the village, but soon after they also disappeared mysteriously like the old lady, where they went, it is still a mystery, it may be that they fled to the south with Ma Qiuyi and others. In ancient times, the salary was limited, like a Qipin county official in the middle of the Ming Dynasty with an annual salary of only 45 taels of silver, and many civil officials in the late Qing Dynasty could not even afford to buy clothes, so they could only wear clothes painted on paper to go to the court, but they were influenced by the Confucian idea of loyalty to the monarch and never dared to **. Once you leave office, you don't have a pension, you rely on your savings for many years, and once you spend it, you will be destitute, and some even live on the streets, begging for a living. Ma Guifang of the Ma family is just a county magistrate, and he is still working in poor Yilan, with a limited salary, and his descendants subsidize Xie Hongtao and Ma Qiuyi to run schools and make revolutions, and it is difficult for the family to have too much savings, so we will understand why the Ma family lives so low-key and frugal on weekdays.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the domestic situation was turbulent, and the urban area of Yantai was not very peaceful, so Xie Hongtao had no choice but to return to the old house of Xingjiazhuang with his family. In 1947, when the land reform was carried out, the early experience of their husband and wife brought great risks to them, some people in the village thought that this ** veteran had held many official positions, and in his later years, he also presided over the work of the Red Cross branch in Qixia and Yantai, and there was still a lot of land in the village, employing a few long-term workers to work, and there must be a lot of gold and silver treasures at home, so he must be defeated and the fruits of victory by the way. However, at that time, the Chinese New Year was about to begin, and the initiators thought that they were too busy to run them, so they let them eat the New Year's dumplings first, and then fix them after the New Year. Xie Hongtao is a person who has been through the wind and rain for a long time, and he has a good understanding of the situation. On the afternoon of the thirtieth day of the Chinese New Year's Eve, the Xie family's old mansion was pasted with couplets early, and the hall house was also placed with tribute, and the entire mansion was lit up in the evening, beaming with joy, without a trace of abnormality.
Early the next morning, everyone found that the Xie family's old house was still brightly lit, but it was silent, people pushed open the door of Xie's old house in confusion, only to see the mules in the old mansion stables quietly eating the grass in the manger, entering the house, and finding that the Chinese New Year's Eve meals inside were all placed on the kang, but did not move a single chopstick, and the entire house was quiet and empty. Someone patted his thigh and shouted, "It's broken, it's broken, let them run." "It turned out that the local custom was that they could not go out in the middle of the night before the Chinese New Year's Eve, and the Xie family took advantage of this gap to avoid surveillance and escape. In the Chinese New Year's Eve, heavy snowfall fell in the Qixia area, and the family fled in a hurry despite the heavy snow, and it is said that because of the firecrackers, the dog did not bark that night, so no one noticed.
Yantai Port. The head of the village hurriedly ran to the west road of the village, and found that there were a few series of footprints going north, he and others thought that the Xie family still had a house in Yantai, and they must have gone to Yantai, and then took a boat from Yantai Port to other places, so the village immediately organized a large group of people to run to Yantai Port to arrest them back. Xie Hongtao and his entourage ran nearly 100 miles in the snow after a night of travel, and came to Yantai, they did not go to the old house in Yantai, but went straight to Yantai Port and immediately bought the only ticket to Shanghai at one o'clock in the afternoon, and then everyone waited in the waiting room for the moment of boarding.
In the afternoon, a group of people from the village who came to chase them ran to Yantai Port out of breath, only to see a pair of shoes left on the platform of Yantai Port, some people recognized that this was the shoes that Xie Hongtao usually wears, looked up into the distance, a ship on the dock to Shanghai was sailing with its horn, just leaving the port and sailing into the distance, everyone suddenly hung their heads and shouted: "It's over, it's over, this old fox, let him run." After the Xie family fled, soon the other relatives of the family also abandoned their homes and businesses, quietly followed them to Shanghai, and never returned. The situation between them and Majiayao is basically the same, and it is the same day, which may be what they discussed with each other. Although some local families surnamed Xie now say that they have an immediate family relationship with Xie Hongtao, in fact, they can't reach people with the same surname for 800 poles, just thinking about putting some gold on their faces.
Yantai seaside. The pursuers in the village pounced and had to return to the village in despair. But the people in the village were jubilant, because this time they could justifiably share the fruits of victory, of course, there were cadres with heads and faces who robbed their own homes of all the good things, and let others pick and choose the tatters that they didn't want. Some people feel that Xie Hongtao is cheap, and they will make him stink if they run away. So a few people ran to a village more than ten miles away, because a family here married Xie Hongtao's daughter. Someone came to tell you that you may have been deceived by the Xie family, you are not his daughter, you were bought by him as a girl since you were a child, and you are specially serving the young master and sister in their family, you have to accuse him and beat and abuse you.
The woman looked suspicious and denied it directly, saying that they were my parents, that they had never abused me, that several sisters in our family had the same amount of food and clothing, and that the dowry I married was no different from that of other sisters, and I didn't think it was bought by others, and I didn't know that there was such a thing. Everyone worked hard to enlighten her, but they didn't change the woman's mind, so they could only say stupidly: "If it weren't for the fact that she was a bought maid, she would have pulled out her criticism meeting a long time ago, and dared to talk to us like this." Only then did the woman know that she was not the biological daughter of the Xie family. In fact, she was not bought by the Xie family to serve as a maid, but an orphan they adopted, who was raised and married as their biological daughter.
Several leaders still felt unrelenting, so they returned to the village and mobilized several long-term workers in the village and outside the village to work for the Xie family, let them remember the bittersweet memories, and taught them how to accuse the Xie family of cruel abuse and exploitation of them out of nothing. Unexpectedly, the long-term workers denied it, saying that we were not abused and exploited, saying that there was no shortage of good wages every year, and that the good food at home was made for us to eat, and the old ladies at home could only eat the scum every day because of insufficient food, saying that the long-term workers did not eat well and had no strength to work, and we could not talk nonsense with a clear conscience. The leaders scolded angrily, a group of guys who are not progressive in their thinking, they are sold by others and count the money for others, they deserve to be the ones who carry the goods for generations, and their thinking is too backward. Because the bewitchment has always been unsuccessful, this matter can only end hastily and go home to enjoy the fruits of victory.
After all, Xie Hongtao and his wife were both veterans of the Kuomintang, and they had a large number of protégés and old friends, and some people revealed his whereabouts in later articles. He came to Shanghai by ship and went to his daughter, after all, he had been in Shanghai for a long time during the revolution, and many situations were more familiar. After that, the situation in Shanghai was not optimistic, and they moved to Suzhou to settle down, and in 1954, Xie Hongtao died of illness in Suzhou at the age of 81. After Xie Hongtao's death, his daughter also donated the pipa he used to Shanghai ** College. In 1960, 90-year-old Ma Qiuyi died of illness in Suzhou, and neither of them returned to their hometown until their death.