Friends who have watched "The Legend of the Condor Heroes" may be no stranger to the names of the two brothers, Yang Kang and Guo JingAnd Yue Fei's words "Man Jianghong" "Jingkang is ashamed, it is still not snowing, the courtiers hate, when will it be destroyed" all point to the catastrophe of the Han nation, the eternal heart disease of the Song Dynasty - the change of Jingkang.
The events took place between 1126 and 1127 AD. The Jingkang Revolution refers to the late Northern Song Dynasty, when the Jin ** team went south to capture the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing (today's Kaifeng City), and captured Song Huizong, Song Qinzong's father and son, and a large number of Zhao royal family, harem concubines, Guiqing, courtiers and other more than 3,000 people. The Jingkang Revolution not only marked the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, but also a famous national tragedy in Chinese history, which had a profound impact on Chinese history. Therefore, it is also called the rebellion of Jingkang, the difficulty of Jingkang, and the shame of Jingkang. So where is the shame ---shame" of Jingkang?
I think there are three reasons, the first is the reuse of ministers, political corruption.
During the "tenure" of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, he reused the traitorous minister Cai Jing and the eunuch Tong Guan, etc., to make the government and government worse, and the world was in turmoil, and peasant uprisings in various places broke out one after another, and two major peasant uprisings led by Song Jiang and Fang La broke out successively. Although these two peasant uprisings were eventually put down, they also caused great damage to the national strength. However, the emperor's courtiers did not reflect on the reasons for these two uprisings, but thought that Tong Guan and others had made meritorious contributions to quelling the rebellion, and still reused them. It can be seen that the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty have entered the darkest and most decaying period.
The second point: Jin broke Bianjing, and the two emperors of Hui and Qin were captured.
After the Jin soldiers broke through Bianjing, they captured about 3,000 people from Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin, as well as court concubines, clan nobles, and ministers. After being defeated and captured, the first thing they faced was the hardships of a rough road. Take off the dragon robe and change into cloth clothes, there are no servants who call and hug each other, and instead of the delicacies, it is a meal that is difficult to swallow;Although it was already the fourth month of the lunar calendar, it was still cold, but Song Huizong and others could only wear single clothes and freeze in a simple and dirty grass hut;In the Jin Kingdom Shangjing held a prisoner offering ceremony and a sheep holding ceremony ("Exposed body, draped in sheep's fur"）..In this long process, Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin not only suffered physical pain, but also spiritual humiliation. In order to insult the second emperor of Yongyong, Jin Taizong also gave two extremely insulting titles to Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin, and named Huizong of the Song Dynasty "Duke of Dude" and Qinzong of the Song Dynasty "Hou of Chongdu". In the end, the two also died in a foreign country.
The third point: the "miserable" of the concubines and women in the Northern Song Dynasty
According to the records of the Song Prisoners, from March 27 of the second year of Jingkang, the concubines and women of the Northern Song Dynasty were divided into seven groups and escorted to the capital of the Jin Kingdom to go to Beijing, which lasted 1 2 months on the way, with a total of more than 14,000 people. These people were forced to follow the Jurchen folk customs"Exposed body, draped in sheep's fur", that is, the so-called"Sheep Ceremony". In addition to enduring hunger and cold, sleeping in the open, and being insulted by the Jin people anytime and anywhere, many people died. "Moaning Words" contains: "The plundered are washed with tears every day, and the captives are all embracing women, drinking wine and meat, playing orchestra, and rejoicing endlessly. ”
Since then, the ancient women's martyrdom theory began to be paid attention to by Taoist scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty. Because the harem concubines and clan women of the Northern Song Dynasty were all taken captive to the north as slaves and prostitutes. This shame caused Taoists to abandon the concept of emphasizing survival over chastity in the Northern Song Dynasty, and instead vigorously advocated women sacrificing their lives to protect chastity. By the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of chastity arches for female martyrdom was increasing, and between survival and chastity, women could only choose the latter.
The shame of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty was undoubtedly a catastrophe in the history of the Han nation, and it also brought profound disasters to the people at that time. The Jingkang Revolution directly led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the land of China was once again **, and the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty marked the country's tilt towards the south.
In terms of ethnic relations: the Jingkang Revolution exacerbated the relationship between the Han and Jurchen ethnic groups, which had an impact on later ethnic relations.
In terms of cultural dissemination: many cultural relics and artworks of the Northern Song Dynasty were plundered, resulting in a huge loss of cultural heritage and affecting the inheritance of Chinese culture.
In terms of social impact: a large number of people have been taken captive, families have been broken, social order has been seriously damaged, and people's lives have suffered greatly. The shame of Jingkang is the darkest page in Chinese history, and it is also the most worthy of reflection and vigilance in Chinese history.
History