Autumn and Winter Check-in Challenge
The ancient imperial examination in our country is the most perfect in the Ming and Qing dynasties, held once every three years, two rounds each time, the first round is held in the provincial capital in the autumn, called the township examination, also called the autumn examination, the autumn examination is equivalent to the current lattice room, the candidates sit in the examination, only the students of the provinces are eligible to participate in the examination, the students are called Xiucai, and the students in the examination are called lifters. The second round is called the examination, held in the spring capital, and **, only the lifter is eligible to participate, presided over by the Ministry of Rites, and the person who wins the examination is called Gongshi.
After the examination of the tribute scholars, they also have to participate in the palace examination, the palace examination is presided over by the emperor, the ranking is ranked, the ranking is divided into a first, second, and third from high to low, and only three people are taken from the first classThe second class takes many people, which is called the Jinshi origin;The third class is second to the second class, and it is also taken from many people, which is called the same Jinshi origin.
Jinshi is a qualified product, you want to be a big official must be a jinshi, at the same time, there is a world of difference between the treatment of jinshi and jinshi origin, the official qualifications are different, jinshi and the first birth into a Hanlin Academy, etc., etc., there is also a lack of priority treatment, ** lack of officials, of course it is Jinshi and the first to make up, there is no turn to be born in Jinshi and the same Jinshi origin, Jinshi and the same Jinshi background can only be made up if there is a lack of county officials in the place.
When the top three are released, they are written on yellow paper, also known as the title of the gold list.
The Ming and Qing Dynasty exams are mainly based on the eight-strand text, and the eight-strand text is also called the Four Books and Five Classics, which is mainly annotated by Zhu Xi. The tone and even the tone of the examiner reading your article are strictly required, which is basically equivalent to a couplet, and even Pingqian has requirements. Therefore, I have to Xi in the vast sea of books, so the exam is very difficult.
The first name of the township test is Xie Yuan, which is equivalent to the provincial champion;The first place in the examination is called Huiyuan, which is equivalent to the first in the country;In the palace test, you are not false, the answer is like a stream, so that the emperor Longyan Dayue, and won the first place, this is called the champion, can even the township test will test the palace test called Lianzhong Sanyuan, in the history of the people who can even the three yuan is rare, very few, in the history of our country even in the three yuan of only 17 people, such as the Tang Dynasty Cui Yuanhan, the Ming Dynasty's Shang Lu, the crown, etc.
Although the imperial examination is relatively fair, it is not lacking in darkness, nepotism is very strong, and the subjectivity of marking is very strong, this examiner thinks that you write well, and the examiner thinks that your writing is not as good as bullshit, so it is not easy to even win three yuan.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the development of advanced Western technology and new schools, in 1905, the imperial examination, which had lasted for more than 1,300 years, was officially abolished by the Qing court.
The ancient election system is to reflect the will and standards of the ruler, in the Yao Shunyu period, due to the influence of the primitive democratic legacy of the implementation of the Zen concession system, let the sage be the leader, to the notorious Yu son Xia Qi began to implement the dictatorship, the implementation of the hereditary system of the world, called the Shiqing Shilu system, that is, Lao Tzu died and passed on the position to the son, and the son died and then passed to the grandson, to the Warring States Period, the waste of the well field, the opening of the Qianmo, the reward of military merits, the old aristocracy of the generation of officials to enjoy the privilege of the Lu is over.
The Han Dynasty implemented the inspection system and the conscription system, the inspection system is to recommend talented talents to the local government, and the emperor can also directly recruit people with high reputation from the people to be officials, which is called recruitment, and other ** can also select talented people to be their staff, which is called Pi.
The conscription system is not compulsory, you can accept or refuse, those who have a reputation are eager to become officials, some pedantic and high-ranking people, in order to gain a reputation, Xi is accustomed to refusing, saying in the mouth don't want it, in fact, in the heart I want it!
Therefore, in the later stage, there were serious drawbacks, corruption, nepotism was very serious, and officials relied on recommendation and direct selection.
The selection criteria of the Han Dynasty were mainly based on Confucianism, and it was necessary to be proficient in Confucianism and abide by the Confucian program, but after Cao Cao, due to the war, there was an urgent need for talents, and the implementation of meritocracy was used.
After the Wei and Jin dynasties, the abolition of the inspection and requisition system, the implementation of the nine-product system, by the large and small officials to the national selection of talents, this system is amazing, for the selection of a large number of talents, but later, to the Western Jin Dynasty, this system is not good, and began to only look at the family background does not look at the situation of talent, there is no upper grade no cold door, lower grade no scholar phenomenon.
In the period of Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Wen of Sui also saw that the Zhongzheng official was no longer a meritocracy but only wealth, who gave more money to recommend whom, so he dismissed the Zhongzheng official, to the period of Emperor Yang of Sui, the establishment of the Jinshi Department, the implementation of the imperial examination system, allowing scholars to apply for the examination freely, after which the scenery of the gate lord clan was gone, to the late Tang Dynasty, there was the situation that the old Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people.
The Sui and Tang dynasties were the first dynasty to establish the imperial examination system, which was the first system in the world to pass the examination and recruit, which was a huge improvement compared to the Shiqing Shilu system, the inspection and recruitment system, and the Jiupin Zhongzheng system.
Looking back on history, the ruling system of various dynasties is not the same, Qin State implements the system of three princes and nine secretaries, the three princes refer to the prime minister, the Taiwei, and the imperial historian, the minister helps the emperor to manage the government, the captain manages the military, and the imperial historian helps the minister, and the system of the three princes and nine secretaries strengthens the centralization of power and avoids the formation of separatist forces.
The Sui Dynasty's creation of the three-province six-ministry system was a great step forward, and this system was followed and improved by subsequent dynasties. The three provinces are Shangshu, Zhongshu, and Menxia;The six departments are officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals, and workers.
The Ming Dynasty abolished the Xiang Xiang, and set up a factory and health organization, the implementation of the cabinet system, this is any dynasty in the past any emperor did not dare to do, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the Xiang Xiang was too much, thinking that the Xiang Xiang was too annoying, even the emperor's private life, I worked hard to build the country, the power was distributed to you, and I had to take care of me, so I abolished the Xiang in a rage, which laid a hidden danger for the future, there was no check and balance of the Xiang Xiang, and there was a partisan dispute inside.