"Red flags"The -9 anti-aircraft missile system is a new generation of long-range regional anti-aircraft missile systems independently developed by China. The development of the system began in the 80s of the last century, and in the early 90s it achieved initial success, and the first missiles began to be tested in the troops in 1997. After a lot of trials and improvements,"Red flags"The -9 system began to be finalized after 2000, and on this basis, an improved version of the shipborne "Haihongqi"-9 was developed. In 2007, it was exhibited in the form of a model for the first time at the 80th anniversary of the founding of the army, and then it was publicly displayed at the 2009 National Day military parade and the 60th anniversary of the Air Force. The characteristics of the missile of this air defense missile system are characterized by a cylindrical body, a conical warhead, a smooth exterior and only four trapezoidal tail rudders. It is significantly different from the 5V55R anti-aircraft missile used in the Russian-made S-300P missile system and the 48N6E anti-missile and anti-aircraft missile used in the S-300V. The diameter of the missile is about 07 meters, length of about 9 meters, total weight of about 15 tons, the warhead weighs 180 kg.
Red flags"The -9 missile uses a small two-stage solid-fuel engine with a cold launch method, with a maximum range of about 120 kilometers, a minimum range of 6 kilometers, a minimum launch height of 25 meters, a maximum launch height of 25 kilometers, a maximum speed of Mach 4, and a maximum flight time of more than two minutes. In order to improve the combat effectiveness of the anti-aircraft missile, the missile adopts the guidance mode of "inertial navigation + mid-course command + terminal active radar guidance", which has a higher hit probability for missiles, UAVs and other targets without active jamming capabilities, and has a higher hit probability compared with the terminal TVM guidance of the S-300P missile. The warhead uses a radio proximity fuse to trigger the prefabricated fragmentation killing warhead, and the directional scattering method is used to increase the fragmentation scattering density and the power radius of the warhead. The killing radius of the warhead is about 20 meters, and the muzzle velocity of the fragmentation can reach 2,000 meters per second, which is enough to produce a large damage effect on the target. The radar system of the air defense missile system adopts the domestic HT-233 phased array radar, which is an improved version of China's guidance radar for the export "Kaishan"-1 medium and long-range air defense missile system. That's it"Red flags"-Basic introduction of the -9 anti-aircraft missile system.
The HT-233 phased array radar operates in the C-band, and uses the fully coherent pulse frequency agility technology to resist targeting interference, and has the ability to eliminate clutter interference, resist deception interference, eliminate negative interference, and lure anti-radiation missiles. Its radar scan angle is 120 degrees, the pitch scan angle ranges from 0 to 90 degrees, the beam width is 2 degrees, and the transmitter peak power reaches 1000 kilowatts, with an average power of about 60 kilowatts. The radar is capable of simultaneously tracking up to 100 air targets flying at speeds up to Mach 7 at a distance of up to 300 km, and is capable of automatically conducting a threat assessment to select the six most threatening targets for the launch vehicle to assign. Its comprehensive performance is not inferior to the search radar of the Russian S-300 missile system. In addition, because the transmitter power of this radar is extremely powerful, it has a rare "burn-through ability" of foreign radars, so it can suppress low-power jammers and has extremely strong electronic countermeasure capabilities. The combat mode of the air defense missile system is the "Red Flag"-9, which is generally deployed in battalions.
A "Red Flag"-9 missile battalion includes 1 command vehicle, 4 communication and maintenance vehicles, 1 missile control vehicle, 1 target radar irradiation vehicle, 1 search radar vehicle, and 8 missile launchers (each missile launcher carries 4 missiles), a total of 16 vehicles and 32 missiles, capable of providing air defense protection for a 125-kilometer radius of the theater. The search radar vehicle is mainly used for daily vigilance, providing accurate all-round air conditions to the command and control vehicle, as well as timely guiding the combat unit to intercept targets. The target radar irradiation vehicle is mainly used to track and lock on to the target, while maintaining the search for new targets in the low-altitude sector, and at the same time as the target tracking, providing guidance for the launched missile, guiding it to accurately hit the target. The guided radar vehicle receives target information assigned by the battalion command vehicle, can roughly track 30 targets, accurately track 6 targets, and can control 12 missiles to intercept 6 targets at the same time. The command vehicle is equipped with a data processing system, a communication system, and an operational command system, which is used to command and control air defense operations in the air defense circle, and is the command center of the entire air defense missile battalion.
The missile launcher is similar to the Russian-made S-300P missile, using a quadruple assembly method, each erected launcher is loaded with 4 missiles, and the cold launch method is adopted, that is, the missile is ejected and then ignited. The "Red Flag"-9 long-range anti-aircraft missile system is equipped with a phased array radar. The operation process of China's "Hongqi"-9 long-range air defense missile system is very complicated: First, the command vehicle receives the early warning information sent by the long-range early warning radar, reconnaissance satellite, or early warning aircraft, and the vehicles of the command system immediately start a battle and start a state of alert. After the target enters the range of the search radar, the search radar will initially track it and automatically transmit the target data to the command vehicle to complete the initial detection and identification. After the command vehicle processes and calculates the target data, it determines the best time for interception, and then transmits the launch data to the launch vehicle and the fire control radar vehicle. Then, the launcher launches the missile, and the fire control radar vehicle guides the missile to intercept the target. The whole system deployment time of the Hongqi-9 air defense missile system is about 6 minutes, the reaction speed is 12-15 seconds, and it is capable of simultaneously controlling 6 missiles and intercepting 3-6 targets in different directions.
Missiles are launched at intervals of about 5 seconds, and one to two missiles are used at a time against aircraft targets, while the number of missiles fired at small, high-speed targets such as ballistic missiles is doubled. The carrier-based "Haihongqi"-9 is equipped on the Type 052C destroyer, which adopts a vertical cold launch method, each launch unit is arranged in a circle, and each launch unit can carry 6 missiles. This advanced firing method allows each magazine to be fired independently, so the firing efficiency is higher, and the rate of fire may be close to the level of 1 second of the American MK41 vertical firing system. The ship-based "Haihongqi"-9 missile is guided by the ship's "China Aegis" phased array radar and corrected by data, and can control six missiles to attack three to six targets at a time, and can use two missiles to carry out repeated attacks on the same air target. In addition to intercepting aircraft, the "Haihongqi-9" also has a certain degree of first-class missile capability. In recent years, on the basis of the "Hongqi"-9, China has developed the "Hongqi"-9B, "Hongqi"-9BE, and other modified and foreign trade missiles, which are more advanced in performance. This successful development shows that China has the ability to independently develop a complex large-scale air defense missile system, which is scarce in the world.
At present, China already has a set of advanced surface-to-air missile systems, which can meet the urgent military needs of the moment and lay a solid foundation for us to develop the next generation of ground-to-air missiles that surpass the world's advanced level. This will ensure our country's leading position in the field of surface-to-air missiles for a long time.