"Bright Sword" is a highly acclaimed classic of the Anti-Japanese War, especially the Battle of Zhaozhuang in 2005. In this scene, Chu Yunfei tried to capture the position where Li Yunlong was stationed within 40 minutes, for which he carried a large basket of heavy "Yuan Datou" silver dollars to reward the officers and soldiers participating in the battle to boost morale. Why would Chu Yunfei use ordinary silver dollars at a critical moment to decide the outcome of the war?
Chu Yunfei in the play "Bright Sword" is played by Zhang Guangbei.
Authentic regular goods.
The reason why Chu Yunfei used "Yuan Datou" to bribe people was because it was the most appropriate means at that time. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the circulation of domestic currency was chaotic. As the unit of denomination of bulk currency, silver accounts for one-third of the entire currency, and the currencies of various countries (such as "Eagle Ocean" and so on) represent dozens of kinds, accounting for half of the entire currency. In addition, copper coins are used for small private transactions.
Recognizing that the domestic economy was threatened by a variety of different monetary systems, the late Qing courtier Jang Zhi-dong suggested to the imperial court that he mint his own silver coins to counter the foreign eagles. In 1889, Guangdong took the lead in casting "Longyang", and then more than a dozen other provinces and cities across the country followed suit. However, due to poor management and lax control, the quality of Longyang was uneven, which worsened the already poor monetary system. Under the impetus of Sheng Xuanhuai, in April 1910, the Qing court implemented the "National Currency Regulations", emphasizing that the right to mint coins belonged to the imperial court and set up a special mint. A year later, the "Great Qing Longyang" was officially launched.
* After its establishment, Yuan Shikai ascended the throne and came to power, but faced many difficulties. On the one hand, Beiyang** is financially tight and facing an increasingly severe crisis;On the other hand, the complex conversion of currency systems increases the burden on society and the people. At the same time, Tsarist Russia took the opportunity to incite foreign countries to seriously damage Yuan Shikai's political reputation. Given the severity of the situation, monetary reform is urgent.
Yuan Shikai (1859-1916) is shown above.
In 1912, he published the "Telegram Advocating a Comismatic Revolution to Resist the Invasion of Tsarist Russia", which put forward a proposal for numismatic reform to resist the invasion of Tsarist Russia. This initiative inspired Beiyang** to set up a currency committee and began to study and formulate a currency reform plan. Subsequently, on February 7, 1914, Yuan Shikai signed Edict No. 19, officially promulgating the "China ** National Currency Regulations" and the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the National Currency Regulations".
According to the regulations, the state has the right to mint money,** requiring the exchange of the old one-dollar silver coin for the new national currency. All public revenues and expenditures must use the national currency, i.e., "Yuan Datou", as the base currency for national tax revenue. The promulgation of this regulation provided the necessary conditions for the advent of "Yuan Datou".
The side image of Yuan Shikai is inlaid on the front of the national currency, while the back is engraved with the Jiahe pattern and the value of the coin, which is commonly known as "Yuan Datou". Beiyang officially announced that "Yuan Datou" replaced "Daqing Longyang" and became the legal tender of **. Obviously, Chu Yunfei's use of "Yuan Datou" to reward officers and soldiers is completely reasonable and in line with people's wishes.
*Shown above is the Longyang silver coin, which was a type of silver coin in circulation in the late Qing Dynasty.
Definite item value.
Chu Yunfei praised "Yuan Datou" appreciatively, and attached great importance to its true value. Regarding its true value, the material of "Yuan Datou" is based on six coins and eight cents of Kuping sterling silver, and is named "Yuan". As the legal tender of the country, "a silver coin weighs seven coins and two cents, with a silver content of 89 percent, and copper accounts for 11 percent." There are three kinds of national coins: silver coins, nickel coins and copper coins, of which silver coins are divided into four types: one yuan, medium yuan, two corners and one corner, nickel coins are five cents, and copper coins include five types: two cents, one cent, five cents, two cents and one cent. Through the issuance of 9 different types of 4 national currencies, a complete payment system was established during the ** period.
After the main coin was determined, the Tianjin Mint took the lead in manufacturing "Yuan Datou", and subsequently, the mints in Nanjing, Guangdong, Wuchang and other places also put into minting. Because of its consistent style, stable color, and easy identification, it has gained universal recognition throughout the country. According to the different casting years, "Yuan Datou" can be divided into four types, namely "China ** three years made", "China ** eight years made", "China ** nine years made" and "China ** ten years made".
Yuan Datou: "The actual purchasing power is quite strong. According to the "History of the Shanghai Workers' Movement", in 1927, a "Yuan Datou" could be exchanged for 35 catties of pork can be exchanged for 25 catties of rice in Guangzhou, and 40 eggs can be exchanged in Chengdu. At that time, the monthly income of ordinary workers was 20 "Yuan Datou", and the monthly salary of skilled workers was doubled, even Mr. Lu Xun's monthly manuscript fee was as high as more than 700 "Yuan Datou". It is no wonder that Chu Yunfei regards "Yuan Datou" as an unparalleled cost performance.
Yuan Datou is one of the currencies mainly used for circulation during the ** period, see the figure above.
Maximum issuance.
Chu Yunfei's generous distribution of "Yuan Datou" on the battlefield fully demonstrated the huge amount of this currency. The success of a currency lies in the importance of the number of issues issued. Shi Jiagan, a famous coin collector, mentioned the mintage of four types of era names "Yuan Datou" in his book "Examination of Modern Chinese Coins": "One yuan in three years: the most coinage is passed. One dollar for eight years: a common coin, with a lot of mint. Nine years for one dollar: Ibid. Ten years of one yuan: a common coin, minted a lot. It can be seen that because the three and ten years of "Yuan Datou" was made because of the long casting time, the number was "the most" and "extremely much".
Liang Shiyi recalled that the Tianjin Mint was the first place to mint the "Yuan Datou" coin, and in the first nine months, the daily minting volume reached 300,000 yuan. According to records, the Nanjing Mint minted a total of 379819210 yuan worth of "Yuan Datou" coins in the two years from **4 to **5.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the mint in Tianjin is shown above.
The casting of "Yuan Datou" lasted at least until 1929. In April 1933, the Nanjing National** announced the abolition of the two silver systems and the recovery of the unified silver dollar. After a year and a half, the fiat currency policy was introduced, which prohibits the circulation of silver dollars in the market, and the ** and silver dollars stored by various financial institutions and private enterprises are collected and exchanged by ** banks, and the scenery of "Yuan Datou" is no longer there. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the people issued paper money indiscriminately, causing serious inflation, and "Yuan Datou" became popular again in the black market. On December 1, 1948, the People's Bank of China issued RMB, and "Yuan Datou" completely withdrew from the stage of history.
In addition to the number of issuances, the timing of issuance is also very critical. On August 1, 1915, the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications and the Shanghai Money Industry Association discussed and decided to abolish the "Longyang" circulation market, which further consolidated the position of "Yuan Datou". Subsequently, on July 5, 1919, the Shanghai Money Industry Association announced the abolition of the "Yingyang" circulation market, making "Yuan Datou" dominate the rivers and lakes. By 1928, the actual circulation of "Yuan Datou" reached at least 1.1 billion, which constituted an unstoppable advantage over other old coins. Judging from the situation at that time, Chu Yunfei could only rely on "Yuan Datou" to raise military funds, and there was no better choice.
Chen Jintao, the first chief financial officer of China, is shown in the picture above.
It has far-reaching implications.
In fact, the significance of "Yuan Datou" lies in Chu Yunfei's reward for officers and soldiers, which is even more significant. After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, Chen Jintao served as the chief financial officer and proposed the implementation of a gold exchange standard that was on par with Western countries. However, China is in the reparations period, the reserves are limited, and there are still a large number of ** in circulation. ** The national conditions determine the "unsuitable" of the gold exchange standard.
After Yuan Shikai became the chief leader, he continued to carry out monetary reform. Premier and Finance Minister Xiong Xiling put forward the idea of gradually transitioning from the silver standard to the gold standard in light of the actual situation. This concept can be described as a major innovation in the financial industry, which has established the historical status of "Yuan Datou".
After Yuan Shikai took office, he took a group photo with envoys from various countries.
Beiyang** controls the currency issuance right of "Yuan Datou", demonstrating the sovereignty of the country. Due to the stable and reliable value of the currency, prices are relatively low, which has pushed the economy, taxation, finance, and employment into a virtuous circle, and at the same time solved the long-standing problem of insufficient funds for the army.
Yuan Shikai minted his portrait on a coin, which invisibly enhanced his personal political status, which can be said to kill multiple birds with one stone. Among the nearly 1,000 kinds of silver coins issued by China, "Yuan Datou" monopolized the circulation and circulation field, and contributed to the development of modern China.
The author is white as black, and the correction and editing are the responsibility of Lilith. 100 help plan