In the history of the Song Dynasty, Liu E, with her outstanding intelligence and excellent governance ability, became the first heroine of the dynasty. Although she listened to politics for 11 years, she did not call the emperor an empress, which caused countless speculations. What is the reason why this female empress dowager with Lu Wu's talent does not dare to show her ambitions?
Liu E's political considerations.
Liu E became the empress of Zhao Heng of Song Zhenzong in the first year of Qianxing, and then Zhenzong died of illness, and Renzong, who was only 13 years old, ascended the throne. Zhenzong's edict honored her as the empress dowager and gave her the power to deal with important military affairs. In the 11 years of listening to the government, Liu E actually became the most powerful and longest-ruling one among the eight empress dowagers in the Song Dynasty at that time. However, she did not extend this power to herself as emperor.
The decline of the gate lord clan.
When Liu E considered the issue of ascending the throne, she was faced with a different historical background from that of the previous female emperor, Wu Zetian. In the Tang Dynasty, the rise of the Shu group provided a strong support force for Wu Zetian, while the Song dynasty experienced a decline. Economic turmoil has affected the political landscape, and the situation of "exchanging 800 lords for 800 lords in a thousand years" has made it difficult for the influence of the Shu landlords to be firmly formed. In contrast, Liu E lacks the support of similar Shu groups, and her power is more individual, lacking a strong driving force.
Individuality and subjectivity are troubled.
In the Song Dynasty, it was difficult for the group to form and maintain stability. Although Liu E selects talent extensively, the forces she relies on are constantly changing. For example, she relied on Ding Wei, Cao Yu, Feng Zheng and others to make them prominent for a while, but when they were no longer needed, she did not hesitate to adopt other suggestions, such as dealing with Ding Wei and Lei Yungong through the Shanling Incident. The lack of stable support from a group of foreign relatives made Liu E politically isolated.
The inadequacy of the family and relatives.
The emperors of the Song Dynasty no longer paid attention to the family when marrying wives, and Liu E obviously did not have the treatment of the female emperors of the Tang Dynasty in this regard. Her father, Liu Tong, had real power for a certain period of time, but had lost that power when she was still an infant. Although Liu E's first husband Gong Mei had a high literary status, he was criticized for his behavior of climbing power and attaching nobility, and finally failed to gain a foothold in politics. Although his relative Qian Weiyan was erudite and literate, he was unable to provide strong support for Liu E due to his unpopular behavior at the time.
Liu E's political decision.
Although Liu E had considered emulating Wu Zetian to become the "empress", her decision was wise and decisive. She once expressed strong dissatisfaction with Fang Zhonggong's proposal and made it clear that she did not want to be the emperor. Perhaps, Liu E thought that in the political environment at that time, women's accession to the throne would still be seriously questioned and opposed, so she gave up this idea.
Liu E's historical position.
Liu E died of illness on March 29 in the second year of the Ming Dynasty, and although she set a record in the Song Dynasty in terms of curtains and politics, becoming the first empress dowager in history, she did not extend her power to the level of the emperor. Her political decisions may have been based on a deep understanding of the socio-political landscape of the time, as well as a clear awareness of the resistance women might face to ascending to the throne.
Epilogue. Liu E, as the first heroine of the Song Dynasty, although she did not embark on the road to becoming the emperor, she showed outstanding political talent in the process of listening to the government. Faced with a complex political landscape and a lack of support from the Shu clique and powerful relatives, she made wise political decisions. Liu E's historical status is not only an affirmation of her personal talent, but also a reflection of the social and political complexities and challenges of change at the time.
As a unique woman in the history of the Song Dynasty, Liu E's performance in the political arena left a deep impression on future generations. The article details the reasons why Liu E did not become emperor during the 11-year curtain listening to the government, combining the background of the historical era, the political pattern and personal factors, so that readers can better understand the political decision-making of the female queen mother.
First of all, the paper analyzes the social background of the Song Dynasty, especially the decline of the gate lord clan. Compared with the Tang Dynasty, the political and economic interests of the Shu landlords in the Song Dynasty gradually weakened, and it became more difficult to form group power. This created the conditions for Liu E's lack of support from the Shu clique, making her political influence more individual and subjective. This is reflected in her talent selection process, where she relies on frequent changes in power and lacks the support of a stable group of relatives, making her appear relatively politically isolated.
Secondly, the article analyzes the support of Liu E's family and relatives. Unlike the Tang Dynasty, the emperors of the Song Dynasty no longer valued their wives in the family, and Liu E did not have a prominent family background, and her father Liu Tong and husband Gong Mei did not provide sufficient support. This is in stark contrast to Wu Zetian's strong Shu clique support in the Tang Dynasty. Liu E's shortcomings in this area made it difficult for her to rely on powerful relatives politically, which made it more difficult for her to ascend the throne.
The article also pointed out that Liu E had tried to win over some people with the surname Liu in the DPRK, but failed to do so. This also reflected the complexity of the political situation at that time, and the similarities and differences of individual factors and political positions became the key to the formation of groups. Liu E's extensive reliance on power but lack of unifying bloc support made it difficult for her to establish a firm position in the political arena.
The article concludes with an analysis of Liu E's political decision, which she considered following Wu Zetian's example of becoming the "empress", but eventually gave up on this idea. This shows that Liu E had a clear understanding of the prejudice and incomprehension of female rulers in society at that time, and her wise and decisive decision-making made her leave a firm and unique mark in history.
Overall, the article provides an in-depth analysis of Liu E's political choices, and presents readers with a rich and complex historical picture by examining the social and family background and political landscape of the time. Liu E's performance on the political stage of the Song Dynasty not only reflected the changes of the times, but also provided profound historical inspiration for future generations.
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