Chemical industry is an important part of human civilization, which provides us with a variety of products, such as fertilizers, pesticides, plastics, textiles, medicine, cosmetics, etc., which greatly improves our quality of life. The development of the chemical industry has also brought some serious problems, one of which is the disposal of chemical waste.
Chemical waste refers to various solid, liquid or gaseous wastes generated in the chemical production process, which often contain toxic and harmful substances, such as heavy metals, organic solvents, cyanide, chloride, sulfide, carbon dioxide, etc., which cause serious harm to the environment and human health. If not properly disposed of, chemical waste will pollute soil, water, air, ecosystem, and even cause fire, poisoning and other accidents, resulting in immeasurable losses.
The treatment of chemical waste is a complex and arduous task, which needs to consider many factors, such as the nature, quantity, destination, treatment technology, cost, benefits, laws and regulations, etc. In this process, it is a challenging and contradictory problem to ensure the normal progress of chemical production, protect the environment and human health, and meet the needs of economic and social development.
So, why is chemical waste so difficult to dispose of?What is the current situation and development trend at home and abroad?Let's take a look at these amazing facts from a social and historical perspective, and you get the idea!
There are many types of chemical wastes, covering inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, fine chemicals, petrochemicals, coal chemicals, pesticide chemicals, pharmaceutical chemicals and other fields, each field has different production processes and products, resulting in complex properties of chemical wastes, some are solid, some are liquid, some are easily degradable, some are refractory, some are low toxicity, some are highly toxic, and so on.
These different properties determine that the treatment methods of chemical waste are not the same, and it is necessary to select the appropriate technology and equipment according to the specific situation to carry out classification, separation, purification, transformation, disposal and other operations, which is a high-tech, difficult and high-risk work.
The amount of chemical waste is huge and extensive. According to statistics, China produces about 1 billion tons of chemical waste every year, including about 300 million tons of solid waste, about 500 million tons of liquid waste, and about 200 million tons of gas waste. The waste comes from tens of thousands of chemical companies across the country, some large, some small and medium-sized, some regular, some illegal, and so on.
These different ** determine that the treatment of chemical waste is difficult to plan and manage in a unified manner, and it is necessary to choose the appropriate way and channel according to the specific situation to collect, transport, store, monitor, register and other operations, which is a high-cost, low-efficiency and difficult work.
Due to the high cost and low efficiency of chemical waste treatment, many chemical enterprises have adopted some unreasonable treatment methods in order to save costs and improve profits, such as dumping, burying, incineration, transferring, and secretly discharging, etc., resulting in the unknown whereabouts of chemical wastes and cannot be traced, resulting in serious environmental pollution and social problems.
On the other hand, due to the many types of chemical waste, complex nature, large quantity, wide range, it is difficult for the regulatory authorities to effectively supervise and manage it, there are some deficiencies, poor implementation, insufficient monitoring, poor coordination and other problems, resulting in some violations of laws and regulations can not be found and stopped in time, bringing more difficulties and challenges to the treatment of chemical waste.
China is a big chemical country, and the disposal of chemical waste has always been an important topic.
In the past few decades, China has made some progress and achievements in the treatment of chemical waste, such as formulating some relevant laws, regulations and standards, establishing some professional treatment institutions and facilities, developing some advanced treatment technologies and methods, cultivating some professional treatment talents and teams, improving some public awareness and participation in environmental protection, and so on.
However, compared with the treatment needs of chemical waste, these progress and achievements are far from enough, and there are still many problems and challenges, such as a wide variety of chemical waste, complex nature, huge quantity, wide range, unknown destination, poor supervision, insufficient treatment technology and methods, low treatment costs and benefits, imperfect treatment system and mechanism, not extensive treatment awareness and participation, and so on.
These problems and challenges not only affect the development and competitiveness of the chemical industry, but also threaten the quality and safety of the environment, damage the health and interests of the people, and restrict the progress and harmony of the society.
Therefore, we must attach great importance to the treatment of chemical waste, increase investment and support for the treatment of chemical waste, strive to achieve the goal and vision of chemical waste treatment, and make our due contribution to the construction of a beautiful China.
Compared with China, some developed countries have a longer history and richer experience in the treatment of chemical waste, and they have a high level and mature model in terms of regulations, technical methods, management mechanisms, social participation, etc., which provides some reference and enlightenment for the treatment of chemical waste in China. The following are some examples of the current situation and development trends of processing abroad:
The United States is a chemical powerhouse and a large producer of chemical waste, producing about 400 million tons of chemical waste every year. In the treatment of chemical waste, the United States mainly relies on the constraints of laws and regulations and the incentives of market mechanisms, forming a diversified treatment system with enterprises as the main body, supervision and social participation. U.S. laws and regulations have clear provisions on the definition, classification, standards, responsibilities, and penalties of chemical waste, such as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, and the Clean Air Act, which provide strong legal protection and guidance for the treatment of chemical waste.
The market mechanism in the United States mainly provides economic incentives and punishments for the treatment of chemical wastes through taxes, subsidies, credits, transactions and other means, and encourages chemical enterprises to adopt cleaner production, source reduction, recycling, comprehensive utilization and other methods to reduce the generation and emission of chemical waste, improve the quality and utilization rate of chemical waste, and reduce the treatment cost and environmental impact of chemical waste.
Social participation in the United States mainly improves public awareness and participation in environmental protection, promotes transparency and fairness in the disposal of chemical waste, and protects public health and interests through public education, information disclosure, volunteer service, litigation and rights protection.
The treatment technologies and methods of chemical waste in the United States are also very advanced and diverse, such as pyrolysis, landfill, solidification, stabilization, etc., which can effectively treat and dispose of different chemical wastes to achieve the purpose of harmlessness, reduction and recycling.
Germany, which is also a developed country in the chemical industry, is also a pioneer in the treatment of chemical waste, producing about 100 million tons of chemical waste every year. In the treatment of chemical waste, Germany mainly relies on the guidance of the first class and social cooperation, forming a green treatment system with prevention as the mainstay, comprehensive as the supplement, and recycling as the core.
Germany's best in the treatment of chemical waste, has played an important role, such as the development of some strict regulations and standards, such as the Circular Economy Act, the Hazardous Waste Management Act, the Waste Management Act, etc., these laws and regulations put forward high standards of requirements and goals for the treatment of chemical waste, such as harmlessness, reduction, recycling, Recycling, etc., but also for the treatment of chemical waste has been strictly supervised and managed, such as the establishment of a special management agency, the implementation of the licensing system, the establishment of a unified registration and reporting system, the implementation of the responsibility system, the strengthening of inspection and punishment, etc., these measures for the treatment of chemical waste to provide a strong guarantee and promotion.
German society has also played an active role in the treatment of chemical waste, such as various stakeholders, such as chemical enterprises, treatment enterprises, scientific research institutions, environmental protection organizations, the public, etc., have assumed the corresponding responsibilities and obligations in the treatment of chemical waste, such as chemical enterprises to be responsible for the source reduction and cleaner production of chemical waste, treatment enterprises to be responsible for the chemical waste and utilization, scientific research institutions should be responsible for the research and development and innovation of chemical waste treatment technology, environmental protection organizations should be responsible for the supervision and evaluation of chemical waste treatment, and the public should be responsible for the participation and support of chemical waste treatment, etc., and these stakeholders have formed a good cooperation and coordination to jointly promote the progress and development of chemical waste treatment.
Germany's chemical waste treatment technology and methods are also very advanced and environmentally friendly, these technologies and methods can not only effectively treat and dispose of chemical waste, but also maximize the use of valuable substances in chemical waste, such as energy, raw materials, products, etc., to achieve the recycling and comprehensive utilization of chemical waste, reduce the negative impact of chemical waste treatment on the environment, and improve the economic and social benefits of chemical waste treatment.
Through the above analysis, we can see that the treatment of chemical waste is a complex problem involving many aspects, which has both technical difficulties, economic challenges, and social contradictions.
The treatment of chemical waste requires us to carry out comprehensive thinking and exploration from multiple angles and levels, learn from experience and lessons at home and abroad, innovate technologies and methods, improve systems, strengthen management and supervision, increase investment and support, improve awareness and participation, form a scientific, reasonable, effective and sustainable chemical waste treatment system, realize the goals and visions of chemical waste treatment, and make our due contribution to the development of chemical industry and environmental protection.
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