Recently, my thinking has been slow, and it is difficult to find a topic, so I have to solve it according to the old way - flipping through information and drawing charts. Unexpectedly, a chart opened the door of history for me. From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, there are 323 villains of all kinds who have been packaged and listed in the 24 histories, especially the traitors and traitors in the Song and Song dynasties.
Traitorous ministers, in ancient times, referred to courtiers who were not loyal to the monarch and misled the country. In "Shuo Yuan", Liu Xiang listed one of the six evils as "traitorous ministers", who are those treacherous people who are jealous of the virtuous and powerful, and who abuse power and mislead the country. However, there is no agreement on how to define traitors, and the term "lucky" appears in historical records, referring to the villains who welcome the king and pamper them for personal gain.
In ancient times, people believed in the theory of sexual goodness, believing that no matter how bad a person was, he would never exceed the bottom line of "courtier". However, Sima Qian stuffed all the villains into the "Biography of Yu Xinglie" in the "Historical Records", which laid the rules for the later serious history books. It wasn't until Ouyang Xiu redefined the villain in the "New Tang Dynasty Book" and introduced chapters such as "The Biography of the Traitorous Minister", "The Biography of the Traitor", and "The Biography of the Rebel Minister", which made the term "Yu Xing" gradually lose its popularity.
In the 24 histories, there are 323 villains of various types, among which the only ones that have been packaged as biography are "Book of the Later Han", "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", "Book of Zhou", "History of the Old Five Dynasties" and "History of the New Five Dynasties". The other 19 history books contain all kinds of bad guys, divided into categories, with a total of 323 people. In the three labels of traitor, traitor and rebel, the situation of traitor and rebel seems to be similar, but in essence they are completely different. A traitor is a courtier who launches a rebellion, secession, or surrenders to the enemy, but does not establish a state;The rebel minister is the courtier who has already claimed the title of king and emperor and established the country.
Taking the two Song Dynasty as the division, the definition of traitor is different. Prior to this, traitors were mostly considered disloyal courtiers, but as the status of civil officials in politics increased, their destructive power also became greater. Ouyang Xiu proposed in the "New Tang Dynasty Book" that "the wood will be bad, and the insect will be born;."The view that the country is about to die, and the demon is the real property" emphasizes that the traitorous minister's adultery actually originates from the general environment, rather than the courtier itself.
Traitors in history were not born bad. Taking Qin Hui as an example, before the Jingkang Revolution, he showed no signs of compromise with the Jurchens. Similarly, Fugu Huaien was a loyal and good general before the Anshi Rebellion, but a twist of fate forced him to rebel and was eventually branded a traitor.
Ouyang Xiu believed that the existence of traitorous ministers was not the problem of the courtiers, but was caused by the emperor's confusion. He pointed out, "If it weren't for the emperor's root rotten, even if the traitorous ministers were traitorous again, they wouldn't be able to toss a few waves." This is an insightful view.
In the end, if Cai Jing and Qin Hui, the two most famous traitors of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty, are traversed to the heyday of the Great Song Dynasty, the result may only be to add two names to the many famous ministers. Because the existence of traitors is closely related to the times and environment, they may behave differently in different periods.
The truth of the traitor in history is revealed, and the amazing inside story is **!
This article delves into the phenomenon of traitors in history, and presents readers with a more three-dimensional and comprehensive historical picture by interpreting the definitions of traitors in different historical periods and Ouyang Xiu's views in the "New Tang Dynasty Book". Through the stories of historical figures, the author leads to a rethinking of traitors, so that readers have a deeper understanding of this historical phenomenon.
First of all, the article takes the author's self-lament about the difficulty of topic selection as an introduction, and arouses the curiosity of readers by revealing the author's mental journey in solving the difficult topic selection. Subsequently, by revealing the huge number of traitors in the 24th History, readers have a clearer understanding of the prevalence of traitors in history. The definition and classification of traitors in different periods make the article more layered.
Secondly, the article cleverly introduces Ouyang Xiu's point of view, through "the wood will be bad, and the insect will be born;The country is about to die, and the demon is in real production", expressing Ouyang Xiu's deep insight into the existence of traitorous ministers. This view is extremely instructive and leads the reader to consider whether the traitor is merely a courtier, or is more deeply rooted in the failure of the ruler. Through this point of view, Ouyang Xiu made a profound dissection of the phenomenon of historical traitors, providing readers with a new perspective for thinking.
In addition, through the analysis of specific historical figures such as Qin Hui and Fugu Huai'en, the article shows that in different historical periods, traitors are not immutable laws. This interpretation of historical figures gives readers a deeper understanding of the view that traitors are not born to be bad. Through such cases, the article emphasizes that the existence of traitors is the result of a combination of factors, rather than a simple individual problem.
Finally, the article shows the speculation of historical "ifs" by thinking about the passage of Cai Jing and Qin Hui to the heyday of the Great Song Dynasty, which makes the article more interesting. Such an idea not only provides the reader with a historical reverie, but also makes people ponder the possible manifestations of traitors in different historical contexts.
Overall, this article successfully reveals the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon of historical traitors through rich historical cases, in-depth interpretations, and clever introductions, and presents readers with a vivid and in-depth historical picture.
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