A platform asked:
"Twenty-five Histories and the Rise and Fall of the Family and Country" according to the "Historical Records" recorded "Emperor Zhaoxiangye" and "(256 B.C.) Zhou Mindong died, and its instrument Jiuding entered Qin" and "Han Shu" recorded "Fan Qin Bo V, forty-nine years" and the custom of starting the new dynasty before the destruction of the previous dynasty, it is believed that the Qin Dynasty died in the sixth generation, and its lineage is: Qin Zhaoxiang King, Qin Xiaowen Wang, Qin Zhuangxiang Wang, Qin Shi Huang, Qin Shaodi and Qin Late Emperor. Do you think that's right?Why?
My answer is as follows.
There's really nothing right or wrong.
Because these are two different methods of generationalization.
First of all, the dynastic method that we are accustomed to now is the beginning of the Qin Dynasty in the year of the unification of the Qin Dynasty. It seems convenient to us, and in fact it is, convenient, because we have the Common Era as an aid. As soon as the year of the Common Era was opened, what happened in which year, everyone cleared the door.
But when the world chronology was not introduced, the ancients had a headache to death, especially Sima Guang's pain.
Just like the Warring States Period, before the death of King Zhou Xun, although King Zhou Xun was not very powerful, everyone recognized this co-lord of the world, for Sima Guang, as long as everyone recognized this co-master, then when writing the history of other vassal states, it was okay to copy the chronology of the Zhou Dynasty, but as soon as King Zhou Yu died, the Zhou royal family had no heirs, which became a problem.
So how do you record those things in a chronological way, and make sure that everyone's records are not messy?After all, the chronology used by each country is not necessarily uniform.
According to the war situation at that time, the major forces continued to compete for hegemony, and no country was absolute, but there must be a common chronology, so that historians such as Sima Guang could summarize and sort out all historical events.
In order to facilitate the writing of history, the compilation also has to compile a chronology, so Sima Guang began to conduct a more practical investigation of history, such as the sixth volume of "Zizhi Tongjian", after the death of King Zhou Xun, the next unified dynasty is the Great Qin, so use the emperor of Qin to make the "Qin Ji". At the beginning of this section. The date is the 52nd year of Qin Zhaoxiang (255 BC).
It is precisely because Sima Guang wrote this pragmatically that history can be recorded clearly in the absence of the Common Era.
There are many books, and they also copied this commemorative table, and then said that the Qin Dynasty died in the sixth generation.
We don't actually need to say this now, because we have connected with the world, using the Common Era, which was no way in ancient times, and a monarch had one or more era names.
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