Regulations on Human Organ Donation and Transplantation

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 14.

Regulations on Human Organ Donation and Transplantation

Chapter I: General Provisions.

Article 1: These Regulations are formulated so as to regulate human organ donation and transplantation, to ensure the quality of medical care, to safeguard human health, to preserve the lawful rights and interests of citizens, and to carry forward the Core Socialist Values.

Article 2: These Regulations apply to human organ donation and transplantation within the territory of the People's Republic of China;These Regulations do not apply to the donation and transplantation of human cells, corneas, bone marrow, and other human tissues.

"Human organ donation" as used in these Regulations refers to the voluntary and gratuitous provision of all or part of human organs with specific physiological functions for transplantation, such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, or small intestine.

"Human organ transplantation" as used in these Regulations refers to the activity of implanting donated human organs into the recipient's body to replace their diseased organs.

Article 3: Human organ donation and transplantation efforts are to uphold the supremacy of the people and the supremacy of life. The State is to establish a work system for human organ donation and transplantation, promote human organ donation, standardize the procurement and distribution of human organs, increase the capacity of human organ transplantation services, and strengthen supervision and management.

Article 4: The people's health departments at or above the county level are responsible for the supervision and management of human organ donation and transplantation. The people's development and reform, public security, civil affairs, finance, market supervision and management, medical security and other departments at or above the county level are responsible for work related to human organ donation and transplantation within the scope of their respective duties.

Article 5: The Red Cross Society participates in and promotes human organ donation efforts in accordance with law, carrying out efforts such as publicity and mobilization, willingness registration, donation witnesses, commemoration and commemoration, and humanitarian care for human organ donation, and strengthening the establishment and management of human organ donation organization networks and coordinator teams.

Article 6: No organization or individual may buy or sell human organs in any form, and must not engage in activities related to the sale or purchase of human organs.

Article 7: Any organization or individual has the right to report conduct in violation of the provisions of these Regulations to the health department and other relevant departments;The health department and other relevant departments have the right to report to the relevant departments of the people's ** and the people's ** at the higher level for failure to perform their supervision and management duties in accordance with the law. People**, health departments, and other relevant departments that receive reports shall promptly verify and handle the reports, and where they report in their real names, they shall report the results to the informant.

Chapter II: Donation of Human Organs.

Article 8: Human organ donation shall follow the principles of voluntariness and gratuitousness.

Citizens have the right to donate or not to donate their human organs;No organization or individual may force, deceive, or induce others to donate human organs.

Article 9: Citizens with full capacity for civil conduct have the right to make their own decisions to donate their human organs in accordance with law. Citizens expressing their willingness to donate their human organs shall be in writing or may make a will. Citizens have the right to revoke their willingness to donate their human organs.

Where a citizen expresses his or her disagreement to donate his or her deceased organs before his death, no organization or individual may donate or obtain the citizen's deceased organs;Where a citizen does not express his or her disagreement with the donation of his or her deceased organs, after the citizen's death, his spouse, adult children, and parents may jointly decide to donate, and the decision to donate shall be in writing.

Article 10: No organization or individual may obtain the living organs of citizens under the age of 18 for transplantation.

Article 11: Recipients of living organs are limited to the spouses, direct blood relatives, or collateral blood relatives of living organ donors within three generations.

Article 12: The State is to strengthen publicity, education, and knowledge popularization of human organ donation, and promote the formation of social practices conducive to human organ donation.

News**Public interest publicity on human organ donation shall be carried out.

Article 13: The State encourages organ donation from deceased bodies. Citizens can express their willingness to donate their deceased organs through the registration service system established by the Red Cross Society of China.

Article 14: The Red Cross Society issues donation certificates to the relatives of deceased organ donors, and mobilizes all sectors of society to set up commemorative facilities for deceased organ donors. The establishment of memorial facilities for deceased organ donors shall be adapted to local conditions and pay attention to practical results.

The General Association of the Red Cross Society of China and the ** health department shall regularly organize and carry out commemorative activities for deceased organ donors.

Chapter III: Procurement and Transplantation of Human Organs.

Article 15: Medical establishments engaged in the procurement of organs from deceased bodies shall meet the following requirements:

1) There are departments specifically responsible for the procurement of organs from deceased bodies, as well as management personnel, licensed physicians, and other medical personnel who are suitable for the procurement of organs from deceased bodies;

2) Have the equipment, facilities, and technical capacity to meet the needs of organ procurement from deceased bodies;

3) There is an ethics committee for human organ transplantation that meets the requirements of paragraph 1 of Article 18 of these Regulations;

4) There is a complete system for the quality management and control of the procurement of deceased organs.

Where medical establishments engaged in the procurement of organs from deceased bodies are also engaged in human organ transplantation, the department responsible for the procurement of organs from the deceased shall be independent of the department responsible for organ transplantation.

Article 16: The people's health departments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are to draft plans for deceased organ procurement services on the basis of the circumstances of deceased organ donation in that administrative region, and in consideration of the conditions and service capacity of medical establishments, designate medical establishments engaged in the procurement of deceased organs in that administrative region, and delineate the areas where they provide deceased organ procurement services.

Medical establishments engaged in the procurement of organs from deceased bodies shall provide organ procurement services for deceased bodies within the area designated by the people's health department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where they are located.

Where medical establishments discover potential deceased organ donors who meet the requirements for donation and are willing to donate, they shall report to the medical establishment responsible for providing deceased organ procurement services in their area, and the medical establishment receiving the report shall report to the Red Cross Society of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where they are located.

Organizations or individuals must not transfer potential deceased organ donors across regions for the purpose of obtaining deceased organs, and must not refer information on potential deceased organ donors to organizations or individuals other than those provided for in paragraph 3 of this article.

Article 17: Before obtaining organs from the deceased, the department responsible for the procurement of organs from the deceased shall submit an application for review of the collection of organs from the human organ transplantation ethics committee of the medical institution where they work.

Article 18: The Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee is composed of experts in medicine, law, ethics, and other fields, and the number of medical experts engaged in human organ transplantation in the committee shall not exceed one-quarter of the number of members. The composition and working rules of the Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee shall be formulated by the Ministry of Health.

After receiving an application for review of the acquisition of deceased organs, the Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee shall promptly conduct a review of the following matters:

1) Whether the intention to donate organs from the deceased is genuine;

2) Whether there is a situation of buying or selling or covertly buying or selling deceased organs.

With the consent of more than two-thirds of the members, the Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee may issue a written opinion agreeing to the acquisition of deceased organs. Medical institutions may only obtain deceased organs if the Human Organ Transplant Ethics Committee agrees to obtain them.

Article 19: The acquisition of deceased organs shall be conducted after the deceased organ donor has been determined to have died in accordance with law. Medical personnel engaged in the procurement or transplantation of human organs must not participate in the determination of the death of a deceased organ donor.

The acquisition of deceased organs shall be witnessed by the Human Organ Donation Coordinator. Before procuring organs from deceased bodies, medical establishments engaged in the procurement of organs from deceased bodies shall notify the Red Cross Society of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where they are located. The Red Cross Society that receives the notification shall promptly appoint two or more human organ donation coordinators to witness the organ procurement of deceased bodies.

Medical establishments engaged in the procurement of deceased organs and their medical personnel shall preserve the dignity of deceased organ donors;After the organs have been procured, the body shall be medically disposed of in an ethical manner, and the appearance of the body shall be restored, except for the organs used for transplantation.

Article 20: The distribution of organs from deceased bodies shall meet medical needs and follow the principles of fairness, impartiality, and openness. The specific measures shall be formulated by the health department.

If a patient applies for a human organ transplant and his or her spouse, lineal blood relative, or collateral blood relative within three generations has donated deceased organs, priority will be given under the same conditions.

Article 21: Organs of the deceased shall be uniformly distributed through the distribution system established by the health department. Medical establishments engaged in the procurement or transplantation of deceased organs shall truthfully enter the relevant medical data of deceased organ donors and patients applying for human organ transplantation in the distribution system and promptly update them, and must not falsify or tamper with the data.

Medical establishments and their medical personnel shall implement the distribution system allocation results. It is forbidden for medical establishments and their medical personnel to use deceased organs that have not been allocated by the distribution system or human organs that are unknown.

**The health department shall regularly publish the donation and distribution of deceased organs.

Article 22: The health department, in conjunction with the departments of public security, transportation, railways, civil aviation, and the Red Cross Society of China, is to establish a working mechanism for green channels for the transportation of deceased organs, to ensure efficient and unimpeded transportation of deceased organs.

Article 23: Medical establishments engaged in human organ transplantation shall submit an application to the health department. **The health department shall organize an expert review within 5 working days from the date of acceptance of the application, and make a decision within 15 working days after the completion of the expert review and inform the applicant in writing. **If the health department reviews and agrees, notify the people's health department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located to handle the registration of human organ transplantation diagnosis and treatment subjects, and indicate the human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects that the applicant is allowed to engage in on on the applicant's practice license. The specific measures shall be formulated by the health department.

Medical establishments engaged in human organ transplantation shall meet the following requirements:

1) There are management personnel, licensed physicians and other medical personnel suitable for engaging in human organ transplantation;

2) Have the equipment, facilities and technical capacity to meet the needs of human organ transplantation;

3) There is an ethics committee for human organ transplantation that meets the requirements of paragraph 1 of Article 18 of these Regulations;

4) There is a sound system for the quality management and control of human organ transplantation.

Article 24: In addition to the requirements provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 23 of these Regulations, the health department shall also consider the medical needs, existing service capacity, and human organ donation of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where the applicant is located.

The people's health departments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall promptly publish a list of medical establishments that have already registered for the diagnosis and treatment of human organ transplantation.

Article 25: Where medical establishments that have already completed registration for the subjects of diagnosis and treatment of human organ transplantation no longer meet the requirements provided for in paragraph 2 of article 23 of these Regulations, they shall stop engaging in human organ transplantation and report to the original registration department. The original registration department shall, within 2 working days from the date of receipt of the report, cancel the medical establishment's registration of human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, report to the health department, and make it public.

Article 26: The people's health departments at or above the provincial level shall establish a quality management and control system for human organ transplantation, periodically assess the clinical application capacity of medical establishments for human organ transplantation technology, and promptly publish the assessment results;For those who fail to pass the assessment, the health department shall notify the original registration department to cancel their registration as human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects. The specific measures shall be formulated by the health department.

Article 27: Licensed physicians performing human organ transplantation shall meet the following requirements, be recognized by the people's health department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government, and indicate on the practice certificate:

1) Have professional and technical qualifications suitable for the implementation of human organ transplantation;

2) Have clinical work experience appropriate to the implementation of human organ transplantation;

3) Passed the training and assessment.

Article 28: Where living organs are transplanted, the living organs are to be obtained by medical institutions engaged in human organ transplantation. Before obtaining living organs, the department in charge of human organ transplantation shall submit an application for review of the acquisition of living organs to the Human Organ Transplant Ethics Committee of the medical institution where it is located.

After receiving an application for review of the acquisition of living organs, the Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee shall promptly conduct a review of the following matters:

1) Whether the intention to donate living organs is genuine;

2) Whether there is any buying or selling of living organs, or covertly buying or selling of living organs;

3) Whether there is a relationship between the living organ donor and the recipient as provided for in Article 11 of these Regulations;

4) Whether the matching of living organs and the indications of recipients conform to ethical principles and management standards for the clinical application of human organ transplantation technology.

With the consent of more than two-thirds of the members, the Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee may issue a written opinion agreeing to the acquisition of living organs. Medical institutions may only obtain living organs if the Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee agrees to obtain them.

Article 29: Medical establishments engaged in human organ transplantation and their medical personnel shall perform the following obligations before obtaining living organs:

1) Explain to the living organ donor the risks of organ procurement surgery, postoperative precautions, possible complications and preventive measures, etc., and sign an informed consent form with the living organ donor;

2) Verify the living organ donor's written willingness to donate their organs, and evidence of the existence of the relationship provided for in article 11 of these Regulations between the living organ donor and the recipient;

3) Confirm that it will not impair other normal physiological functions of living organ donors other than the direct consequences of organ procurement.

Medical establishments engaged in human organ transplantation shall preserve the medical data of living organ donors and conduct follow-up.

Article 30: Medical establishments and their medical personnel engaged in the procurement and transplantation of human organs shall abide by ethical principles and relevant technical clinical application management norms.

Article 31: Medical establishments and their medical personnel acquiring or transplanting human organs shall conduct medical examinations of the donors and organs obtained, assess the risk of the recipient receiving a human organ transplant, and take measures to reduce the risk.

Article 32: Medical establishments engaged in human organ transplantation shall not collect or indirectly collect the costs of transplanted human organs except for the following fees charged to the recipients:

1) Medical service expenses such as surgical fees, examination fees, and examination fees, as well as medical expenses and medical consumables expenses incurred in the acquisition of living organs, removal of diseased organs, and implantation of human organs;

2) The cost of organ procurement from deceased bodies paid to medical institutions engaged in the procurement of organs from deceased bodies.

The cost of organ procurement from deceased bodies includes the costs of assessment, maintenance, acquisition, preservation, repair and transportation incurred for the acquisition of deceased organs. The charging principles for the cost of organ procurement from deceased organs shall be formulated by the health department in conjunction with the development and reform, finance, medical security and other departments, and the specific charging standards shall be formulated by the people's health departments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government in conjunction with the development and reform, finance, medical security and other departments at the same level.

Medical establishments engaged in the procurement of organs from deceased bodies shall conduct separate accounting of the costs and expenses of organ procurement from deceased bodies.

Article 33: Human organ donation coordinators, medical establishments, and their staffs shall protect the personal information of human organ donors, recipients, and patients applying for human organ transplantation in accordance with law.

Article 34: The State is to establish a system for registering and reporting cases of human organ procurement and transplantation. Medical establishments engaged in the procurement and transplantation of human organs shall report the circumstances of the procurement and transplantation of human organs to the people's health department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government where they are located.

Chapter IV: Legal Responsibility.

Article 35: The state is to complete mechanisms for connecting administrative law enforcement and criminal justice, lawfully investigating and handling illegal and criminal conduct in human organ donation and transplantation.

Article 36: In any of the following circumstances, where the provisions of these Regulations are violated and a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law:

1) Organizing others to sell human organs;

2) Obtaining living organs of the person without their consent, or obtaining the living organs of citizens under the age of 18, or forcing or deceiving others to donate living organs;

3) Obtaining organs from their bodies against their prior wishes, or where they did not express their consent to donate their organs prior to their lifetime, or obtaining their organs from their bodies against the wishes of their spouses, adult children, or parents, in violation of state regulations.

Where medical personnel have the circumstances listed in the preceding paragraph and are pursued for criminal responsibility in accordance with law, the original practice registration department is to revoke their practice certificates and prohibit them from engaging in medical and health services for life.

Article 37: Where the provisions of these Regulations are violated by buying or selling human organs or engaging in activities related to the sale and purchase of human organs, the local people's health department at or above the county level shall confiscate unlawful gains and impose a fine of between 10 and 20 times the transaction amount;Where a medical institution participates in the above-mentioned activities, the original registration department shall also revoke the medical establishment's human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 10 years, and give sanctions to the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel in accordance with law, and where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall revoke the medical institution's practice license or the original filing department shall order them to stop practicing activities;Where medical personnel participate in the activities described above, their practice certificates shall also be revoked by the original practice registration department, and they shall be banned from engaging in medical and health services for life;where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

Where public employees participate in the sale or purchase of human organs, or engage in activities related to the sale of human organs, they are to be removed from office or expelled from office in accordance with law;where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

Article 38: Where medical establishments engage in human organ transplantation without registering for the diagnosis and treatment of human organ transplantation, the local people's health department at or above the county level shall confiscate the unlawful gains, impose a fine of between 10 and 20 times the unlawful gains, prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 5 years, and give sanctions to the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel in accordance with law, and order the relevant medical personnel to suspend their practice activities for 1 year;where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall also revoke the medical establishment's practice license, or the original filing department shall order it to stop practicing activities, and the original practice registration department shall revoke the practice certificate of the relevant medical personnel.

Where medical establishments no longer meet the requirements provided for in paragraph 2 of article 23 of these Regulations and are still engaged in human organ transplantation, the original registration department is to confiscate the unlawful gains, impose a fine of between 5 and 10 times the unlawful gains, revoke the medical establishment's human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 3 years, and give sanctions to the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel in accordance with law;where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall also revoke the medical establishment's practice license, and order the relevant medical personnel to suspend their practice activities for between 6 months and 1 year.

Article 39: Where medical establishments arrange for persons who do not meet the requirements of article 27 of these Regulations to carry out human organ transplant surgery, the local people's health department at the county level or above is to confiscate unlawful gains and impose a fine of between 100,000 and 500,000 RMB, and the original registration department is to revoke the medical establishment's human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 3 years, and give sanctions to the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel in accordance with law;where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall also revoke the medical establishment's practice license;Relevant personnel shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the law on the management of physicians.

Article 40: In any of the following circumstances, where medical establishments violate the provisions of these Regulations, local people at the county level or above** The health department shall confiscate unlawful gains and impose a fine of between 100,000 and 500,000 RMB, and shall impose sanctions on the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel in accordance with law, and order the relevant medical personnel to suspend their practice activities for between 6 months and 1 year, and may have the original registration department revoke the medical institution's human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, and prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 3 years;where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall also revoke the medical institution's practice license or the original filing department shall order it to stop practicing activities, and the original practice registration department may revoke the practice certificate of the relevant medical personnel

1) Engaging in the procurement of organs from deceased bodies without the conditions provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 15 of these Regulations;

2) Failure to provide organ procurement services for deceased bodies in accordance with the areas designated by the people's health departments of the provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government;

3) Medical personnel engaged in the procurement or transplantation of human organs participate in the determination of the death of deceased organ donors;

4) Failure to allocate deceased organs through the distribution system, or failure to implement the distribution results of the distribution system;

5) Transplantation of human organs using deceased organs that have not been allocated by the distribution system or unknown human organs;

6) Failure to perform the obligations of explanation, inspection, or confirmation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 29 of these Regulations before obtaining living organs;

7) Interfering with the distribution of organs from deceased bodies by means such as falsifying or tampering with data.

Article 41: In any of the following circumstances, the local people's health department at or above the county level is to confiscate unlawful gains, impose a fine of between 100,000 and 500,000 RMB, and give sanctions to the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel in accordance with law;In any of the following circumstances, the original registration department shall also revoke the medical establishment's human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 3 years, and where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall revoke the medical establishment's practice license or the original filing department shall order them to stop their practice activities;In any of the following circumstances, medical personnel shall also be ordered to suspend their practice activities for between 6 months and 1 year, and where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall revoke their practice certificates;where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

1) Trans-regional transfer of potential deceased organ donors for the purpose of obtaining deceased organs;

2) Violating the provisions of paragraph 4 of article 16 of these Regulations by referring information on potential deceased organ donors;

3) Providing false materials in human organ donation and transplantation.

Article 42: Where a medical institution acquires human organs without the review and consent of the Human Organ Transplantation Ethics Committee, the local people's health department at or above the county level is to impose a fine of between 200,000 and 500,000 RMB, and the original registration department is to revoke the medical establishment's human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 3 years, and give sanctions to the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel in accordance with law;where the circumstances are serious, the original practice registration department shall also revoke the medical establishment's practice license, and the original practice registration department shall revoke the relevant medical personnel's practice certificates.

Where the Human Organ Transplant Ethics Committee violates ethical principles or issues false review opinions when reviewing applications for the acquisition of human organs, the relevant responsible persons shall be sanctioned in accordance with law, and the local people's health department at or above the county level shall prohibit them from engaging in medical ethics review activities for life.

Article 43: In any of the following circumstances, where medical establishments violate the provisions of these Regulations, the local people's health department at or above the county level shall impose a fine of between 50,000 and 200,000 RMB, and the responsible leaders and directly responsible personnel shall be punished in accordance with law;where the circumstances are serious, the original registration department shall also revoke the medical establishment's human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects, prohibit them from engaging in human organ procurement or applying for human organ transplantation for 1 year, and order the relevant medical personnel to suspend their practice activities for between 6 months and 1 year

1) The department responsible for the procurement of organs from deceased bodies is not independent of the department responsible for human organ transplantation;

2) Carrying out organ procurement from deceased bodies without the witness of the Human Organ Donation Coordinator;

3) After the organ was acquired, the body was not medically disposed of in accordance with ethical principles in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3 of article 19 of these Regulations, and the appearance of the body was restored;

4) Failure to report on the implementation of human organ procurement or transplantation in accordance with the provisions of Article 34 of these Regulations.

Article 44: In any of the following circumstances, where medical establishments and their medical personnel violate the provisions of these Regulations, they are to be punished in accordance with the provisions of the administrative regulations on the prevention and handling of medical disputes and the handling of medical accidents;where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

1) Failure to conduct a medical examination of a human organ donor or a human organ obtained;

2) Failure to assess the risk of the recipient receiving a human organ transplant and to take appropriate measures;

3) Failure to comply with the relevant technical clinical application management norms.

Article 45: Where human organ donation coordinators, medical establishments, and their staffs violate the provisions of these Regulations by leaking the personal information of human organ donors, recipients, or patients applying for human organ transplant surgery, they are to be punished in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations on the protection of personal information;where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

Article 46: Those who collect fees in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 32 of these Regulations shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the laws and administrative regulations on the management of medical security.

Article 47: In any of the following circumstances, where human organ donation coordinators violate the provisions of these Regulations and have any of the following circumstances, they are to be given sanctions in accordance with law, and the Red Cross Society of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government is to cancel their work credentials as human organ donation coordinators, and they must not serve as human organ donation coordinators for life

1) Failure to witness the collection of organs from the deceased after receiving the assignment;

2) Issuing false witness opinions.

Article 48: Where public employees abuse their authority, derelict their duties, or twist the law for personal gain in human organ donation and transplantation work, sanctions are to be given in accordance with law;where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law.

Article 49: Where the provisions of these Regulations are violated by causing harm to others, civil liability is to be borne in accordance with law.

Chapter V: Supplementary Provisions.

Article 50: These Regulations take effect on May 1, 2024. The Regulations on Human Organ Transplantation shall be repealed at the same time.

Editor: Tan Huiting.