Hello, I'm the owner of the fish hall, a professional reader.
Before, some students said hello, how can I learn to think, how can I see through the essence?
I didn't give a way to think, and asked him to study human instincts, because only by understanding human nature can we truly understand the value of thinking.
Many times, it's not that people don't know how to think, but they don't want to, or don't like to think at all.
In the face of this situation, no matter how much you think about learning Xi, it is useless, and the better way to learn Xi is to go first and see what the consequences and costs will be if you don't think.
When you understand it clearly, you may be able to understand more deeply, why do people think?
If you talk about looking at cases, there is no better way than reading books, for example, the previously popular "The Art of Sober Thinking" and "The Art of Wise Action", which analyzed a large number of cases, illustrating how serious the fallacy of human thinking is.
In addition to books about thinking misunderstandings, there are also social science books that are also worth reading, because powerful theories also need to be used in specific situations, and only after the verification of specific people and things can we know which are the real thinking misunderstandings.
To understand human nature, you must look at social psychology, you see, this is the protagonist of today.
There is a classic book of social psychology, which I have read almost 5 times, read it 3 times, and interpreted it 2 times, and every time I read it, I have new inspiration.
Today I have read this "Rabble" many times, and then I will take it out and share it with you.
Whether you are a regular reader or not, I think you have all heard of the book "The Rabble" because it is so famous and it is a pioneering work in the study of group psychology.
What's even better is that this book was published in 1895, and the author is Le Pen, and it has been 125 years since then. Not only has it been handed down for such a long time, but it is still alive and well, and every once in a while there are arguments about the topic of the rabble.
There is also a saying in intellectual circles, "small intellectuals are vigilant, and big intellectuals are vigilant against the people", which started with the study of the rabble.
Because the book's description of groups is too straightforward and subverts people's common perceptions, some notions can make you feel uncomfortable, for example, Le Pen believes that the characteristics of groups are low intelligence, emotional agitation, increased self-confidence, extreme naivety, etc.
However, these ideas have been repeatedly confirmed, and history has not escaped Le Pen's worries more than 100 years ago.
The biggest difference in this book is that it's about people.
Past history usually likes to record heroes and historical events, and heroes are never isolated existences. It is inseparable from the participation of groups in each era, and even the chaos of groups has led to the progress of the world.
In addition to those controversies, what I gained more from this book as a reader is to add a perspective to myself, we have always been a member of the group, but we have never examined ourselves.
If you want to understand the rabble, listen to me 3 points.
Don't dislike the hall master to say in the vernacular, when I read it, it was full of abstract words, and the book was published in the 21st year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, when the elite intellectuals were busy "reading books on the bus".
At that time, the literacy rate was only about 10 percent, and to put it bluntly, the books at that time were for the elite, and it can be said that the readers themselves had a high level of literacy at that time.
It is to write directly with generalization, logic, reasoning, and argumentation, and it will not be like everyone can read it now.
So what is this book about?
It is to study the psychological phenomenon of people after they form a group, and once they become a group, they will become mentally retarded, easily impulsive, and self-confident psychological characteristics.
The reason why it is called a rabble is that once the group loses its leader, it will be disintegrated in an instant.
For example, in the United States, when the trade unions strike and march, the capitalist bigwigs find the ** party to assassinate the leader, and then the strike group becomes a plate of scattered sand.
But the number of people is a force in itself, and it is an unconscious state of power, no one affects the guidance of this force is a rabble, once someone uses these people, it will evolve into a force that can change the world, just like the Crusades in the Middle Ages, there is no food and grass, no **, no armor, it is a group of inspired homeless people to form stragglers.
3 main points of the book:
Clause. 1. A rabble is a group of people who have common psychological demands.
Clause. 2. Once a group is formed, there will be a decline in intelligence, impulsiveness, false self-confidence, and illogicalness.
Clause. 3. The group has a lot of power, but it needs to be guided and influenced by the group in order to exert it.
By the way, Le Pen is a medical doctor by profession, and she studies "The Rabble" as a hobby.
I "don't want to admit that I'm a rabble."
The word rabble doesn't sound comfortable, it feels like a group of sand sculptures catching fish in the desert.
This is related to the context of different eras, not a group of people piled up together to call a rabble, there are many people at the door of the supermarket every day, why don't you have those problems.
So you don't have to worry that you are, although we have to be a rabble, then who is a rabble?
Just remember that when a group of people have the same mentality, they can become a group, that is, a rabble.
For example, a group of people go to an amusement park to play, although they are all in the same place, but they all have their favorite projects, and there is no unified appeal, at this time, it is just the public and not the rabble.
If there is a sudden power outage at this time, and then the crowd starts to focus on the cause, then the situation starts to change. They began to have a unified psychological appeal, that is, to solve the problem of power outages, when to call, whether they can refund tickets if they can't come, and so on.
In the face of the problem of unification, it is necessary to take action to solve it, and at this time, it becomes the rabble that Le Pen said.
And the rabble doesn't have to be formed somewhere in reality, as long as they form a common psychological characteristic, they can still become a group, for example, a fan group.
And the scary thing is that when you're about to become a rabble, there's no resistance.
Because the influence of the group on the individual is very large, when the group consciousness appears, it will reject the will of the individual. At this time, if you don't accept the idea of the group, you will be isolated. In order to escape the feeling of loneliness and helplessness, people will voluntarily give up their individuality and integrate into the collective.
I remember when I was a kid, everyone was talking about a game after class, and I didn't even have anyone to talk to. Later, I gave in, spent 5 yuan to buy a number, and played with them to slowly integrate in.
Now we say that people with individuality are really cool, and everyone wants to pursue freedom, but when there is a real opportunity to be free, not everyone is willing to bear that loneliness.
Just like in the Matrix, some people just want to return to the original virtual world, because the real is too cruel, and they would rather give up their freedom.
3 knowledge points:
First, when the group has the same psychological demands, it will become a rabble.
Second, the group does not have to be people at the same time and in the same place, as long as a certain psychological characteristic is formed, even if they do not know each other, they can evolve into a rabble.
Thirdly, organizations like businesses, schools, these groups of people, just follow the rules, and are not the rabble that Le Pen said.
The core knowledge points of the rabble.
In a group, people's individuality will be annihilated, the ability to think and reason independently will be lost, and intelligence will also decline, and the main characteristics such as impulsivity, emotional exaggeration, irritability, susceptibility to suggestion, and credulity will be displayed. His views not only subverted people's general understanding of groups, but also had a profound impact on social psychology.
1. When the ancient faith collapses and dies, when the ancient pillars of society fall one after another, the power of the group becomes the only invincible force, and its momentum will continue to grow.
2. Authoritarian personality: the psychological tendency of individuals to give up their freedom in order to escape the feeling of loneliness and helplessness.
3. One of the effects of group spirit on the individual, the spirit gives up the sense of personal responsibility.
4. The group only knows simple and extreme emotions.
5. The individuality of the individual in the group will be suppressed to varying degrees, and even in the absence of any external force, he will be willing to let the group spirit replace his own spirit.
6. Facing information is either absolute truth or absolute absurdity.
7. Groups always like to turn very complex problems into simple slogans.
8. Individuals can accept contradictions and discuss them, but groups will never do this.
9. The uncertainty brought about by doubt will not only not be liked by the masses, but may also cause them to give birth to anger that is enough to kill people.
10. The inner anxiety caused by the exclusion of the group is one of the reasons why people are willing to give up their freedom.
11. Only the singularity of the environment can cause obvious singularity.
Why do groups blindly follow and cannot think independently after gathering?
1. Profound concepts must be transformed before they can be accepted by the masses.
2. The idea that affects society has nothing to do with whether it contains truth or not.
3. The group has only a very low ability to reason, and the ideas it can accept are only superficial similarities or continuity.
4. The group only thinks visually, and there is no logical relationship between these images.
5. Two concepts that the group can accept:
First, the popular perception brought about by the environmental impact of the moment.
Second, the basic concept that has a long-term impact on the operation of society.
6. Society creates a large number of fleeting ideas every day.
7. If you want to have an impact on the group, you can only provide an absolute, simple and clear form, so you must put on a visual coat.
8. A concept can only be accepted by the group in a simple and clear form, so it must undergo a thorough transformation before it can become easy to understand.
9. Don't think that as long as you have the right concept, you can have an effect in the crowd.
10. Characteristics of group reasoning: mixing together things that are different from each other and only superficially similar, and immediately generalizing specific things.
11. The group is like a sleeping person, his rationality has been temporarily suspended, the group has no ability to reason and think, so they can only accept the imagination of the image, and it is difficult to accept the reason and things that need to be considered, but it is unusual, and the legendary story is easy to leave an impression.
The above is the notes of reading this book, although some theories in this book have been falsified, but many times they are still sufficient, and they are more in line with the group psychological characteristics we observe in our daily life, and they are still worth reading repeatedly.
This article was originally published on the public account: Yutang Master loves to read.