Autumn pear sapling management.
1. Overview. Autumn moon pear is a fruit with high nutritional value and medicinal value, and its seedling management is of great significance for improving fruit quality and yield. This article will introduce the main technical measures of autumn pear seedling management, including soil management, fertilization, watering, pruning, pest control, etc.
2. Soil management.
1.Deep soil ploughing: After the fruit is picked in autumn, the pear orchard is deeply ploughed and modified to a depth of about 20-30 cm to improve the soil structure and enhance the ability to retain water and fertilizer.
2.Cultivating and weeding: During the growing period, regular cultivation and weeding are carried out to keep the soil loose and permeable, which is conducive to root growth.
3. Fertilization. 1.Basal fertilizer: After the fruit is picked in autumn, the basal fertilizer is applied in combination with the deep turning soil, mainly organic fertilizer, such as well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, etc., and the application rate is 2000-3000 kg per mu.
2.Top dressing: During the growth period, top dressing is carried out according to the growth of the tree and the nutrient status of the soil. Generally, it is divided into three topdressing periods: before flowering, after flowering and during fruit development. The first top dressing was mainly nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of branches and leaves;The second topdressing was mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to promote flowering and fruitingThe third topdressing was mainly potassium fertilizer, which promoted fruit development and quality improvement.
Fourth, watering. 1.Sprout Water: Water once in the spring before budding to promote budding and flowering.
2.Post-flowering watering: Watering once after flowering to promote young fruit development and alleviate spring drought.
3.Fruit water: Water twice during the fruit development period to promote fruit expansion and quality improvement.
4.Freeze water: Water once before the onset of winter to protect the root system from frost damage.
5. Pruning. 1.Shaping and pruning: According to the requirements of the tree shape, the tree body is reshaped and pruned, so that the tree structure is reasonable, and the ventilation and light transmission are good.
2.Renewal pruning: During the aging period of the tree, new branches are stimulated by renewal pruning to keep the tree strong. During pruning, dead branches, weak branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, etc. should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption and improve the tree structure.
6. Pest control.
1.Agricultural control: strengthen cultivation management and improve the disease resistance of trees;Clean up fallen leaves, fallen fruits and weeds in the orchard in time to reduce germs**;Reasonable pruning to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions.
2.Chemical control: according to the occurrence law of pests and diseases and climatic conditions, select appropriate chemical agents for control. It generally includes insecticides, fungicides and acaricides. When using chemical agents, attention should be paid to safety and environmental protection, choose pesticides with low toxicity, high efficiency and low residue, and prepare and use them in strict accordance with the instructions for use.
3.Biological control: the use of natural enemies, parasitic insects and other biological control methods to control the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases. For example, natural enemies such as red-eyed bees and ladybugs are released to control the pest population;the use of microbial agents to improve plant disease resistance, etc.
7. Harvesting and storage.
1.Harvesting: Harvesting takes place when the fruit is ripe. Mechanical damage and sun exposure should be avoided during harvest to ensure the quality and storability of the fruit.
2.Storage: Qiuyue pear fruit has good storability and can be stored in cold storage or modified atmosphere storage to prolong the shelf life and improve the fruit quality. During the storage process, attention should be paid to controlling the temperature and humidity and other conditions, and regularly check the quality and storage status of the fruit.