After I issued the "measures for cultivating strong seedlings of eggplant", several friends in Shandong and Henan asked about the management measures and methods to promote high yield after eggplant planting, and now I am issuing an answer as follows.
1. Scientific colonization.
Before the seedlings are planted, 3 square farm fertilizer or about 300 kg of commercial organic fertilizer + 60 80 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are applied per mu in combination with land preparation, and the bottom fertilizer must be applied at one time. If there are more underground pests and diseases in the soil of the planting site, it can be combined with the whole field to sprinkle fungicides such as thiamethoxam granules and dichlorethoxam granules for sterilization and insecticide treatment and ridges.
When transplanting and planting in the open field, try to choose a cloudy or sunny day in the afternoon when the water evaporation is not strong for planting, and the greenhouse planting should be carried out during the period of high temperature.
When planting seedlings, use microbial agents to dip the roots to prevent diseases such as cataplexy and stem base rot after eggplant planting. It should be noted that the open field should not be exposed to high temperature and strong light for 2 or 3 days, and there should be no significant cooling and continuous rainy weather within 5 or 7 days.
When eggplant seedlings are transplanted and planted, the temperature should not be lower than 15 20 degrees, after planting, it is necessary to water the root water in time, and cover the mulch film in time after 2 or 3 days, or you can cover the ground first and then punch the seedlings on the mulch, not mulched planting in 7 10 days after planting, and then water 1 time after the seedlings survive, eggplant mulching planting can not only keep warm and moisture, but also control the growth of weeds and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
The planting density can be planted according to the row spacing of 50 60 cm, the plant spacing of 30 40 cm, and the density of 1800-2000 seedlings per mu can be planted.
2. Fertilizer and water management.
After eggplant seedlings are planted and the seedlings survive, if the soil is short of fertilizer and the seedlings are weak, at this time, about 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be appropriately chased per mu to raise seedlings.
Under the premise of applying plantar fertilizer, watering through planting water and slowing seedling water, until the eggplant opens the first flower and the eggplant sits down, it is necessary to water and fertilize less, during this period, the squatting seedlings can promote the roots, strengthen the trees, promote the flower buds, and prevent the growth, and wait until the first eggplant at the bottom of the eggplant is about to start to expand after sitting, at this time, in the formal watering and fertilization, it can be combined with watering 10 per mu 15 kg of urea or 20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, wait until the eggplant enters the peak period of fruiting, at this time, combined with watering per mu to apply 15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, generally eggplant can be fertilized 2 times in a row.
After flowering and fruiting, it is generally watered once every 5 7 days according to the amount of rain in the weather and the change of soil dryness and wetness, and the soil should be watered frequently from after eggplant fruit setting to before harvesting to keep the soil moist at all times.
In order to make eggplant better flowering and fruiting, promote the expansion of young fruits, and improve the quality of fruits, foliar top dressing was carried out, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate + boric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate + chelated calcium were sprayed once each in the early flowering stage, the early stage of young fruit expansion after flowering, and the early stage of young fruit expansion.
3. Plant adjustment.
1. Pruning and pruning: The ability of eggplant meristem side branches is very strong, and pruning must be carried out, otherwise there are too many branches and leaves. Nutrient dispersion will affect flowering and fruit setting and affect the expansion and development of young fruits. Generally, after the eggplant blooms the first flower and sits on the first fruit, on the basis of retaining the two strong branches above the eggplant as the main branch, all the side branches and side buds below the eggplant should be cut off. After that, when the plant grows every 1 layer of branches, it is pruned according to this method, that is, only 2 strong branches are selected for flowering and fruiting in each layer of eggplant, and all the branches and buds of other levels are cut off.
When the eggplant is pruned, whether the eggplant is left depends on the growth of the plant, if the eggplant seedling grows faster and more vigorously, the eggplant will be removed later, and if the eggplant seedling grows slowly and weakly, the eggplant will be removed early.
Topping: If it is planted in the open field, the eggplant that can be capped by itself generally does not need to be topped, and the eggplant that grows infinitely and cannot be capped by itself needs to be topped. Generally, the plant height reaches 1When 5 meters and above, it is necessary to top the eggplant at this time, and choose a sunny day when topping and topping, and only need to pinch off a small section of the top growth point. In this way, the top advantage is eliminated, the redistribution of nutrients is promoted, and the yield is increased by promoting flowers and fruits.
Remove the old leaves: The old leaves affect ventilation and lighting, and also consume too many nutrients to affect flowering and fruiting, so it is necessary to pick the old leaves at the bottom. Generally, when the young eggplant fruit of the penultimate layer of eggplant grows to 3 4 cm, the old leaves are picked, only 1 2 leaves are picked each time, and the old yellow leaves, withered leaves, and diseased leaves below the young fruits are only removed each time, and 2 3 green functional leaves above the young fruits cannot be picked.