Since the date of the Anti-Japanese War, China has been able to recruit countless ace troops who can fight well. If you ask which unit has the strongest combat effectiveness and is the most capable of fighting?I'm afraid no one can say clearly, but if you want to say that the troops that have never won a civil war or lost a foreign war, it must be the 60th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, which is the most legendary.
Origin. As a unit from Yunnan, like the troops of many local warlords in the ** period, the predecessor of the Yunnan Army was the 19th Town of the New Army trained in Yunnan at the end of the Qing Dynasty. After the Xinhai Revolution, the 19th town of the Yunnan New Army was renamed the Dian Army. In 1915, under the leadership of General Cai Yi, the Dian army participated in the "Protectorate War" against Yuan Shikai's proclamation as emperor.
Cai Yi. After the outbreak of the "Lugou Bridge Incident" in 1937, China and Japan went to war in an all-out manner. Long Yun, who was the chairman of Yunnan Province at the time, contributed to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and also began to unify and reorganize all the troops in Yunnan, drawing elite soldiers from several local regular army units and combining them into one army, that is, the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army, with Lu Han as the first commander.
At that time, the 60th Army had 182 divisions, 183 divisions, and 184 divisions, each division had 2 brigades, and each brigade had 2 regiments, with a total of 12 combat regiments. Each infantry regiment has 3 infantry battalions, plus a regimental mortar company equipped with 4 mortars;The regiment belonged to an anti-aircraft machine gun company, equipped with 132 mm Hatch Chase heavy machine guns. Each infantry battalion has 3 infantry companies and 1 machine gun company, which is armed with 6 Hatch Chase heavy machine guns.
In addition, the division has 1 special service company, 1 communications company, 1 engineer battalion, 1 baggage battalion, and 1 field hospitalAnd the army has mountain artillery troops. Due to the proximity of Yunnan to Vietnam, a French colony at that time, the equipment of the 60th Army was mainly purchased from France, and the most eye-catching and distinctive symbol was a French-style steel helmet per person.
The French helmet can be said that the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army, which was built with such sophisticated equipment and the best military personnel in Yunnan Province, not only crushed many other miscellaneous armies, but also compared with the strongest ** army "German Armor Division", it is not lagging behind. With the power of Yunnan Province, the 60th Army, an elite division of 40,000 people, was destined to be extraordinary.
Long Yun. The debut was a bloody battle.
In April 1938, the 60th Army on standby in Changde, Hunan Province, was ordered to go to Taierzhuang to deploy defenses in the area of Yuwang Mountain, the southeast defense line of Taierzhuang, block the Japanese army moving south, and cover the retreat of more than 500,000 ** in Xuzhou.
People who are familiar with the history of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression know that as the elite troops of the Japanese army invading China, the two divisions marched all the way, without tasting defeat, and were very arrogant.
But in Yuwang Mountain, from April 22 to May 18, a full 27 days, in the face of the desperate resistance of the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army, the elite troops of the Japanese army who did not even pay attention to the ** armyPlanes, tanks, artillery, and even poison gas bombs were used, but they failed to move forward, and the three divisions of the 60 th Army were always firmly nailed to Yuwang Mountain like wedges, standing still.
60th Army. Yuwang Mountain Blockade Battle, 60 Army killed 13,869 people, wounded more than 5,000 people, including 1 major general brigade commander, 5 regiment commanders, 1 deputy regiment commander martyrdom, the first battle was ** nearly 50%, sacrificed regimental and above 7 officers, the tragedy of the battle can be imagined, but also reflects the determination and courage of the hot-blooded men of the Yunnan Army to kill the enemy to serve the country. In this battle, a total of more than 12,000 Japanese troops were annihilated, and more than a quarter of more than 50,000 people of the two most elite divisions of the Japanese army were killedIt greatly dampened its spirit, restrained the pace of the Japanese army's rapid attack, and won valuable time for the strategic deployment of the following Battle of Wuhan.
The 60th Army fought hard against the two divisions of the Japanese Army for nearly a month with the strength of one army, and became famous in the first war!
Later, the 60th Army successively participated in important battles such as the Battle of Wuhan, the Battle of Nanchang, and the Battle of Changsha. In September 1940, the Japanese army occupied Vietnam, and the army was transferred back to Kunming, Yunnan, under the command of the Kunming camp, and was organized into the 1st Route Army of the 1st Group Army, and participated in the defense of the southern Yunnan border to block the Japanese army attacking from Vietnam. Since then, as a watchdog unit composed of Yunnan soldiers, it has been stationed in Yunnan until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
was used by Chiang to fight a civil war, and Zeng Zesheng waited for an opportunity to revolt.
In August 1945, Japan announced its surrender. The 60th Army, together with its brother unit, the 93rd Army, entered North Vietnam on behalf of ** and surrendered.
In October 1945, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the ** army troops stationed in Yunnan to suddenly enter Kunming, the provincial capital, to force the "King of Yunnan" Long Yun**, and remove him from all his posts as deputy commander of the army, director of the Kunming camp, and provincial chairman, and transferred to Chongqing to serve as the chairman of the military senate. It turned out that Chiang Kai-shek's transfer of the 60th Army and the 93rd Army into Vietnam was actually a plan to divert the tiger from the mountain, and Long Yun, who had no caretaker by his side, had no choice but to give in, and the 60th Army and the 93rd Army he created also left Vietnam and went to the Northeast Battlefield to fight the civil war for Lao Chiang.
Long Yun and Chiang Kai-shek In November 1945, after the army was adjusted, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Zeng Zesheng as the army commander.
What made Commander Zeng and the 60th Army feel sad and indignant was that this unit, which was once famous on the battlefield of resistance against Japan, was dismembered as soon as it set foot on the land of the northeast: the 182nd Division was assigned to the command of the new 1st Army;The 184th Division is under the direct jurisdiction of the Northeast Governor's Department;The provisional 21st Division is under the jurisdiction of the New 6th Army. All of a sudden, Zeng Zesheng, commander of the 60th Army, became a "bare-bones commander."
On May 31, 1946, in the battles of Anshan and Haicheng, the Kuomintang army could not be rescued when they saw death, coupled with the effective rebellion work of our army, Pan Shuorui, the commander of the 184th Division, led the division headquarters and 1 regiment to revolt in Haicheng. In the follow-up battles launched by the Northeast People's Liberation Army (PLA) such as "three to the south of the Yangtze River and four to protect the river" and the summer offensive, the 21st and 184th Divisions were basically disabled and almost lost their combat effectiveness.
Zeng Zesheng, who later became a lieutenant general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, later contracted his defenses and retreated to Changchun City, and the situation of the 60th Army, as a miscellaneous army, deteriorated day by day. The charge is cannon fodder in front, but the treatment in other aspects is the worst.
Taking the issue of food as an example, although Changchun City has been besieged by Dongye for several months, the New 7th Army, a descendant of the Kuomintang that also defends the city, still eats rice and white noodles airdropped by its own transport planes every dayBut what about the 60th Army?In the end, there was no food, so they could only eat bean cakes prepared to feed the horses to satisfy their hunger, so that ordinary soldiers had no fighting spirit, and often took advantage of the night to run in rows and companies to the opposite People's Liberation Army position to surrender, and the middle and senior officers were generally war-weary, and the people's hearts were fluctuating, and no one wanted to work for Lao Jiang anymore. The situation of the 60 Army was constantly deteriorating.
Since arriving in the Northeast, the troops have been dismembered as cannon fodder;Every move is monitored by secret agents;Discrimination and exclusion everywhere, etc., all these experiences made Commander Zeng Zesheng and the generals of the 60th Army angry and humiliated.
Zheng Dongguo. Finally, the volcano erupted that had been suppressed for too long, and after secret discussions with his division commanders Long Yao, Bai Zhaoxue and others, on October 17, 1948, the 60th Army announced an uprising in Changchun under the leadership of the army commander Zeng Zesheng, and at the same time forced the new 7th Army in Changchun City to accept the reorganization of the People's Liberation Army. On October 21, Zheng Dongguo, deputy commander of the Northeast "Suppression Commander-in-Chief", and his subordinates surrendered to the People's Liberation Army in the Changchun **Bank. The big city of Changchun was finally liberated peacefully and returned to the embrace of the people.
The success of the 60 th Army's Changchun Uprising not only accelerated the course of the Liaoshen Campaign and reduced the loss of life and property, but also had a positive significance in that in the War of Liberation, it created an example of the first successful uprising of the Kuomintang army entrenched in a large city, and contributed an indispensable contribution to the heavy damage and division and disintegration of Chiang Kai-shek's military clique.
From then on, on the battlefield of the War of Liberation, there were more and more uprisings in front of the entire Kuomintang army and even the entire group army, which greatly accelerated the process of the National Liberation War, and the reactionary rule of the Chiang dynasty was gradually shaken and defeated.
Accept the adaptation and prestige on the Korean battlefield.
After the reorganization of the 60th Army uprising, it was incorporated into Siye and officially reorganized into the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The original three subordinate divisions were named the 148th Division, 149th Division, and 150th Division of the 50th Army respectively, Zeng Zesheng succeeded him as the commander of the 50th Army, Xu Wenlie was the political commissar, and a group of PLA officers and combat backbones were supplemented. After receiving a series of positive measures, such as reorganization and intensive training and ideological education and transformation, the whole army of the 50 th Army has taken on a new mental outlook, and this outstanding unit with glorious achievements has been reborn with the help and transformation of the people's army.
After the end of the Liaoshen Campaign, the 50th Army entered the pass with Siye and successively participated in the Pingjin Campaign, the Western Hubei Campaign and the Chengdu Campaign, all of which achieved good results.
In late September 1950, the 50th Army was ordered to go to the northeast and assemble in the Sino-Korean border area to stand by. On October 25, 1950, the 50th Army crossed the Yalu River and became the first batch of troops to enter the Korean War, together with the 38th, 39th, 40th, 42nd, and 66th armies.
In late December 1950, the third campaign began. On the way to Seoul, the 50th Army encountered a battalion of the 25th Division of the US Army, and after defeating it, it encountered the 29th Brigade of the British Army, and after a fierce battle, the 1st Battalion of the Auster Rifle Regiment and the Royal Tank Battalion of the brigade were annihilated.
On January 4, 1951, the 442nd Regiment of the 50th Army took the lead in entering Seoul and became the first volunteer army to enter Seoul.
The 50th Army entered Seoul.
The most famous example of the 50th Army in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was the Han River Resistance Battle fought with the 38th Army in the Fourth Campaign.
In order to block the rapid advance of the U.S. mechanized corps, and win time for other volunteer brother units to retreat and **. From January 25 to March 15, 1951, for 50 days and nights, on the south bank of the Han River, the 50th Army and the 38th Army with relatively backward equipment and a limited strength of more than 40,000 people stubbornly blocked the large-scale fierce attack of 230,000 people led by the United StatesAlthough the 50th Army is more than half, it does not take a step back. Like the famous Battle of Shangganling, the Han River Resistance Battle has become another classic example of our army's defeat of the superior with the inferior and the victory of more with less.
Regarding the two armies of the Han River Resistance Battle, the 38th Army naturally does not need to say much, the original Siye main force, the "Long Live Army" in the mouth of General Peng, and let the 50th Army fight such a critical battle, many people in the Zhisi before the war questioned it, maybe they forgot that fighting a tough blocking war is the old business of the 50th Army, and during the Anti-Japanese War, it is not just a random unit that can play the record like the Yuwangshan Resistance Battle.
In the end, Mr. Peng decided to use the 50th Army as the main force and fight a difficult defensive battle with the 38th Army. Because for every officer and soldier of the 50th Army, this cruel battle is a battle of honor for the "right" of the 50th Army.
In the Han River blockade battle, our army killed more than 10,000 enemies, which effectively guaranteed the counterattack of the main force of the Volunteer Army on the Eastern Front. In this battle, the fact that 50 military iron and blood made all the previous doubts disappear, and officially became the main force of our army.
After the war,The 50th Army has become the "strongest defensive force of our army" in the heart of Peng Zongkousaid proudly: "In the hands of someone Jiang, this army is 'sixty bears', and in the hands of someone Mao, it is 'fifty fierces'."
Volunteers. After several adaptations, it is still guarding the country.
In April 1955, the 50th Army returned from North Korea and was assigned to the Shenyang Military Region and stationed in Dandong. In 1967, the 50th Army was transferred to Sichuan. In 1969, the 149th Division of the 50th Army and the 52nd Division of the 18th Army exchanged numbers. In 1979, the 50th Army participated in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam. In 1985, the 52nd Division was reorganized into the 52nd Mountain Infantry Brigade of the ** Military Region. It is currently stationed in the frontline area against India.
Throughout the military history of the 50th Army (formerly the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army), the legendary story of "an expert in foreign wars and outsiders in civil wars" is actually a simple feeling of family and country, a kind of moving spiritual inheritance, and the patriotic essence of "not wanting to fight in the nest and hitting foreign enemies at gunpoint" is awe-inspiring.
Today, with such a heroic army with a hundred years of history and glorious achievements, it is still guarding the border for the motherland, which can be described as the peace of mind of the people of the country and the luck of the nation!