The term "fragments" originated from Wang Shoudao, then director of the Political Department of the First Column of the Military Commission, in an article entitled "Fragments of the Ninth Army Corps Detachment in the Long March".
This refers to the second crossing of the Wujiang River, the Red Ninth Army failed to keep up with the large army because of the task of transferring the enemy, so it walked a long march alone, and Wang Shoudao was in the ranks of the Red Ninth Army at that time. Anyone who writes about the Red Ninth Army will inevitably mention this period of history. Let's put that aside for a moment and talk about another thing. Xiao Du saw a saying: The first unit to set off on the Long March was the Red Ninth Army. Friends who know about the Long March know at a glance that this statement is most likely wrong. Because if you look at it from the Long March as a whole,Red VI and Red VII CorpsThe departure must have preceded the Red Ninth Army. Even if it is limited to the departure of the ** Red Army, it is impossible for the Red Ninth Army to go first, because it is a flank unit, and it will not be more red than the avant-garde.
1. The Red Third Army set off first. Since the departure of the Long March is mentioned, let's talk about this digression first: On what day did the Red Army start the Long March?
Oil painting "Ten to the Red Army".
At first glance, this question may seem like it shouldn't be a problem, but it's not...Let's look at two examples. In "Understanding the Long March" compiled by the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution, it is written like this:
On the evening of October 10, the headquarters of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army led the main force of 860,000 people, starting from Ruijin and other places, embarked on a long journey of strategic transfer.
In the People's Liberation Army Publishing House's "Look at the Map, Talk about the Long March" (by Zhao Feipeng), it is like this:
On the evening of October 16, 1934, the vanguard of the ** Red Army (i.e., the Red First Army) resolutely crossed the Duhe River (i.e., the Gongjiang River) in the Yiyi Xibeili of the people in the Soviet area, opening the prelude to the 25,000-mile Long March.
Both books are serious publications, which one is correct?
Looking at Wang Shuzeng's "Long March" and the "History of the Red Army's Long March" by the ** Party History Research Office, the lectures are more comprehensive:On 10 October, it marched towards the assembly area;The assembly was completed on 16 October;On the evening of October 16, the Red First Army set off first;On October 17, the main forces of the Red Army officially set out. In this way, all three times seem to make sense. October 10th is the day of ** leaving Ruijin;On the 16th, the vanguard did set out;The 17th is the official departure. But if you have to be more serious, which day should it be?I can only read the most authoritative "History of the Communist Party of China", which is written like this:
On the evening of October 10, the Red Army began to implement a strategic shift. ...Starting from the 17th, the five corps of the main force of the Red Army and the organs of the Military Commission and the troops directly under the Red Army totaled 8More than 60,000 people embarked on the journey of strategic transfer and began the famous Long March.
This is very clear and there is an answer, the departure time of the Long March isOctober 17, 1934。"Commencement" does not mean departure, but refers to assembly, that is, preparation for departure.
This answer reflects the view of history: ** The Red Army is a whole. Because, the Red Fifth Army, which was in charge of the palace, did not withdraw from the front line until 7 o'clock in the evening of the 17th. It would be a mistake to define the departure date of the Long March as October 10. In the same way, "departure on the 16th" is not appropriate. On October 10, it was "the beginning of the strategic shift", so there is no problem in saying that it is "the beginning of the Long March", but it should not be said that it is "the departure of the Long March". The time when the column of the Military Commission crossed the Du River wasOctober 18th。Well, the Red Ninth Army, which was the flank, should also have set off between the 17th and 18th. Alright, let's get down to business. The article is divided into three parts: before the "fragment", "after the fragment", and "after the fragment". 01
From Changting to Xiangjiang.
The first assembly point of the Red Ninth Army before the start of the Long March wasChangtingOctober 7thThe commander-in-chief gave the regiments an order for a strategic shift and made detailed arrangements. Commander of the Red Ninth LegionLuo Binghuiand commissarsCai ShufanThe order received was: transfer to Changting on the 7th;8 days in situ seclusion;On the night of the 8th, he moved to the vicinity of Ruijin and hid it;On the 9th, Luo and Cai reported to the Military Commission. The following picture is a schematic diagram of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression", the characters are relatively small, and the three locations of Xiaodubiao are: Yudu, Ruijin, and Changting. The red five-pointed star is the four positions of the Red Ninth Army in different phases of the campaign, so that its course of action can be roughly seen. 
It is obvious that the Ninth Army Corps arrived near Ruijin on the 9th, and on the 10th it should have marched towards the assembly area together with the Military Commission column. The Red Ninth Army was a relatively early unit that withdrew from the front line to rest and recuperate, and at the end of September it assembled east of Changting. It is not logical to define the Red Ninth Army as the earliest to start the Long March. If we want to emphasize the contribution of the Red Ninth Army to the Long March, we should talk about itRed 24th Division。Because, in the order of the Military Commission on the 7th, the Red 24th Division of the Red Ninth Army was left at the southeast end (the pentagram at the bottom of the picture above), under the direct command of the Military Commission, covering the transfer of large forces. In the end, this force failed to participate in the Long March, and most of them died. Therefore, there were only two divisions of the Red Ninth Army participating in the Long March: the Red 3rd Division of Luo Binghui and the Red 22nd Division of Zhou Zikun, with a total strength of 1More than 10,000 people and less than 4,000 guns. At the beginning of the Long March, the Red Ninth Army was located on the left flank of the large army, with the Red First Army in front and the ** column (Military Commission Column) on the right. 
On the side of the Red Ninth Army, facing the Guangdong Army, because the Red Army and Chen Jitang had a secret agreement of "borrowing the road", so during the passage of the first three blockade lines, the Red Ninth Army encountered fewer enemies, and the battle was mainly concentrated in the front of the Red.
1. The Red Third Army. After entering the territory of Hunan, the Red Third Army attacked Jiahe, and the Red First Army occupied Linwu on November 17. In order to improve the efficiency of the march, ** personally commanded the Red Ninth Army to break to the front, annihilate a battalion of the enemy, and occupy the Blue Mountain west of Linwu. 
November 22nd, the Red Army arrivedDao County, and plans to cross Xiaoshui west on the 25th and advance into the Xiangjiang River. The Red Army's initial plan was to march on four fronts in an attempt to disrupt the enemy's deployment and cross the Xiang River from multiple routes. Red.
9. The Red Eighth Army, organized as the 4th Column, was located at the southernmost point, crossing Xiaoshui from Jianghua south of Daoxian, and then passing through Yongming and Guanyang, and advancing towards Xing'an. This is the bottom red line in the diagram below. 
But the Gui army made a full-scale attack on the 27th and seized itIrrigation of the sunwithHung Yen, with the intention of closing the "corridor" for the Red Army to cross the river. The Red Ninth Army had to turn north and move closer to the larger forces. At the same time, the Red Eighth Army received an order to go northeast of GuanyangWater wheelsThe area rendezvous with the Red 6th Division of the 3rd Red Army. This history was mentioned in "The Life and Death Line of the Long March: From Ruijin to Xiangjiang", at that time, because the ** army in the rear was chasing fiercely and the military situation was urgent, under the suggestion of ***, ** temporarily left the Red 1st Division of the First Army Corps and the Red 6th Division of the Third Army Corps. The Red Eighth Army was going to replace the Red 6th Division, because at that time the Red Third Army had two defensive support points on the southern front:BoundarywithXinwei, so there is a serious shortage of troops. On November 30, when the Red Eighth Army arrived at the waterwheel, the Red 6th Division had already gone to reinforce Xinwei. The troops encountered by the Eighth Army Corps at the watermill were Chen Shuxiang's 34th Division of the Red Fifth Army…This means that the Red Eighth Army went to the back of the whole army. After leaving the watermill, the Eighth Army Corps began to chase the Red Ninth Army in front, but at this moment, the Gui Army broke through the southern defense line and inserted into the Red.
8. The middle of the Red Ninth Army.
Zhang Qingtao's oil painting "Xiangjiang Campaign".
December 1, the last day of the bloody battle on the Xiangjiang River. Early in the morning, except for the two Military Commissar columns and the Red.
1. Two divisions of each of the three Red Army Corps crossed the Xiang River, and the other eight divisions were still on the east bank of the Xiang River. Red.
5. Red. 8. None of the six divisions of the Red Ninth Army crossed the river. The Red Fifth Regiment is red because it performs rearguard missions.
8. Red 9 is because the marching route is too long. In the battle of the Xiangjiang River, these three corps suffered the heaviest losses. Red.
5. The Red Ninth Army was later reduced to 3 regiments, and the Red Eighth Army only broke through with more than 1,000 people, including the later founding marshal
From Wujiang River to Jinsha River.
The experience of the Red Ninth Army after crossing the Xiangjiang River will not be described in detail. Battle of Tucheng, the Ninth Army and the Red First Army fought together on the front line;Battle of ZunyiAt that time, the Ninth Army Corps, together with the Red Fifth Army Corps, blocked the enemy from the rear at Loushan Pass. The Red Ninth Army at this stage is more like a mobile force. In fact, this also reflects the change in the military command of the Red Army after the Zunyi Conference, from dogmatism to flexibility and mobility. On March 22, the Red Army crossed the Chishui River for the fourth time, but by this time it had not completely jumped out of the encirclement, because the Wujiang River was still crossed on the way south. On March 27, the Red Ninth Army received an order to disguise itself as the main force to operate on the west flank to cover the large force moving south from the east to the Wujiang River. The Ninth Army Corps completed its task brilliantly, and the main forces of the Kuomintang were always pinned down on the Western Front. On the 31st, the Red Army crossed the Wujiang River from Jiangkou, Datang, Tiziyan and other places. After the column of the Central Military Commission crossed the river, a company of the cadre regiment stood at the end, and when it heard that the Red Fifth Army had crossed the river from elsewhere, it dismantled the pontoon bridge. ** After hearing the news, he became angry, because it was actually the Red Ninth Army that walked last, so he ordered the cadres to rebuild the pontoon bridge. In the TV series "The Great Turn", this history is told.
But the Red Ninth Army was unable to cross the river in the end, and by the time they reached Wujiang, the enemy had already taken control of the crossing. According to Wang Shoudao's statement: The Ninth Army has lost its team. From this point on, the Red Ninth Army completed a long march alone, which lasted more than a month. Regarding this route, Xiao Du drew the following picture, purple is the Red Ninth Army, and red is the main force of the Red Army. It can be seen that the two marching routes were basically parallel, but the Red Ninth Army experienced some twists and turns at the beginning. 01
Old Mukong ambush.
At the end of March, after the Red Ninth Army was blocked on the north bank of the Wujiang River, the telegram received from the Central Military Commission was very simple: stay in Guizhou for the time being, fight guerrilla warfare, and seek an opportunity to join the main force.
After discussing with political commissar He Changgong, Luo Binghui decided to walk back 20 miles first, and then march westward like the main Red Army. He Changgong had just assumed the post of political commissar before the Ninth Army Corps carried out the task of transferring the enemy, and Cai Shufan, the former political commissar, was transferred to the column of the Central Military Commission. On April 3, the Red Ninth Army returned to the vicinity of Dagu Xinchang (now Jinsha County, Bijie City). April 4, in a calledOld wooden holesplace to stay and recuperate. As soon as it stopped, a scout came to report that three regiments of the Judah Talents of the Guizhou Army had been found nearby. Luo Binghui and He Changgong decided to fight an ambush on the spot. But before the battle began, an accident occurred: the enemy was much more than three regiments. In other words, the Red Ninth Army could only fight more with less. At the critical moment, Luo Binghui calmed down and kept his troops still, and only when the headquarters of the Guizhou army entered the ambush circle did he launch a fierce attack. When the headquarters was attacked, the Qianjun army was immediately disorganized, and it was soon defeated, and the Red Ninth Army captured more than 1,800 people. The prisoners could not be brought, so they could only be released, but the ** ammunition of the Ninth Army Corps was greatly replenished. 02
The scoop well is red.
The Red Ninth Army marched westward, capturing the Huang'erjing in Dading County on April 6, which was a large bazaar. The Red Army was given three days of rest at the Scoop Well. Of course, it's not just a rest, it's also about beating local tyrants and sharing floating wealth. This "crackdown" has expanded the popularity of more than 300 young people. The Red Ninth Army also made more than 800 new military uniforms here.
Cat farm distress. After leaving Huang'erjing, the Red Ninth Army did not continue westward, but went straight south, and after four days of continuous marching, it came to Maochang Town in Zhijin County on April 13.
Judging from this route of marching, the Ninth Army Corps should have wanted to cross the Wujiang River near Maochang at that time, because the main force of the Red Army was there at that timePurple cloudsnearby, and spent on the 18thBeipan River。After the Battle of Laomukong, the journey of the Red Ninth Army has been very smooth, not only with guns and food, but also with a growing rank. Moreover, the uniforms of the Guizhou army taken from the prisoners camouflaged the forward troops well, and they often did not need to shoot a single shot when fighting local militia groups. Things are often like this, as soon as it goes well, the taut "string" is easy to relax, and when it is relaxed, something happens. The Red Ninth Legion chose to be inCat farmstationed because "the string is loose". The town is located in a canyon, and the exit is a stepped path carved out of the cliff face, allowing only one person to pass through.
Today's Catfarm Town.
The Ninth Legion only planned to camp here for one night, leaving at 4 a.m., and the enemy rarely launched night battles, so they relaxed their vigilance against this terrain. At half past three in the morning, a division of the Qianjun army launched an attack on the town of Maochang. The Ninth Army hastily established a defensive line, but the enemy attack was fierce. At that time, political commissar He Chang was injured and sick, and the corps commander Luo Binghui had to break through first, so the heavy responsibility of organizing the battle fell on the chief of staffGuo Tianminbody. Guo Tianmin was enrolled in the sixth phase of Huangpu, participated in the Guangzhou Uprising, and joined the party in 1927. It is said that he is also a descendant of Guo Ziyi, a general of the Tang Dynasty. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guo Tianmin became one of the 57 founding generals. Under the calm command of Guo Tianmin, the Red Ninth Army fought and retreated, slowly withdrew from the trail at the entrance of the town, and finally got out of danger, but also paid the price of more than 400 people, and the loss of ammunition and materials was serious. 04
Skillfully cross the Beipan River.
After evacuating the cat farm, the Red Ninth Army turned west and cameWater City(now Liupanshui) area, and lingered in this area for a long time. During this period, the ** Military Commission called and instructed the Ninth Army Corps to cross the Beipan River and enter Yunnan. However, because the various crossings at that time were already guarded by the enemy, it was very difficult to cross the river. In the end, it was the local people who helped the Red Army survive. This original text is an excerpt from Wang Shoudao's article.
At that time, there were enemies in front and behind, and the situation was very urgent, and at the same time, the water of the Beipan River was very urgent, known as the Little Yellow River. We already had a heavy enemy force at the place where we were going to cross the river, so we had to find another place to cross the river from the peasants. Be guided by a farmer and find a ferry crossing through a quirky path. There were many great towering rocks in the river, and we picked some sticks, put them on two large rocks, and climbed over the bad water one by one, while the mules and horses asked the peasants to bring them through another small opening, and floated through this one. Many warriors said that this strange water gave birth to such stones, and we climbed over this strange bridge, which we have never seen in our lives.
Luo Binghui, a native of Yunnan.
Luo Binghui was a native of Yiliang in northeastern Yunnan, joined the Yunnan Army in 1915 and participated in the Protectorate War and the Northern Expedition. In 1929, he secretly joined the party, and in November of that year, he led the Jiangxi Ji'an Jingwei Brigade to revolt and joined the Red Army. After the Red Ninth Army entered Yunnan, the influence of Luo Binghui, a native of Yunnan, became apparent. On April 26, the Red Army successfully capturedXuanwei。Ham was abundant here, and the Ninth Legion was once again replenished with provisions. On April 29, the Central Military Commission of the Central Revolution issued the "Instructions on the Field Army Quickly Crossing the Jinsha River and Transferring to Western Sichuan to Establish a Soviet Area," which stipulated:After the Ninth Army occupied Dongchuan, the camera crossed the river。The Red Ninth Army attacked Dongchuan and received strong support from the people of Yunnan. According to Wang Shuzeng's "Long March", the common people at that time "arrested and shot the county magistrate who insisted on opposing the Red Army, and then opened the city gate to welcome the Red Army." Here is an insert sentence, and this paragraph is written in the "Long March", which talks about ".Occupy the county seat of AizawaAnd in the "History of the Long March of the Red Army" and Wang Shoudao's article, it is mentioned that ".Dongchuan County
The ancient city of Aizawa. This is because the "Dongchuan Mansion" in ancient times refers to the area of Qiaojia, Huizawa, and Dongchuan now. At that time, Dongchuan County was renamed Huize County in 1929, and the current Dongchuan refers to the Dongchuan District of Kunming. Therefore, the narrative in "The Long March" is accurate. However, in the telegram of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission during the Long March, the old name "Dongchuan" was still used, so it is not wrong to use the place name "Dongchuan" in relevant documents. The Red Ninth Army was warmly supported by the local masses in Huize, and the number of Red Army members reached 900, and it was organized into a new barracks, and the organs, battalions, and companies were also dispersed and expanded by more than 500 people. In addition, the Red Ninth Army raised more than 60,000 yuan in Huizawa, as well as valuable materials worth more than 30,000 yuan. This money made a great contribution to the procurement of materials for the Red Army after Mao Gong joined the army. 06
Cross the Jinsha River.
After leaving Huize, the Red Ninth Army marched west to the Jinsha River in accordance with the instructions of the Military Commission. The main forces of the Red Army are inKyaukpyeongduThe time to cross the Jinsha River isMay 3-9。And the time when the Red Ninth Army crossed the river, according to the report of Yunnan's "**" at that time, was inMay 5th。So the two crossed the river almost at the same time. Regarding the place of crossing the river, the "Long March" mentions "a small ferry port called Yanjingping", and the "History of the Red Army's Long March" mentions "the Shujie and Yanjingping area west of Huize and the Yanjingping area". After Du Hengji's enthusiastic reminder from a netizen surnamed Cai, the crossing point of the Ninth Army is located in what is now Tobka Township, Dongchuan DistrictShuju Village Ferry
The crossing of the Ninth Army of the Red Army was relatively smooth, and the local people spontaneously organized and found more than 40 large and small boats for the Red Army. After crossing the river, the Red Ninth Army crossed the Daliang Mountain and went straight northXichangThe area rendezvous with the main forces of the ** Red Army. 03
From Wuhan to Haicheng.
Mao Gong will be a teacherLater, red.
First, four aspects are inLuhua ConferenceWhen it was combined, the Ninth Army was renumbered32 ArmyShawo MeetingLater, the Red Army was divided into two routes, left and right. ** and the 32nd Army and the 5th Army (formerly the Red Fifth Army) were incorporated into Zhang Guotao's Left Route Army. After the defeat of the Left Route Army in the southward battle, it was established on July 2, 1936Ganziwith red.
2. The 6th Army Corps will meet.
Before that, he was ordered to go south to meet Red.
The second and sixth corps is Luo Binghui's 32nd Army. Soon after the Ganzi Division, the ** telegram ordered the Red Second Army Corps, the Red Sixth Army Corps and the Red 32nd Army to be combined into oneRed Second Front。In the Long March documentary ** "The Last Step: Open Your Face" (written by Chen Gangcheng), the 32nd Army went south to meet the ** department, which was the first arrangement, and ** asked Zhang Guotao to "come" the 32nd Army to be incorporated into the Second Front Army, which was ***'s suggestion. Therefore, the Red Ninth Army (32nd Army) had a unique experience in the Long March: it was successively incorporated into the Red Army.
1. The sequence of the three front armies of the Red Fourth and Red Second. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Luo Binghui left Yan'an and served as the deputy commander of the first detachment of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui in 1938。Before that, Luo Binghui wasWuhan Office of the Eighth Route ArmyThe head of the company, andWork together. Du Hengji mentioned it in last week's article, rightHan LianchengDemocrats with great influence on generalsZhou Shiguan, had a relationship with Luo Binghui in Wuhan.
The former site of the Wuhan office of the Eighth Route Army.
In addition, according to the book "The Vicissitudes of the Heart: From the 60th Army of the Kuomintang to the 50th Army of the Communist Party" (written by Gao Geli), Luo Binghui played a key role in influencing the two generals of the Yunnan Army during his time in Wuhan. One was the commander of the 60th Division of the 184th ArmyZhang Chong, a native of Luxi, Yunnan. Zhang Chong met with Luo Binghui and *** secretly at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, and established the first underground party branch in the 184th Division. In 1938, Zhang Chong was stripped of his military power because of his "communism". In January 1947, Zhang Chong arrived in Yan'an under the arrangement of the party organization. The other was later the commander of the 184th DivisionPan Shuoduan, Yunnan prestige people. At the beginning of 1938, Pan Shuoduan, a regimental commander of the 60th Army, came to Wuhan to recuperate after being wounded in the Battle of Taierzhuang. Through the Communist Party members in the same wardSu Shiquan, Pan Shuoduan got acquainted with Luo Binghui, a "native of Yunnan", and began to have a preliminary understanding of communist thought. In May 1946, Pan Shuoduan led the 184th Division to revolt in Haicheng, Liaoning, and was the chief of staff at that timeMa Yifei, which is also Luo Binghui's arrangement. Du Hengji previously wrote the story of the Red Fifth Army, which mentioned that Li Da, a northwesterner at the time of the Ningdu uprising, contributed to the uprising of another northwesterner, Gao Shuxun, in Handan 14 years later. Similarly, Luo Binghui, a native of Yunnan who rebelled in Ji'an, influenced Pan Shuoduan, who rebelled in the northeast 17 years later, and indirectly, Zeng Zesheng, another Yunnan who rebelled in Changchun. Luo Binghui did not share in the joy of victory brought about by the peaceful liberation of Changchun, and he died of a cerebral hemorrhage in June 1946. The resilience of the revolutionaries of the older generation is the patience to wait for the flowers to bloom. What's more, "but ask about hard work, don't ask about harvest".