Who financed Lenin's return to the revolution, Sun Yat-sen**?The answer is ......
1917 was a year of change and challenge, with the two major military alliances on the European battlefield, the Entente and the Central Powers, at fierce war and a complicated situation.
In the international political arena, the wheel of history continues to move forward. The February Revolution broke out in Tsar**, ending the rule of the Romanov dynasty, and the outbreak of the October Revolution shocked the whole world.
At the same time, in China, Pu Yi, who had abdicated for many years, succeeded in restoring it with the support of Zhang Xun, which caused extreme dissatisfaction among the revolutionary Sun Yat-sen and others.
Although this restoration did not last long, for those Beiyang warlords, their refusal to restore the Provisional Covenant Law led to Sun Yat-sen having to launch the ** Movement.
We all know that once a war breaks out, it needs a lot of money to support it, and the main financiers behind these two wars come from the same country. 1. Who is supporting the October Revolution of **?
Lenin spent a long time in exile in various European countries, and the Tsar's rule was very firmly established, which made Lenin pessimistic about the revolution for a time.
However, the outbreak of the First World War made him change his previous perception and instead believe that the spring of revolutionaries was coming. Especially with the outbreak of the February Revolution, the Tsar ** was already in chaos within itself, and both the capitalist reformers and the Bolsheviks were actively expanding their power.
At this time, Lenin was desperate to be able to return to **, and Germany had already fallen into the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, in order to be able to further force ** to withdraw from the war and gain the strategic initiative, Germany ** provided Lenin with at least 1 million rubles of funds through Parus.
Paus was a close friend of Trotsky and therefore supported Bolshevism to a certain extent.
1.When Lenin learned that the Tsar's family had been detained by the revolutionaries, he immediately hoped to return to his homeland as soon as possible. On the Eastern Front, although the Germans knew that there was internal unrest in **, their offensive did not achieve much success.
Therefore, Germany pinned its hopes on Lenin, not only arranging a special train, but also providing almost 50 million marks to support his return to Moscow. Eventually, as expected in Germany, Lenin succeeded in leading the October Revolution in 1917.
2.In the latter part of World War I, Germany was under pressure from both China and Russia, so it actively co-opted various forces within the two countries, which had a profound impact on the political situation in the two countries that followed.
Germany provided support to Sun Yat-sen, hoping to gain a greater strategic advantage. However, although Germany had a brief period of initiative at the time, it ultimately fell short.
Sun Yat-sen in his speech) At this moment, China's political situation is in the hands of the United States' Beiyang**, and its foreign policy is completely centered on the United States. In order to protect its interests in China, Germany made every effort to maneuver between the warlord forces in various parts of China and to protect its interests to the greatest extent.
At first, the German minister Xin Ci set his sights on the top level of Beiyang**, hoping that Duan Qirui and others could exert influence and avoid declaring war on Germany. He even offered to pay $10 million if the severance of diplomatic relations could be delayed.
However, Duan Qirui decisively rejected the proposal and soon issued a declaration of severing diplomatic relations with Germany.
Sun Yat-sen had a high reputation in China and hated the perverse behavior of Beiyang**, so he became the first choice for Germany to find new partners in China. The German side extended a helping hand and invited Cao Abel to talk with him in secret, agreeing on the specific details of overthrowing Duan Qirui** and delaying the declaration of war on Germany.
Germany provided nearly $20 million in aid to Sun Yat-sen's army, although Sun Yat-sen flatly denied it. Feng Liberty's "History of the Revolution" details Sun Yat-sen's negotiations with the Germans and how the money received was distributed to the army.
As for Sun Yat-sen's acceptance of money from the Germans, it was not only recorded in German archives, but also intelligence personnel from Britain, the United States, Japan, and other countries were informed of this news.
With this fund, Sun Yat-sen immediately launched the ** movement, a large number of parliamentarians went south, held an extraordinary meeting in Guangzhou, unanimously elected Sun Yat-sen as the generalissimo of the navy and army, and actively organized the army to the Northern Expedition, which laid the cornerstone for the later cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
As mentioned earlier, the Soviet Union and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest, which was followed by Germany's withdrawal from World War I. For this treaty, arguably the most unequal treaty in history, there is no one.
In the operation of the German army on the Western Front, the cession of land was the first priority, including large territories such as the three Baltic states, Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula, which was unprecedented in history.
In addition, Belarus, Finland and other regions must also be independent, and the top level must maintain close ties with Germany and completely sever relations with Germany. In addition to the land cession, the agreement also demanded that Germany pay nearly 6 billion marks in compensation for the huge losses caused by the war.
The money had to be paid in full by the end of 1918 and could not be extended in any case.
For the emerging regime, this requirement is unattainable. Because the loss of land this time reached more than 1 million square kilometers, and it was the core area of the Soviet Union, including a large amount of Ukrainian black soil and the three Baltic countries, which were the most important outlets for Tsarist Russia.
With the cession of most of Ukraine, the Soviet Union has effectively become a landlocked country. In China, despite the high hopes of Sun Yat-sen and the large amount of financial support provided by Germany, the ** movement had big problems from the beginning.
Sun Yat-sen did not gain direct command of the army, which led to the final defeat of the Southern Army in the process of waging war against the Beiyang warlords. But this to some extent delayed the declaration of war on Germany and achieved the German goal.
However, in the end, Germany did not emerge victorious. In November 1918, a revolution broke out in Germany, and with the entry of the United States, the German army was defeated on the Western Front and finally signed an armistice in Paris, France.
Immediately after the rebirth of the Soviet Union, it announced the abrogation of all treaties with Germany, even without fulfilling the promise of reparations. China declared war on Germany and was blocked by Japan in its attempt to reclaim German privileges in Shandong.
However, in 1921, through the mediation of various forces, China succeeded in regaining sovereignty over Shandong. Although Germany was the financier behind Lenin and Sun Yat-sen, and actively planned to achieve its strategic goals, it still achieved nothing in the end.