Potato, an important crop widely accepted and cultivated around the world, occupies a pivotal position on the world agricultural stage due to its short growth cycle, high yield and rich nutrients. From home-cooked food on the table to raw materials for the food industry, potatoes are everywhere, and scientific and rational planting techniques and fertilization methods are the key to their high quality and high yield.
First, let's focus on potato growing techniques. During the selection and treatment phase, growers need to carefully select healthy and full seed potatoes that are free of pests and diseases to ensure the quality of the sowing source. In order to improve the emergence rate and disease resistance, the method of cutting and sowing can be adopted, and each piece retains 1-2 bud eyes, which not only helps to germinate quickly, but also expands the planting area. The cut seed potatoes are sterilized with herb ash or carbendazim and other agents, and then sown after drying, which can effectively prevent soil-borne diseases and pests from invading the new seedlings.
Plot selection and land preparation are also crucial aspects of the potato growing process. Potatoes prefer loose, fertile and well-drained soils, with sandy loam or loam soils preferred due to their excellent aeration and water and fertilizer retention. Deep ploughing and drying in autumn and fine land preparation in spring make the soil finely crushed and flat, which is conducive to the development of potato roots and the formation of tubers.
The choice of sowing time is also critical, generally after the spring thaw, when the temperature is stable above 5, the sowing depth is controlled at about 10-15 cm, and the plant row spacing is flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics of the variety and planting density, usually set to 30-40 cm, to ensure that there is sufficient light and ventilation space between the plants.
In terms of field management, the seedlings should be checked and replenished immediately after the emergence of seedlings to ensure that all seedlings are in orderDuring the growing season, it is necessary to cultivate and weed in a timely manner to maintain good soil aeration, which is especially important for the expansion of potato roots and the development of tubers. In addition, the budding stage and the tuber expansion stage are the two key stages of potato growth, which need to be irrigated reasonably to avoid root rot caused by stagnant water, and at the same time pay close attention to the occurrence of diseases such as late blight and early blight, as well as aphids, grubs and other pests, and take effective control measures in time.
Next, let's take a closer look at how to fertilize potatoes. Basal fertilizer application is the basic guarantee of high potato yield, 2000-3000 kg of farm fertilizer per mu, and at the same time with an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer such as 15-25 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, in order to provide sufficient and balanced nutrients**.
The topdressing process is mainly divided into three stages: seedling stage, budding stage and tuber expansion stage. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer for top dressing at seedling stage, which can effectively promote the healthy growth of plantsEntering the budding stage and tuber expansion stage, potassium fertilizer should be added to meet the needs of tuber formation and enlargement, and it is recommended to apply potassium chloride or potassium sulfate 10-15 kg per mu.
In addition, foliar spraying, as an auxiliary fertilization method, can be sprayed by 02%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution supplements trace elements to further improve the quality and nutritional value of potatoes.
It should be noted that the specific planting technology and fertilization plan will vary depending on the region, climate, soil conditions and potato variety characteristics, so growers should combine the actual local situation and the professional guidance of agricultural technicians in the actual operation, and implement refined and personalized planting management, so as to truly achieve high quality and high yield of potatoes, so as to meet the growing demand of the society for this important food crop.