According to the recent municipal disease control tips, since late November, the average daily number of pediatric outpatient and emergency visits in many medical institutions in the city has increased, nearly doubling compared with the beginning of September. In the past two weeks, the monitoring results of influenza-like cases in the city show that the positive rate of influenza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogens are at a high level throughout the year, and the city may soon enter the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases.
Recently, the reporter interviewed experts from the city's emergency department and asked them to talk about the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases for the public.
Case. After mycoplasma pneumonia improved, I went to school without good protection and was complicated by influenza.
Not long ago, 8-year-old Tong Tong (pseudonym) went to Xiamen Children's Hospital for treatment because of fever and cough and was diagnosed with mycoplasma pneumonia. **On the third day, the fever subsided and the cough gradually improved. Parents are afraid of delaying their children's homework, so they send their children to school, and within two days, they suddenly have a high fever, and there is a situation of anti-** fever.
Lou Qing, director of the emergency department of the hospital, said that according to the symptoms of the child, it should be because of mycoplasma pneumonia, the child's immunity is weakened, and the personal protection is not done in and out of crowded places, and the flu is combined. It is understood that there are many children with such co-infection recently, and the children with respiratory diseases in the hospital are still at a high level. Although there are many children with severe disease, the prognosis is good for most of them. The reason why there are many seriously ill children, Lou Qing believes that it is related to young age, untimely **, and underlying diseases.
For some parents who are worried about their children's "white lung", there is no need to be overly anxious, not all mycoplasma infections will develop into pneumonia, because the vast majority of children are mild and do not have mycoplasma pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumonia can only occur if Mycoplasma pneumoniae invades the lower respiratory tract. For mycoplasma pneumonia, the most important thing is early diagnosis, early **, and rational use of drugs.
Remind. If you have a cough, drink pear waterOnly if you have a febrile cough.
Some children have respiratory infections and frequent coughs, and many parents think that as long as they have a cough, they can drink pear water or eat steamed pears to moisten the lungs and relieve cough.
In fact, this is not the case, pears and Chuanbei are cold things, and cold cough and spleen deficiency cough cannot be used. Even in the early stage of febrile cough, as long as there are signs of wind evil such as itchy throat and nasal congestion, it is not suitable to drink pear water or eat steamed pears with Chuanbei. In the middle and late stages, it is time-consuming to suffer from heat and injury to yin or lung yin deficiency, so it can be eaten in small amounts, and it is necessary to pay attention to whether the spleen and stomach function is damaged, otherwise it is necessary to be cautious. As for whether the cough caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is cold or hot, it should be judged according to the doctor's diagnosis and treatment results.
Before a definitive diagnosis.
Do not give your child any medicine.
Not only can steamed pears not be eaten indiscriminately, but respiratory medicines cannot be used indiscriminately. Lou Qing reminded that before a clear diagnosis, it is not in favor of parents to give their children drugs without authorization, which is easy to develop drug resistance, even if it is traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese patent medicine or folk home remedies, do not take it casually, and it should be treated by traditional Chinese medicine.
In addition, with the increase in mycoplasma pneumonia patients, mycoplasma pneumoniae test kits on e-commerce platforms are also selling well. Some parents are worried about cross-infection when they go to the hospital, so they stock up on test kits at home. Lou Qing reminded that the public must choose the regular manufacturer when buying the test box, and at the same time, when using the test box, the sample should be marked according to the instructions, so as to improve the accuracy of the test.
Case. Junior high school students: high fever, cough, and wheezing, and were diagnosed with influenza A combined with pulmonary infection.
Xiaolin, a 15-year-old junior high school student, coughed for a week, his parents thought it was a common cold, but he didn't care, and later developed a high fever, coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, so he went to Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine to hang up the emergency department, and after doing blood routine and influenza A virus testing, he was diagnosed with influenza A virus infection and lung infection.
During this time, many of Kobayashi's classmates also took leave due to a cold and fever. Zhao Lei, the attending physician of the Department of Emergency Medicine, said that due to the alternation of seasons, the large temperature difference between day and night, and indoor and outdoor temperatures, various viruses are relatively active, including new crown, influenza A and other viruses. Kobayashi was under a lot Xi of pressure, nervous and tired, and his class may have poor ventilation and concentrated students, causing infection.
Seek medical attention promptly for testing.
In order to prescribe the right medicine for the cause.
Zhao Lei said that the emergency department of Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has recently received more than double the number of patients with respiratory diseases than usual, and some of them have underlying diseases that are relatively serious, such as heart problems, poor heart function, chronic lung diseases such as emphysema, bronchiectasis or asthma, etc., once such patients are infected, the symptoms will be more serious, mostly the elderly, and there are also teenagers who are infected.
In addition to most of these patients, a small number of them have bacterial infections, but the symptoms are similar, such as common sore throat, chills, muscle aches, headache, fever, nasal congestion, runny nose, etc. Many patients blindly take antibiotics by themselves, in fact, bacterial infections only need to use antibiotics, in the case of viral infections, taking antibiotics is ineffective, and may even aggravate the condition. Therefore, when you have cold-like symptoms, you should go to the hospital in time, and wait for the test results to be judged by the doctor**, and take the medicine under the guidance of the doctor. For colds and fevers caused by viral infections, some antiviral drugs can be used, such as antipyretic and analgesic Chinese patent medicines, and antiviral Western medicines can also be used if influenza A is diagnosed.
Prophylaxis. Children and the elderly should avoid crowded places in the near future.
Zhao Lei pointed out that a variety of preventive measures can be taken, including opening windows frequently for ventilation to keep indoor air freshWash your hands frequently, don't spit, don't smoke, and don't share towels with othersDuring the epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases, children, the elderly, the infirm, and those with chronic diseases should try to avoid crowded places or places with poor air circulationPatients with respiratory infections should take the initiative to isolate themselves from healthy people, cover their mouths and noses with tissues or handkerchiefs when coughing or sneezing, and wash their hands immediately after coughing. Go to crowded places and standardize the wearing of masks.
In addition, developing a healthy lifestyle, paying attention to cold and warmth, ensuring adequate sleep and exercising are conducive to improving immunity and prevention. Three meals a day should be eaten well at breakfast, full at noon, and less at night, so as to achieve a balanced combination of fruits and vegetables. To ensure 7-8 hours of adequate sleep every day, you must go to sleep before 11 o'clock at night, staying up late will cause a decrease in immunity, and staying up late until the early hours of the morning is especially affected. Emotional stability and happiness are also good for maintaining immunity, and proper and regular exercise can also strengthen immunity.
Text: Xiamen Evening News reporter Wang Yanni, Gong Xiaoguan, correspondents, Chen Ping, Jiang Changming, comics, Xiaoniu).
Link. Winter respiratory infections Four questions and four answers.
Q: What is the difference between mycoplasma pneumonia and flu symptoms?
Answer: Mycoplasma pneumonia is characterized by fever and cough as the main clinical manifestations, and the onset is manifested as a violent paroxysmal irritating dry cough, accompanied by headache, sore throat, earache, runny nose, etc.
Influenza is more common in winter and spring, with fever and upper respiratory tract infection, followed by worsening cough, dyspnea and some signs of the lungs, showing high fever, rapid progression of the disease, fatigue, headache, muscle aches, etc.
Q: Why is the proportion of Mycoplasma pneumoniae higher in children than in other populations?
A: Children's immune system is not well developed, not only against mycoplasma, but also specific and non-specific immune functions are not very mature, and it is easy to cause infection. At the same time, places such as schools and kindergartens are often densely populated, resulting in the rapid spread of pathogens.
Q: Pregnant women are a group of people with fragile immunity, are there any health recommendations?
A: After pregnancy, you should still engage in appropriate activities, maintain an optimistic mood and get enough sleep. Pregnant women should drink plenty of water to prevent damage to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tractIf you are planning to get pregnant in late winter or early spring, it is advisable to get a flu shot in advance and wait 2 to 3 months before conceiving.
Q: Who is recommended for the flu vaccine?
A: Usually 2 to 4 weeks after receiving the flu vaccine, the body produces protective levels of antibodies. Children over 6 months old who have no contraindications to vaccination, the elderly, immunocompromised, people with chronic diseases, etc., should be vaccinated, or those who have key groups at home are recommended to be vaccinated as protection.
According to the Liberation **).