Whether the heavy metal wastewater is properly solved will greatly affect the efficiency of enterprises (electroplating plants, mining plants, battery manufacturing, etc.). There are many enterprises that use the wrong method, not only the treatment effect is very poor, not up to standard, but also the treatment cost is very high, resulting in this kind of wastewater "hate".
Heavy metal wastewater treatment methods include chemical precipitation method, adsorption method, ion exchange method, membrane separation method, and electrolysis method.
Chemical precipitationIn the treatment of heavy metal wastewater belongs to the existence of the "boss", the principle is to put the agent in the heavy metal wastewater, and the heavy metal wastewater and the agent have a chemical reaction, and then the heavy metal ions are precipitated and separated. This method has the characteristics of mature process, strong adaptability, convenient operation and low treatment cost, and 80% of electroplating plants will use this method to solve heavy metal wastewater.
However, the chemical precipitation method will produce secondary pollution, and it is difficult to meet the discharge standard after treatment, and it is difficult to treat low-concentration heavy metal wastewater.
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Adsorption technologyIt refers to the use of porous adsorption materials to achieve effective adsorption of heavy metal ions through ion complexation and other methods. At present, activated carbon is the most used, which has good adsorption properties for heavy metals, but its application range is limited due to cost and other reasons.
Ion exchange methodIt is a method of using ion exchange resin for ion exchange with heavy metals in wastewater, and then using eluent to regenerate resin, which has the advantages of simple operation, easy regeneration, large amount of water treated, good treatment effect, and heavy metals.
However, the ion exchange method is suitable for the treatment of wastewater with a single heavy metal, low concentration and large water volume, and the effect is not very good for wastewater with large fluctuations and high heavy metal content.
Membrane separationIt is an important treatment method for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater, especially for enterprises that want to reuse wastewater, the principle is to use pressure as the driving force, relying on the selective permeability of the membrane (reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, etc.) for the separation, purification and concentration of heavy metal ions and water.
Membrane separation technology has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency and no secondary pollution, but its disadvantages lie in its complex structure, high cost and large investment.
ElectrolysisIt can treat complexed heavy metals, and the principle is to let the metal ions in the heavy metal wastewater undergo oxidation reaction at the anode and the reduction reaction occurs on the cathode, so that the heavy metal ions in the wastewater are enriched on the electrode, so as to achieve the purpose of removing heavy metal ions in the wastewater.
Its advantages are that it is a pure metal, easy to operate, small footprint, small sewage discharge, etc., and the disadvantage is that it is difficult to treat heavy metal wastewater with higher concentrations, and the power consumption in the reaction process is relatively large, and the maintenance cost is also higher.
The composition of many heavy metal wastewater is extremely complex and the concentration is also high, so in the process of wastewater treatment, according to the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and the applicable situation, we use the corresponding wastewater treatment methods, so as to achieve the required treatment purpose stably while treating the wastewater at low cost.