In the context of the closure of the judgment document network, Jiang Ping's death is more like a huge sigh and a full stop. Who is Jiang Ping? Jiang Ping was born in 1930 and enrolled in the Department of Journalism at Yenching University in 1948. Becoming a journalist was his dream at the time. A year after going to college, there was a change of regime. For another two years, he was selected to study in the Soviet Union, majoring in law. During his time in the Soviet Union, he served as president of the Chinese student union and worked with Gorbachev, who was then working in the Youth League Committee of the school's student union. In his spare time, he joined the football team, and Chinese and foreign students mingled and enjoyed themselves. 
Jiang Ping's ** when he was young is really majestic and heroic, and at first glance he is a dragon and phoenix among people. In the Soviet Union, there were five years of university study and one year of Russian language study, a total of six years, and the students were supposed to graduate in 1957. But Jiang Ping is so strong, he only studied the language in the Soviet Union for half a year to meet the school requirements. The four courses in the first half year were also made up one after another. In this way, in 1956, Jiang Ping graduated a year earlier than all his classmates and returned to China a year early. In this hurry, he caught up with the rightists. "From 1957 to 1978, I lost what I should have lost, I lost what I shouldn't have lost, and at the lowest point, everything but this life was lost. "I went abroad in 1951 and was unfamiliar with the political climate at home. At first, I encouraged the party to rectify the situation and put forward opinions, but I found that everyone did not speak much. At this time, some people encouraged me and said, "You young experts who have returned from studying in the Soviet Union should take the lead." So, Jiang Ping took the lead in writing a big-character poster entitled "Opinions of Twenty Teachers", and put forward five opinions on the problems of the college at that time, which were posted on the campus. "At first, everyone said that the opinions were good," but within a few days, the rectification turned into an anti-rightist movement. Because of this big-character poster, Jiang Ping "grabbed" the first batch of rightist hats at the School of Political Science and Law. He was also kicked from the "people's camp" to the "enemy's camp", and he was no longer allowed to practice the legal profession, which was a "tool of the state". Because of a "rightist" hat, his new wife, whom he met in the USSR, divorced him. Later, when carrying the steel pipe across the railway in Xishan, Beijing, he was so tired that he didn't even hear the sound of the train coming, and Jiang Ping was swept under the train. In the end, although he was lucky enough to pick up a life, he lost a leg forever. What a heartache it is for a person who loves football to lose a leg. When he was about 30 years old, Jiang Ping wrote a poem called "Self-exhortation", from which we can get a glimpse of his state of mind. "The stump is so sad that the injury is frustrated. I am willing to send my five-foot body to the world furnace with all kinds of hammers. ”After experiencing these things, Jiang Ping is still optimistic and feels that it is bearable, but the perspective of looking at the problem has changed a little, "I have picked up a life from under the wheel of the train, I think I should have an optimistic attitude towards life, and it is a beautiful thing to live one more day!" ”
Optimism helped him survive. After all, divorce, disability, rightism, either one, is not an easy hurdle. 
During the Cultural Revolution, he was sent to work in the "57 Cadre School" in Anhui. In 1972, the Beijing School of Political Science and Law was officially dissolved, and he was assigned to Yanqing Middle School as a political science teacher, until the Beijing School of Political Science and Law was reopened six years later. During this period, Jiang Ping remarried, and his wife was also from a rightist family. Jiang Ping's students once heard his wife's recollection: Jiang Ping, who was reforming and working in Yanqing, was single with his son, and the winter outside the Great Wall was bitterly cold and windy, and he had no money to buy cotton clothes for his son, so he changed his old coat to his son into a cotton jacket, and knitted a sweater with his own hands. From 1957 to 1979, Jiang Ping was the most depressed 22 years, and he regarded them as "the biggest regret of his life": "When I was able to contribute to the cause of China's rule of law, I was already 50 years old, and the most important era in my life should be precisely in the 20 years from the age of 30 to 50, and I lost the most precious time in my life." "The 80s of the last century was the most comfortable period for Jiang Ping.
He can finally teach happily. Jiang Ping's lectures are generally not specially prepared for lectures and read according to the script, but he holds a few cards in his hand and plays freely, which is very chic. One student recalled: ".It was a real pleasure to listen to Mr. Jiang's class. Standing on the three-foot podium, he spoke standard Chinese and a pleasant voice, and his speech was full of intellectual confidence, and the historical allusions and exquisite doctrines of more than 2,000 years ago nourished the hearts of the students. He Weifang, a famous scholar, is Jiang Ping's **, he recalled, "When talking about the hardships he experienced, his tone was calm, but some details that reflected the beauty of human nature made him unforgettable, and this positive and optimistic outlook on life is the most infectious part of Mr. Jiang's character." ”
Later, he moved on to a management position. First, he became the vice president of China University of Political Science and Law, and then became the president in 1988. Although he has only been the president for less than two years, he is regarded by many law students as the "eternal president", and the title of president has continued to this day, which is rare among the previous presidents of the university. This is quite like Liu Daoyu, the old president of Wuhan University. (See this article for Liu Daoyu's story: Why did Lei Jun donate 1.3 billion to Wuhan University?) At that time, Principal Jiang Ping, in the eyes of many students, was "the principal who rode a bicycle" and "the principal who worked in a simple shed". Some students said that when they saw President Jiang working in a simple shed, they were psychologically balanced. During Jiang Ping's tenure as president, the University was filled with an atmosphere of democracy and freedom. Graduates of the University of Law fond of recalling the vigorous atmosphere of the campus at that time, saying that the atmosphere of democracy and freedom on campus made up for the difficult conditions of running the school, and President Jiang made great contributions. The graduation certificate signed with Jiang Ping's name is only the 85th class. The graduation ceremony of the University of Law that year was a classic scene. At that time, Jiang Ping took the lead in singing "The Internationale", and the students below sang it along, and many students cried while singing. Some of the students who went to the cafeteria to eat first immediately ran back with their rice bowls and joined the chorus when they heard the singing. After the ceremony, the students were reluctant to leave for a long time. Shortly after this commencement ceremony, Jiang Ping was dismissed as president. Regarding this matter, he once had the following recollection - in 1989, you said that I resigned voluntarily or was dismissed. I came down from the position of president of China University of Political Science and Law and became an ordinary professor until now. I was leading a group abroad that day. The American professors advised me not to come back and see before I talked, but I took the initiative to return to China. This is probably the reason why I was not too guilty, and I came back with a group. After the incident, at the enlarged meeting of the school's party committee, after the secretary said that he wanted the principal to speak, I said three words. At that time, I figured out that the big deal was that the president was inappropriate, and I didn't believe that I would be arrested, and I was still a professor and a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. I know the consequences. However, their political attitude must be clear and their opinions must be expressed, otherwise they will not be able to explain themselves and history. This is different from the anti-rightist movement in 1957. In '57, I didn't have much confrontation in my thinking, because I didn't have a completely independent political opinion, and more I really felt that I was doing something wrong. After that, my attitude was quite antagonistic. Later, when Comrade Xiaoping made a speech on his southern tour, I should continue to persist in reform and opening up, and my attitude eased. It is right to persist in reform and opening up. No matter when, Jiang Ping always stands firmly with the students. When a student has an accident, he will go around rescuing him regardless of the pressure. Some students recalled that when they were released from prison one year, they once visited Jiang Ping's home. At that time, Jiang Ping was still a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, but he still did not avoid suspicion and received him warmly. Luo Xiang once recalled that as long as the students were called, Jiang Ping would gladly go. The pick-up and drop-off vehicles arranged by the students for the old principal were the most ordinary "black cars", and sometimes Luo Xiang himself felt uncomfortable to sit. Jiang Ping's love for students deeply touched Luo Xiang, who was still a green pepper at that time, and let him know what the meaning of work is and the mission of a teacher. Jiang Ping, who returned to being an ordinary professor, brought many doctoral students. Among his doctors, there is basically no **, and there is no mixed diploma, everyone is rushing to engage in research to learn Xi, and most of them have successful careers after graduation. This made him very happy. Many students come in the name of Mu Jiangping, and he must be an "academic fan" who cannot be a tutor. Chen Bo used to be a policeman in Guiyang, and once accidentally read "Selected Works of Jiang Ping", so he was deeply motivated, resigned from public office, and took Jiang Ping's doctorate six times in a row. For the last time, even Jiang Ping said that if you don't pass the exam, don't take the exam, you can accept it as an outsider doctor**, and you can ask questions at any time. But on the sixth occasion, Chen Bo successfully "went ashore". Once, at Jiang Ping's birthday party, Chen Bo shouted with other students: "If there is an afterlife, we will still be your students!" After speaking, everyone burst into tears. Because of his profound knowledge and noble character, Jiang Ping has a great weight in the hearts of many law students. How big is the portion? If Jiang Ping had not attended a certain academic seminar and graduation ceremony, the conference would not have been a success. One year, to commemorate the anniversary of the University of Law, the host read the name of the president present, and when he read Jiang Ping, the audience applauded thunderously. Huang Jin, who served as the president of China University of Political Science and Law, once commented on Jiang Ping's influence on the university: "China University of Political Science and Law has a spirit, that is, the spirit of bowing only to the truth, and this spirit was created by Mr. Jiang Ping with his words and deeds, and he will always be a banner of our University of Political Science and Law." ”
Jiang Ping has devoted his life to building a rule of law in China. The opposite of the rule of law is the rule of man. In this regard, he has done a lot. In the mid-eighties, together with Professor Tong Rou of the Chinese People's University, Professor Wang Jiafu of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Professor Wei Zhenying of Peking University, he drafted the first draft of the General Principles of the Civil Law. The four professors were also later honored as the "Four Gentlemen of Civil Law" by the legal community. Article 156 of the General Principles, although it seems simple now, stipulates the basic rights enjoyed by citizens and legal persons. As a result, the General Principles of the Civil Law have been hailed as China's version of the Declaration of Human Rights. The principles of "equality, voluntariness, equivalence, compensation, fairness, honesty and trustworthiness" established by this law are still the overarching requirements for regulating civil and commercial activities. In the spring of 2003, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China had just ended. Jiang Ping was invited to participate in a small-scale meeting of high-level experts to discuss the issue of constitutional amendment again. According to Guangming **, at the meeting, Jiang Ping expressed such opinions. One of them is very bold: the constitution should not be amended too often. Constitutional amendments should be considered only when there are major changes in the political and economic systems. If it is not a change in the political and economic system, then at least more emphasis should be placed on the protection of citizens' rights and interests, so that it is more meaningful. On 14 March 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress adopted the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. Some of the revised clauses faintly show the concept that Jiang Ping adheres to. For example, paragraph 3 of article 10 states that "the State may expropriate land in accordance with the provisions of law for the needs of the public interest." It is amended to read: "The State may, for the needs of the public interest, expropriate or expropriate land in accordance with the provisions of law and give compensation. Another example is Article 13: "The State protects the lawful ownership of citizens' income, savings, houses and other lawful property." "The State shall protect the right of citizens to inherit their private property in accordance with the provisions of the law. It is amended to read: "The lawful private property of citizens shall be inviolable." Jiang Ping has published two anthologies, one is called "All I Can Do Is Scream" and the other is "The Cry of Private Power". The struggle for private law and the cry for private rights ran through Jiang Ping's life. Regarding whether "resident" or "citizen" is written on the ID card, Jiang Ping also had a wonderful discussion. He said that "citizen" is a constitutional concept, and the ID card should be "resident" in the first place. ID card of a citizen of the People's Republic of ChinaThis involves a complex context. In the past, when it came to great and glorious citizens, the person who sentenced them was not considered a citizen, and they were deprived of their citizenship rights, but the sentence could not deprive the residents of their identity. Civic education is another issue. The transformation of the Chinese people from subjects to nationals, to the people, and to citizens is a process of gradual legalization.
In 2015, Jiang Ping also wrote an epitaph for Hugjiltu: A life warning to those who wield judicial authority. 
He once said:"Chinese society must move forward. In fact, there are only two kinds of progress, one is the prosperity and strength of the country, and the other is democracy and freedomThe economy must develop and the politics must progress. ”Based on this, he has been advocating for democracy and freedom and market economy, and is committed to popularizing legal knowledge. He said that he was not a jurist in the true sense of the word, and although he was an honorary doctor and visiting professor at many famous universities, and had many part-time jobs in society, he had not read many legal classics in a serious manner, nor had he written a serious and decent monograph. He considers himself a legal educator, a university professor who does not want to be confined to his own stage. He wanted to promote jurisprudence as much as possible. Unlike Western countries, where knowledge of the legal system has spread among the people, China is not familiar with the basic concepts and norms of the law from top to bottom, and lacks basic understanding. So, he has to keep giving lectures and giving speeches.
Jiang Ping's speech was full of vigor and passion, and it was always impressive. Perhaps because he has studied journalism, in his speeches, he rarely talks about boring legal principles, but integrates a large number of social hot events, which is reasonable, and he can understand it as soon as he listens to a few sentences. Among them, there is no shortage of deafening golden sentences. In a speech at a national lawyers' conference on the mission of Chinese lawyers, Jiang Ping said: "As a lawyer, bitterness and happiness are your personal feelings, good and evil are your social image, success or failure is your personal career, and the rise and fall of the lawyer's profession is related to the fate of the country." Jiang Ping was dissatisfied with some legal people. He saidSome students "are impassioned in school against corruption, against this and against that, and dissatisfied with that, but after becoming judges, they are darker than the old judges." When he was in school, he was full of enthusiasm, but when he got to some professions, his innocence became numb, and I think that a big danger for some people who study law now is that they lack a pure heart. ”
The heart of a child may be the greatest force that supports Jiang Ping through so many disasters**. In his autobiography, he said: "The belief that underpins me is the simplest thing, and I always believe that China's move towards the rule of law and democracy is a trend that no one can change." It is precisely because of such a firm belief that he always screams when he is uneven, and always shouts. In his body, he perfectly blends the integrity of a traditional scholar and the responsibility of a modern public intellectual. Perhaps, these traits can only be seen in an older generation like him. Although Jiang Ping has been a disabled person with only one leg for most of his life, his courage is difficult for many normal people to have. Because he has faith and is unrelenting, he can turn his inner conscience into an act of cheering for the world.
Jiang Ping has set a benchmark for what life choices intellectuals should make. Jiang Ping's favorite sentence is "bow only to the truth". Regarding the truth, Jiang Ping once said: "The truth cannot be blindly followed, and only through the process of comparison, analysis, thinking, and discernment can we get closer to the truth. "In addition to truth, Jiang Ping valued freedom most in his life. When an 18-year-old young man first entered the campus of Yenching University, he saw a large line: freedom through truth for service. This is the motto of Yenching University.
From the age of 18 to the age of 93, Jiang Ping lived up to this school motto in his life. The old headmaster is gone, and an era seems to be coming to an end. There is a line in "King Arthur": Lord, the round table is gone, where should I go?Where are you going?
In the vast winter night, the stone tablet of "rule of law in the world" written by Jiang Ping stood tall, with flowers under it, not afraid of the cold. The words on it are his "Chinese dream" and the direction of countless people. 
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