Morality is the norm of behavior between people, is a necessary condition for the development of human society, and has an important function in the process of human evolution. But what kind of behavior is moral?This question is of a very philosophical nature. The purpose of this article is to analyze morality from a philosophical point of view, the philosophical principles behind morality.
The subject of morality: Human beings are living beings with thoughts and consciousness
Morality and consciousness are inextricably linked. Only living beings with consciousness can be moral. As thinking and conscious beings, the moral question of human beings has become the focus of philosophical attention. The significance of moral behavior is that it is an expression of human free will. Free will is a spiritual attribute of human beings, and it is also the difference between human beings and other natural beings, which is expressed and realized through moral norms. The existence of human beings, from life to survival to nature, becomes pluralistic due to the differences between individuals, which is also the source of the diversity and openness of human moral phenomena.
Human free will refers to the ability of human beings to choose their actions.
The basic form of ethical behavior is the act of getting along with others and society.
The study of ethics and moral philosophy is the focus of philosophical attention to understand the special morality of human behavior.
The object of morality: self and others
Morality is a normative behavior that human beings develop on their own. As a normative act, morality has two objects, namely self and others. Self-ethics refers to the fact that people are responsible for themselves in their actions, and it is the standard that a person demands of himself. And the moral code between people and others refers to being responsible for others and being respectful to others. When people exercise their free will, he is also responsible for his actions and considers and acts for the benefit of others. The essence of moral behavior lies in the importance of one's own mind and body, respect for others, and social justice.
Ethical behavior is done in the interest of oneself and others.
Human social relations are based on mutual respect and trust.
The development of social ethics is closely related to the development of human history.
Moral standards: conscience
The standard of morality includes the individual's internal moral consciousness and external social constraints. The first is an inner sense of morality. Conscience is the intrinsic standard of human legal and moral standards. It is the moral voice in the depths of everyone's heart, and it is a good sense of morality. Conscience is the criterion for judging what is right and what is wrong. The second is external social constraints. Social norms are moral norms shaped by social agreements, interpersonal interactions, and cultural inheritance, which are the basic rules of social life, and the result of the long-term accumulation of "good" and "evil".
Conscience is the criterion for evaluating and self-monitoring of one's own behavior.
Social binding is the restraint of an individual by certain powers or institutions in society.
The norms of moral behavior can be applied to socio-cultural, religious, legal and other channels.
The value of morality: to achieve a harmonious society
Ethics is the cornerstone of a harmonious society. Morality makes people abandon their own personal interests and desires and dedicate themselves to the good of society and the good of the whole. At the same time, moral behavior can also form a consensus and common values of the social community, and build a just society. Morality is people-oriented, the value and interest of realizing social justice and human happiness, and the expression of individual ideology while further achieving the common interests of society.
Ethical behavior helps to build harmonious interpersonal relationships and social order.
Ethical behavior helps to reduce social conflicts and disputes and promotes mutual aid and cooperation.
Ethical behavior promotes self-growth and self-actualization at the individual level.
Summary
Morality is relative, pluralistic and developmental. Morality varies from culture to culture, from country to country, and from individual to individual. However, from a philosophical point of view, the basic principles of morality are consistent. Both one's own moral norms and those of others are based on people's free will, conscience and social constraints. The ultimate value of morality lies in achieving harmonious interpersonal relationships and social order, and promoting the realization of social justice and human happiness. Through the philosophical analysis of morality, we can better understand the nature and value of morality, guide us to make the right moral choices in our daily lives, and contribute to the construction of a more harmonious and just society.