Metaphysics has long been an important branch of philosophy, dealing with the human understanding of reality and existence. And in the study of metaphysics, there are two main points of view: metaphysical materialism and metaphysical idealism. This article will make a ** and comparison of these two perspectives to show how they differ and their impact on human cognition.
OneThe basic view of metaphysical materialism
1.Essentialism: Metaphysical materialism asserts that everything has its essential existence, that matter is the only real existence, and that the world is the result of the movement and change of matter. Matter exists objectively, it exists independently of our consciousness, and it has its own inherent properties and laws. Metaphysical materialism holds that human consciousness is only a reflection and expression of the material world, and that our thinking and perception are the product of material movement.
2.Objectivity: Metaphysical materialism holds that the objective world is an existence independent of human consciousness and that it exists outside of our consciousness. The existence and changes of the material world are not controlled by our subjective consciousness, and it has its own laws and development trends. Metaphysical materialism emphasizes that we should understand the world through objective analysis and research, rather than relying solely on subjective feelings and intuition.
3.Natural Laws: Metaphysical materialism pursues a scientific worldview, believes that there are objective laws and laws in nature, and tries to reveal these laws through scientific research. Metaphysical materialism holds that the movement and change of nature are regular, and that it is not arbitrary or disorderly. By revealing the essential laws of the material world, we can better understand the world and transform it.
IIThe basic view of metaphysical idealism
1.Ideaology: Metaphysical idealism holds that consciousness and thinking are the most basic forms of existence, and that matter is only the product of thinking. Metaphysical idealism holds that the emergence and evolution of human consciousness is the root of the nature of the world, and that consciousness determines the nature and meaning of the world. Consciousness is an existence independent of matter, it is not bound and limited by matter.
2.Subjectivity: Metaphysical idealism emphasizes the subjectivity of human perception and cognition, and believes that the existence and meaning of the world depend on the conscious activity of human beings. Our perceptions and experiences are realized through our subjective consciousness, which constructs its own worldview and values. Metaphysical idealism believes that human perception of the world is relative and subjective, and that each person will have a different understanding and perception of the world because of their own experiences and backgrounds.
3.Spiritual Law: Metaphysical idealism is concerned with the spiritual and moral pursuits of human beings, believing that human beings should live according to rational and moral principles. Metaphysical idealism holds that the essence of human consciousness is free and creative, and that we should achieve our life goals and values by developing and improving our consciousness.
IIIComparison of metaphysical materialism with metaphysical idealism
1.Understanding the nature of the world: Metaphysical materialism asserts that matter is the only real thing that exists, that it is the essence of the world. Metaphysical materialism holds that matter exists objectively and that it has its own properties and laws. On the contrary, metaphysical idealism holds that consciousness is the essence of the world, and that the emergence and evolution of human consciousness is the root of the world. Metaphysical idealism holds that the existence of consciousness and the ability to think are the most basic forms of existence.
2.View of the external objective world: Metaphysical materialism asserts that the external objective world is relatively independent of human consciousness, and that it exists outside of our consciousness. Metaphysical materialism emphasizes that we need to know the world through objective analysis and research. Metaphysical idealism holds that the existence and meaning of the objective world depend on the activities of human consciousness, and that they are the products of our subjective consciousness.
3.Attitude towards science: Metaphysical materialism advocates a scientific worldview, which seeks to reveal the laws and essence of the objective world. Metaphysical materialism holds that through the scientific method and empirical research, we can gradually recognize the laws and nature of the objective world. Metaphysical materialism emphasizes the objectivity and verifiability of science.
Metaphysical idealism, on the other hand, is more concerned with the spiritual and moral pursuits of human beings. It believes that human consciousness and values are the most important, and that we should achieve our life goals and values by developing and improving our consciousness. Metaphysical idealism emphasizes the importance of the subjective experience and inner world of human beings.
Summary
Metaphysical materialism and metaphysical idealism are two different orientations to the nature and concept of existence in the world. Metaphysical materialism emphasizes the independent existence of matter and objective laws through the scientific method of the world. Metaphysical idealism focuses on subjective consciousness and meaning-building, and human consciousness determines the nature and value of the world. As far as human cognition is concerned, the two perspectives have their own characteristics, and we should think dialectically, absorb comprehensively, and constantly pursue a deeper understanding of the world.