On the north side of Chang'an Avenue in Jianguomen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, there is a China Post Stamp Museum, located in the north-south direction of Gongyuan West Street. On August 22, 2007, it was officially opened to the public, becoming the only national professional museum in China that collects and uses postal and stamp cultural relics for related academic research and exchanges
On the morning of April 20, 2023, after visiting the Ancient Observatory and the China Customs Museum, I walked to the China Post Stamp Museum across Chang'an Street, including the "China Postal Museum" and the "China Stamp Museum". It belongs to China Post Group, and the exhibition hall is located on the first to fourth floors of the building, including the "Stamp Hall", "Post Hall", "Treasure Hall" and "Special Exhibition Hall" and other exhibition areas.
Walking into the museum exhibition hall, the first floor is a special exhibition hall, where the 2023 (癸卯) Year of the Rabbit Zodiac Stamp Exhibition is being held. Walk up the stairs to the second floor to the stamp gallery, which makes you feel like you're in the world of stamps. Here is a display of the Qing Dynasty, the first revolutionary war period of the precious stamps, as well as so far issued by the new China all stamps physical or **, including the Jite, Cultural Revolution, number, jt and year number and other stamps, a wide range of themes, rich content, beautifully printed. In addition, stamps from 42 countries are also exhibited here, which are stamps exchanged between the China Stamp Museum and the member countries of the UPU.
The third and fourth floors are the post halls, which mainly display the history of primitive communications, ancient postal posts and modern postal services, and review the development process of China's postal posts and postal services through a large number of physical objects, landscapes and models. In the Xia Dynasty, it was already able to build cars, with "officials who announced orders" to convey political affairs, and "Chezheng" to manage car and travel traffic. In the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed in Yinxu in Anyang, Henan, the earliest records of organized communication activities in China appear. Qin Shi Huang unified the six countries, established a complete and effective postal communication system, and formulated China's earliest communication regulations. In the Han Dynasty, after the opening of the "Silk Road", the activities in northwest China were closely linked with the post office, forming a strict border county administrative, military, and post post system.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the scale of post communication was huge, the waterway transportation extended in all directions, the postal tools were diverse, and the post station management was very strict. In addition, the post envoy also undertakes the task of delivering private messages to ** or literati with a certain status. In the Yuan Dynasty, the country's territory was vast, forming many important postal routes. In 1275, Marco Polo came to Dadu and witnessed the pomp and circumstance of the post post at that time, and described it as a "very wonderful and strange system" in the "Travels of Marco Polo". In the Ming Dynasty, attention was paid to the development of post posts, communication between frontiers and overseas contacts, and water posts, horse posts and water horse posts were set up on the traffic arteries and thoroughfares. In the Qing Dynasty, according to the records of the Guangxu Huidian, there were a total of 1,970 posts, stations, platforms and ponds in the country, and 13,935 shops.
On March 20, 1896, Prime Minister Yamen asked Emperor Guangxu to expand the customs postal service and change it to the national postal service. On the same day, Emperor Guangxu folded the words "according to the proposal" on this fold, representing the official birth of the Qing Dynasty National Post!Subsequently, Daqing Post Offices were set up all over the country, including Tanggu, Dagu, Wusong, Nanjing and other places, also known as "Post Offices". In 1898, it began to be set up in the interior and important towns, becoming the earliest modern postal service in China. The postal flags designed after the establishment of the modern state postal service of China are displayed here. Based on the dragon flag hung in the Qing Dynasty, the post office of the Great Qing Dynasty depicts a green dragon soaring through the cloudsDuring the Beiyang ** period, on the basis of the five-color flag, the postal sign flying geese was added;During the national ** period of Nanjing, the postal flag was changed to a postal characteristic style.
In 1911, after the victory of the Xinhai Revolution, the Daqing Post was changed to Zhonghua ** Post, referred to as "Zhonghua Post". In the Ministry of Communications, the General Post Office was established, and the organizational management system was based on the British civil service system, including the selection of meritocracy, the reward and punishment of letters, and lifelong career. A monument to the statute was erected here. **In the early years, police officers in Dongtou County, Zhejiang Province, often blackmailed the people in the name of delivering documents and letters. In 1926, Lin Huandao and others rebelled, forcing the police to formulate five regulations and four regulations, and erected this monument in the local land temple. On July 5, 1935, Chunghwa Post's "Postal Law" was promulgated and implemented, including 50 articles, including "the rights and interests of the postal state, the protection of mail tariffs, delivery, delivery and correspondence secrets, the speed, safety and cost of mail transportation, and the compensation for damage to mail".
On November 1, 1949, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the People's Republic of China was established to manage the postal and telecommunications undertakings across the country. From December 10 to 28, the first national postal conference was held in Beijing, which determined the general direction and highest principle of serving the people, and determined that the postal name was "Chinese People's Post". In the early days of the founding of New China, in order to change the situation of scarce bureaus, uneven distribution and incomplete networks, the Chinese People's Post built a trunk mail network with Beijing as the center, railways as the mainstay, and comprehensive utilization of water, land and air on the basis of the national transportation network. In 1978, after the reform and opening up, the scale of postal construction was unprecedentedly increased, and the mail transportation capacity and processing capacity were significantly improved. Information technology has been widely used, new businesses such as postal savings and express forwarding have been opened one after another, and the comprehensive capacity of China Post has been greatly enhanced.
After entering the new era of socialism, the postal industry is a basic, strategic and leading industry of the national economy, which plays an important role in helping the equalization of public services, promoting the transformation of circulation methods, and promoting consumption upgrading. As an important part of the global secure and interconnected postal network, in the face of the background of global economic integration and the wave of informatization, China Post adheres to the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, lays a solid foundation for high-quality development, wins recognition with high-level services, enhances capabilities with high-efficiency innovation, and develops with high-level cooperation and win-win development.