After the Long March of the main force of the Red Army, what were the cadres and troops of the Red A

In October 1934, the main force of the Red Army prepared for the Long March, and more than 87,000 people left the Red Capital and went to the unknown distance.

Most of them are familiar to us, but we have overlooked another group of people, the Red Army units that remained in the south.

After the Red Army left, they had to contain the main force of the Kuomintang and assist the Long MarchAnd if they stay, they will definitely face the encirclement and suppression of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, compared with the ** Red Army, their experience is actually more life-threatening.

Even the American writer Harrison once described them as "the army of death". So what kind of troops are this "division of death" composed of?What happened to them?

In September 1934, after determining that the Red Capital Ruijin was surrounded on all sides, the "Supreme Three-Man Regiment" decided to carry out a strategic transfer, and at the same time, in order to ensure the success of the transfer, the "Three-Man Regiment" made specific and full organizational preparations for the troops remaining in the Soviet districts, as well as military and political mobilization.

According to the discussions of all parties, the ** sub-bureau, the ** office of the Chinese Soviet Republic, and the ** military district were set up - among them, Xiang Ying was appointed as the acting vice chairman of the ** military revolution, and he was arranged to stay and be responsible for leading the Soviet district to continue the struggle.

Then Bogu held another meeting, and decided to form a leading group composed of Xiang Ying, He Chang, Qu Qiubai, and Chen Tanqiu, and then added *** and Mao Zetan and others.

After the person in charge learned the news, they all accepted the task without hesitation, especially ** and Xiang Ying.

At that time, Xiang Ying firmly said: He will definitely lead the soldiers and civilians of the ** Soviet area to fight to the end to defend the Soviet cause that was bought with bloodAnd ** was lying on the bed, with a plaster cast on his left leg and was ordered to take on military duties to assist Xiang Ying, who also regarded death as home.

After determining the leading groups to be left behind, the first began to arrange the left-behind troops, including the troops directly under the first military region - the Red 24th Division.

- There is no doubt that the Red 24th Division is the absolute main force left behind, and it is under the jurisdiction of the elite division.

Seven. Ten, seventy.

1. The 72nd Regiment and a number of independent regiments directly under it.

Next are the units of the provincial military districts.

Including the Jiangxi Military Region.

The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th regiments, the first of the Gannan Military Region.

Six, ten, ten.

II.X. III.X.

Four, ten. The 5th and 16th Regiments, the Dengxian Independent Regiment, the troops under the Guangdong-Jiangxi Border Army Division, etc.

The Fujian Military Region is independent.

Ten. The 9th and 20th regiments, the subordinate units of the 3rd Operational Division, and the independent unit of the Fujian-Jiangxi Military Region.

Ten. The 7th and 18th regiments, the troops of the Ruijin Army Division and the Ninghua Army Division, also include the Northern Fujian Independent Division.

The Red Tenth Army and the 30th Division of the Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Military Region, the Anhui and Jiangxi Independent Divisions and the Independent Regiment.

However, the main ones were the Red 24th Division and 10 independent regiments, a total of 160,000 people.

Of course, it was not only these immediate combat units that remained, but also the leaders and local cadres mentioned above, as well as a large number of wounded and Red Army family members who had not had time to be transferred, totaling more than 30,000 people.

I have to insert a digression here, originally *** was also seriously ill, and he was almost secretly left behind by Bogu and others to prevent him from interfering in the command of the two.

According to the "Instructions on the Movement of Guerrilla Units" promulgated by the Central Military Commission of the Central Revolution, it was clearly stated that the main task of the remaining troops was to contain the enemy, cover the transfer of the main forces of the Red Army and defend the Soviet area, and carry out mass guerrilla warfare in and around the Soviet area, so that the enemy could not smoothly rule the Soviet area.

Of course, there is also a sentence mentioned in it: wait for the opportunity to **, and restore the jurisdiction of the Soviet zone in the future.

Not only that, the Revolutionary Military Commission also formulated a "triangle area" for them, that is, an area composed of four key counties of the Red Army: Ruijin, Huichang, Yudu and Ningdu, which became the last position that the Red Army had to hold on to.

For this instruction, in fact, the vast majority of the left-behind troops knew that it was difficult to do, for the simple reason that the main Red Army's more than 87,000 people could not resist the more than 300,000-strong army of the Kuomintang, and they were close to the left-behind troops1How can more than 60,000 people hold on?

However, the Red Army is the spark of the revolution, and Ruijin Red is a symbol of the revolution, and the people who stayed behind are not discouraged, they are still high-spirited and united around Xiang Ying.

**After the Red Army's Long March, the remaining Red Army began to take over the defense of the main Red Army. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 20 divisions of troops like a black cloud to crush the city, and a major battle was about to break out.

Xiang Ying immediately called on the common people in the Soviet area to cooperate in defending the Soviet area and to make arrangements for the operation.

However, the combat strength of the left-behind troops was not comparable to that of the main Red Army, and the Kuomintang troops were more ferocious than before, and the left-behind troops paid huge sacrifices and still failed to stop the enemy army.

One defense line after another was breached, and one by one the remaining Red Army fell on the ground. Later, the county seat of Ningdu and the county seat of Changting gradually lost, and even the red capital Ruijin and the important revolutionary county seat of Yudu could not be saved.

At this point, the Kuomintang army occupied the county towns and communication lines in the **Soviet region, and the southern revolution ushered in an unprecedented low period.

Just when the Red Army was retreating, Chiang Kai-shek began to carry out crazy revenge and **, they put forward the bloody slogan of "change the stone and change the species, and the broom will be cut three times", and the revolutionary people in the Soviet area were crazy.

According to statistics, the people killed include: more than 18,000 people in Ruijin, more than 4,500 people in Xunwu, more than 3,000 people in Yudu, more than 2,100 people in Xingguo, more than 1,000 people in Guangchang, and more than 1,000 people in Huichang.

However, in the face of the enemy's carpet policy, it is difficult for the remaining troops to achieve this goal. With the division and encirclement of the Kuomintang troops, the remaining troops had to retreat to the mountains under the leadership of the leaders.

Among them, Zeng Shan withdrew to the mountainous areas north of Ningdu with the Jiangxi Provincial Soviet** and his Red Army units.

The staff of the party, government, and military organs of Gannan Province and the organs of the ** sub-bureau ** military region also began to retreat with the main force of the 24th Division, but they were surrounded by the enemy, and when they broke out of the encirclement, more than 2,000 people fought to only more than 600 people, and they were forced to move to Jiangle County, Fujian Province to continue to hold on.

Needless to say, all the units suffered heavy losses and could only survive in the mountains and forests. However, the Kuomintang wanted to exterminate them all, and actually launched a larger-scale regional purge.

There is no doubt that in such a situation, if they continue to stay where they are, the remaining troops will not only not be able to take root, but will also have the hidden danger of annihilation. At this critical moment, Xiang Ying and others decided to abandon the original mode of "large corps operations", and the various units dispersed to break through and officially launched the era of guerrilla warfare.

After receiving the instructions, the local troops officially started a full-scale breakthrough, because there were many breakthrough troops at that time, and we only selected a few key troops here for example.

For example, the key "Yudu Southern Nine Road" breakthrough.

Among them, Wang Fushan, vice chairman of the Soviet Union of Gannan Province, led more than 400 staff members and more than 400 people in the advance battalion to break through in the direction of Xunwu, but was intercepted by the Guangdong army, the troops were scattered, and he himself died heroically.

After Chen Tanqiu, head of the Organization Department, and members of the ** sub-bureau *** broke through the siege, they personally led four companies to join Zhang Dingcheng and **, successfully broke out of the encirclement, and formed the Southwest Fujian Military and Political Committee to lead the guerrilla war of the Red Army in the southwest Fujian guerrilla area.

Gong Chu, chief of staff of the 24th Red Division, personally led the 71st Regiment to break through to southern Hunan, during which he fought fiercely with the enemy, and after successfully breaking through, he launched a guerrilla war in southern Hunan.

** Mao Zetan, a member of the sub-bureau, led a company to break through, but was told by a traitor and died heroically in a fierce battle with the enemy** Li Cailian, a member of the sub-bureau, led the Red Army's Seventh Independent Regiment to break through, but the troops were scattered by the enemy and could only continue to return to the mountains to hold on.

Xiang Ying, ** and Zhou Jianping, the commander of the Red 24th Division, led the troops to break through, the vanguard was scattered by the enemy, the leader He Chang and the political commissar Yang Ying died heroically, ** Xiang Ying and others also died nine times and barely fought their way out of the encirclement.

The above is only the "tip of the iceberg" in the breakout, but judging from the battle situation, either the leaders sacrificed or suffered heavy losses, and it is not difficult to see that this large-scale breakout battle was fought quite tragically.

The Red Army units left behind were almost devastated, and their morale was at its lowest. And when Xiang Ying and ** later integrated the troops, plus the local guerrillas, the total number was only more than 1,400 people.

But in this extreme situation, Xiang Ying and ** stepped forward, especially **, with his excellent military literacy and the prestige accumulated in various troops, through the instructions and encouragement of documents from all sides, he actually stabilized the morale of the army in an extreme environment.

And the remnants of the army, which have been reborn from the ashes, have also gone from the brink of collapse to rejuvenation.

After experiencing a bloody battle, Xiang Ying and others immediately made a decision, calling on everyone to adopt a flexible and mobile mode of struggle to carry out guerrilla warfare in accordance with the principle of unified command and decentralized action.

Not only that, the Red Army guerrillas also summed up their experience in the course of the battle and put forward the combat method of "small-scale, scattered, and mass guerrilla warfare, with the guerrillas as the backbone and the combination of guerrilla groups and revolutionary masses that do not leave their jobs."

This move successfully and effectively coped with the enemy's pursuit and killing, evaded encirclement and suppression again and again, and retained the revolutionary fire of the Red Army left behind.

However, according to historical records, because the enemy was too fierce, the difficulties encountered by the Red Army left behind were unimaginable, so after creating many combat miracles, the Red Army guerrillas led by ** and others were reduced from more than 1,400 to more than 300.

However, these surviving Red Army units are all veterans of a hundred battles and future military talents, and as long as they can survive the past, they will be the "seeds" that will later sweep the world.

Fortunately, history also gave the Red Army left behind in the south a chance, and in June 1936, the Liangguang Incident broke out, and Li Zongren and others broke up with Chiang Kai-shek. Out of consideration for stabilizing the overall situation, Yu Hanmou, who had been in charge of encirclement and suppression, led his troops to secretly withdraw.

Seeing that the pressure was decreasing, Xiang Ying and ** immediately concentrated the Red Army guerrillas and launched a comprehensive and large-scale counterattack operation, which not only achieved tremendous results, but also expanded the guerrilla zone by taking advantage of the situation, and the number of guerrillas began to increase exponentially.

Although the Liangguang Incident was later resolved, and the Red Army guerrillas also had the "Meiling Incident," under the correct leadership of ** and others, the guerrillas continued to smash the enemy's plan to eliminate the enemy, and gradually grew stronger in the midst of the predicament.

Of course, not counting the main force of the guerrillas led by ** and others, Chen Tanqiu and others also began to flourish in southwestern Fujian -- they proposed to carry out "extensive, flexible, mass, and victorious guerrilla warfare."

With the full cooperation of Zhang Dingcheng, ** and *** and others, the Red Army guerrillas in southwest Fujian also crushed the enemy's clean-up operations twice before and after, leaving them with opportunities for development.

In January 1936, the Red Army in southwestern Fujian reorganized its troops, put forward the united front policy of resisting Japan and opposing Chiang, and replaced the policy of "fighting local tyrants" with persuasion to resist Japan, which reduced the pressure on the Red Army guerrillas and won widespread sympathy and support from society.

At the time of the outbreak of the Liangguang Incident, the Red Army guerrillas in southwestern Fujian once again made tremendous progress, so much so that later, when the enemy troops made a comeback, they actually fought more than 40 battles with the enemy in more than three months.

It is particularly worth mentioning here that the Red Army guerrillas on the Fujian-Jiangxi border led by Lai Changzuo at that time suffered extremely heavy losses in order to exchange time and space for the main force.

They organized more than 1,000 troops to cooperate with the Red 24th Division in combat operations, during which they fought bravely in the face of the frenzied encirclement and suppression of the enemy's two divisions, but they were outnumbered and suffered heavy losses.

-- Commander Liu Lianbiao died heroically, political commissar Yang Shizhu defected, and his main three independent battalions fought until the end only the Ruijin Independent Battalion remained, and the troops suffered extremely heavy losses and had to be reduced to zero.

Although in 1936 the guerrillas attacked and killed Xie Cundao, the secretary of the provincial party department, and Wang Shijin, the head of the enemy regiment, the leader Lai Changzuo was also killed by traitors, and by March 1937, there were only more than 80 people left in the department.

However, under the wise leadership of *** and ** and others, the southern guerrillas finally persisted until the dawn came, and in 1936, the Xi'an Incident broke out, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began to cooperate to resist Japan, and the southern guerrillas were reorganized into the New Fourth Army.

According to records, with the development of various guerrilla units in the eight southern provinces, a total of 15 forces have been accumulated, of which in addition to the more than 300 Red Army troops led by Xiang Ying and **, there are also the following formations, but they are all guerrillas.

More than 300 people in the Fujian-Jiangxi border guerrilla area;2,000 people in the guerrilla zone of western Fujian;700 people in the guerrilla zone of northern Fujian;More than 1,300 people in the eastern Fujian guerrilla area;More than 300 people in the Fujian-Guangdong border guerrilla area;More than 200 people in the guerrilla zone in central Fujian;More than 300 people in the guerrilla areas along the Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi borders;400 people in the guerrilla zone in southern Zhejiang;More than 500 people in the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border guerrilla areas;400 people in the guerrilla zone on the Hunan and Jiangxi borders;More than 300 people in the Shonan guerrilla zone;More than 2,000 people in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border guerrilla area;More than 1,000 people in the Hubei-Henan border guerrilla area;More than 300 people in the Qiongya guerrilla area.