In March 1947, after losing 700,000 troops in an all-out attack on the liberated areas, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek were unable to launch a large-scale offensive and instead adopted a "key offensive" strategy, that is, focusing on the liberated areas of northern Shaanxi and Shandong, and carrying out the key offensive known as the "double-spear offensive". The Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek believed that, first of all, northern Shaanxi, especially Yan'an, was the party, government, and military command center of the Communist Party, and that if Yan'an could be captured, it could "shake its military morale, disintegrate its will, and weaken its international status." The elimination of the East China Field Army led by Su Yu and the occupation of Shandong can ensure the smooth flow of the Jinpu Line and the security of Jinan, Xuzhou, and northern and central Jiangsu, and then cross the Yellow River north to "purge" our army in North China, and then concentrate forces to turn to our army in the northeast.
In view of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek's "key offensive" strategy, they took a long-term view, strategized, adopted correct countermeasures, commanded our troops in northern Shaanxi and Shandong to fight flexibly, effectively annihilated the Kuomintang army's nearly 100,000 living forces, and smashed the enemy's plot of "key offensive" in only two months, and the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek won another fiasco.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in August 1945, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek began to target the spearhead of the struggle against the Communist Party and the army and people in the liberated areas led by the Communist Party. However, due to the fact that the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had just ended, the people of the whole country, who had suffered from eight years of war, strongly demanded that the Chiang Kai-shek authorities maintain domestic peace and democracy and build a stable society.
How can we become famous, and at the same time, put the responsibility for destroying domestic peace and democracy and provoking a civil war on the head of the Communist Party and the Communist Party?Chiang Kai-shek discussed with the think tank for a long time, and finally came up with a clever plan, which was to invite *** to Chongqing for negotiations. If *** does not dare to come, then he can openly impose the charge of undermining domestic peace and democracy on the head of the Communist Party and **. So in late August 1945, Chiang Kai-shek pretended to be high-profile and repeatedly invited *** to Chongqing for negotiations.
However, Chiang Kai-shek's wishful thinking failed. Just when he and his subordinates estimated that *** would never dare to go to Chongqing for negotiations, on August 27, 1945, **, accompanied by the US special envoy Hurley, actually flew from Yan'an, and his attitude in the negotiations was neither humble nor arrogant, reasonable and modest. On the issue of downsizing the army, he did not give an inch, leaving him helpless. In particular, his chic demeanor and laughing demeanor have conquered people from all walks of life in the mountain city of Chongqing, including some upper-level people in the Kuomintang. In the end, he only signed the "Double Tenth Agreement" with *** on October 10, jointly promising to maintain a new stage of domestic peace and democracy. The original plan had failed, much to Chiang Kai-shek's chagrin.
However, Chiang Kai-shek's determination to eliminate the Communist Party was unshakable. After the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Chongqing, he openly or covertly dispatched troops and began to prepare for civil war in various aspects. On the political front, he convened the Second Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Kuomintang, at which various motions on party affairs, military affairs, and the economy were passed, paving the way for the unification of the Kuomintang's political ideology, organization, and strengthening of its personal powerOn the military front, he accelerated the speed of transporting troops to North China, Northeast China, Shanghai and other places, and grabbed territory. He abolished the Military Council and established the Ministry of Defense. He also ordered the Kuomintang army to be reduced to 108 integrated divisions (equivalent to the original army), and disbanded and eliminated a number of old, weak, sick and disabled people, so as to make the army more capableAt the same time, he also continuously sent troops to launch harassing attacks on communist troops and liberated areas in southern Jin, western Henan, western Zhejiang, eastern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, and northern Jiangsu.
In May 1946, Chiang Kai-shek felt that he was almost ready to fight. So he demanded that our army immediately withdraw from the areas south of Longhai Road, the entire line of Jiaoji, most of the northeast, south of Chengde, and some areas of Shandong and Shanxi, but his unreasonable proposition was categorically rejected by our party and ***. Annoyed and ashamed, he openly tore off the mask of peace and democracy, and in June 1946 ordered Xuzhou to sign the first office.
1. The 500,000 elite soldiers in the third appeasement area launched a large-scale attack on the liberated areas of Jiangsu and Anhui, thus opening the prelude to launching a "comprehensive attack" against the Communist Party and the Communist Party - the general outbreak of civil war.
However, the development of the war situation was not as rosy as Chiang Kai-shek expected, on the contrary, the loss of troops and the defeat of the generals.
Chiang Kai-shek's all-out offensive against our Party and our army was divided into two phases. The first phase was from July to October 1946. In the first four months of the battle, the Kuomintang army went on a relatively smooth offensive, seizing 105 small and medium-sized cities in Zhangjiakou, Heze, Huaiyin, and Andong (now Dandong), including large areas of land, and opening up the Jiaoji Line. By October of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek had invested a total of 73 divisions and 209 brigades, accounting for four-fifths of the total strength, of which the front-line troops had a total of 43 divisions and 117 brigades. However, the Kuomintang army also paid a heavy price, losing 300,000 men in 32 brigades and irregular troops.
The second phase of the war lasted from November 1946 to February 1947. During these four months, the Kuomintang offensive was met with stubborn resistance from our army. In November 1946, our army in Jinsui and Taiyue launched the Southwest Shanxi Campaign, and our army in North China attacked south of Baoding on the Pinghan LineFrom January to February 1947, our army in Northeast China launched offensives in South Manchuria and North ManchuriaOur army in the Central Plains attacked the Kuomintang army in eastern Henan and northern Anhui;In particular, in December 46 and January and February 47, the Subei Campaign, the Lunan Campaign and the Laiwu Campaign were launched in succession, and the Kuomintang army lost more than 100,000 essences in three months, and a number of senior generals such as Dai Zhiqi of the 96th Division, Ma Liwu of the 26th Division, Zhou Yuying of the 51st Division, and Li Xianzhou, Deputy Commander of the Second Appeasement Zone, were killed or captured in battle. In general, at this stage, our army waited for an opportunity to fight, causing the Kuomintang army to suffer heavy losses, and about 400,000 troops were wiped out by our army.
Therefore, after nearly eight months of real battles, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek not only did not take advantage, but on the contrary, lost about 700,000 soldiers. They planned to occupy East China and North China within three months to six months, so that the two places would be connected, and the Jinpu and Pinghan lines would be restored, and then the plan to completely occupy Northeast China would come to naught. On the contrary, the number of troops used for combat has been greatly reduced, and the strategic reserve forces that have been left in the rear have to be transferred to fight. Its strategic reserve has been reduced from 55 brigades in the summer of 1946 to 39 brigades, and its troop deployment has been stretched thin, and it is difficult to continue to engage our army in an all-round way.
In the face of the crushing defeat of the above-mentioned all-out offensive, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek decided to change their tactics and implement a strategy of "key offensive" against the liberated areas of northern Shaanxi and Shandong. Chiang Kai-shek believes that northern Shaanxi is "the nest of the first country, the first to live" in the region for many years, if the Kuomintang army can eliminate our army in northern Shaanxi, "plough the court and sweep the holes", end Yan'an, and seize the Communist Party will fall into a state of leaderlessness, so that the Kuomintang army can clean up one by one, and finally wipe out the Communist Party. Shandong is the key area of the Tianjin-Pudong line, which connects the Central Plains, North China, Northern Jiangsu and Central Jiangsu, and its geographical location is quite important. Since December 1946, the first division of Shandong and the Suyu department of central China merged to form the East China Field Army, its strength has increased greatly, and it has made frequent attacks, and has succeeded in Subei (campaign), Lunan (campaign), and Laiwu (campaign), which seriously threatens the smooth flow of the Jinpu line and the security of Jinan, Xuzhou, northern Jiangsu and central Jiangsu, so it must be given a heavy blow and annihilation as soon as possible.
In early March 1947, after the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek decided on a "key offensive" strategy, Chiang Kai-shek instructed the Ministry of National Defense led by Bai Chongxi and the General Staff Headquarters led by Chen Cheng to quickly formulate a strategic plan for a "key offensive" against the liberated areas of northern Shaanxi and Shandong, and dispatched troops to start a new round of offensives.
The Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek changed their tactics and dispatched troops to launch a "key offensive" against the liberated areas of northern Shaanxi and Shandong.
** After conducting an in-depth study and anticipatory analysis of the changes in the current situation, he believes that this situation shows that the strategy of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek's all-out offensive in the past eight months has failed. Under the counterattack of the army and the people of our liberated areas who shared the same hatred for the enemy and united as one, the enemy lost 65 brigades and more than 700,000 men, and was no longer able to maintain the momentum of an all-out offensive. Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng and his ilk boasted of settling the Communist Party in three months. Our party and our army withstood the enemy's frantic attack and won the first battle. Faced with the predicament of a crushing defeat, the only recourse for the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek was to change course, change their tactics, and implement the so-called "key offensive" strategy.
**Think: The determination of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek to oppose the people will never change. Since the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, they have disregarded the cries of the people throughout the country for democracy and peace, dispatched troops, and vainly attempted to take advantage of their military and equipment superiority to annihilate our party and army. With regard to the despicable practices of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek in imposing the civil war on the Communists, the strategy of the Kuomintang was to be fearless, second, to wage a resolute struggle with them, and third, to speak with facts and expose their conspiracy. The people of the whole country knew very well that the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek were playing with fake democracy and peace, and they mobilized their troops to continuously launch large-scale attacks on the liberated areas, including forcing the Chinese Communist Party representatives and staff in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Chongqing to evacuate. ** It is believed that even if the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek change the "all-out offensive" to a "focused offensive", they will be doomed to defeat and will not take advantage of the slightest.
However, we are also well aware that the current situation is still severe. Although our army has annihilated more than 700,000 Kuomintang troops in the past eight months, the enemy has not reached the point of breaking bones and bones, and their total strength is still more than 190 brigades, about 1.9 million regular troops, which is much greater than our strength, not to mention equipment. In this case, we must keep a clear head and not be blindly optimistic. It is necessary to formulate a correct strategy for the struggle against the enemy and smash the plot of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek to "focus on offensive."
According to the information provided by our army's intelligence department, Chiang Kai-shek dispatched troops in this way at that time: In northern Shaanxi, his protégé Hu Zongnan commanded the attack on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo border region, and the specific troop deployment was to reorganize the 1st Army, the 29th Army, and the 15th and 38th Divisions, with a total of 15 brigades and 140,000 people, and the line of Yijun, Luochuan, and Yichuan to the north to serve as the main attack;The 18th, 81st, and 82nd divisions of the 18th, 81st, and 82nd divisions of the Northwest Xingyuan Division were reorganized into a total of 10 brigades40,000 people attacked eastward from Yinchuan, Ningxia, Tongxin, Zhenyuan, and other placesDeng Baoshan, director of the Jin-Shaanxi Border Region Headquarters, belonged to two brigades of the 22nd Army, a total of 120,000 people assisted from Yulin to the south to cooperate, seize Yan'an, and eliminate our ** organs and troops in northern Shaanxi.
On the Shandong side, Chiang Kai-shek's appointed commander was Gu Zhutong, commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Army. He will command about 450,000 people in 24 integrated divisions, including Tang Enbo's Corps, Wang Jingjiu's Corps, and Ou Zhen's Corps, to attack Luzhong's ** and Suyu's East China Field Army from Xuzhou, Northern Jiangsu, and other directions, in an attempt to wipe out Huaye in the Yimeng Mountains. Judging from the situation of our army in these two areas, the pressure on our army is quite great. The remaining troops of our army in northern Shaanxi are less than 30,000, and the ratio of Hu Zongnan's troops is 1:10;The main force of Chen and Su in Shandong has more than 200,000 troops, and the ratio of Gu Zhutong's strength is about 1:2.
** Analysis of the military attempt of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek to organize this "key offensive" is to first solve the northwest problem, cut off the right arm of our party, and expel our army and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army from the northwest, and then mobilize troops to attack North China;At the same time, we will destroy the liberated areas of Shandong, eliminate the East China Field Army, open up the Tianjin-Pudong line, solve the threat of our East China Field Army to Xuzhou, Jinan, and northern Jiangsu, and finally achieve the goal of breaking our army and eliminating our party.
Of course, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek's "key offensive" behavior is also very clear, which does not in any way indicate the strength of their rule, but shows that their military, political, and economic conditions are already in an extremely difficult situation. In order to mobilize troops to organize this attack, only four brigades were left in the Shanxi area on Hu Zongnan's right flank to cooperate with Yan Xishan in Shanxi for defenseIn the rear, the West Longhai railway and the road from Xi'an to Lanzhou were also empty;In the Central Plains, Chiang Kai-shek transferred Wang Jingjiu's corps to the Shandong battlefield, making the central part of the Longhai Railway insufficient.
After repeated and careful consideration, it was decided to adopt the strategy of "withdrawing from Yan'an" and "fighting on the inner line" to deal with the "key offensive" strategy of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek. After discussing and unifying the thinking and understanding of the leaders of Yu and other leaders, it was decided that the northern Shaanxi side should "withdraw from Yan'an" and let the enemy carry the burden so that he could find fighters and destroy the enemy's living forces. Shandong, on the other hand, adopted the strategy of "fighting on the inside line" and waited for an opportunity to destroy the enemy.
** The strategy of withdrawing from Yan'an to deal with the enemy's "key offensive" is based on the following considerations: that is, under the current situation of the great enemy, especially the situation in which the enemy's forces are superior, our side should adopt the policy of avoiding its edge and waiting for an opportunity to fight. We can give up some places, including Yan'an, and let the enemy occupy them, and give Chairman Chiang a "greeting gift" so that the enemy will carry a heavy burden on his back, and then our army will then display the tactics of maneuvering, seize the opportunity, strike hard at the enemy, and eat up part of the enemy, so as to smash the conspiracy of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek to "focus on attacking."
The specific strategic arrangements are: In light of the relatively small number of troops in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region, more than 10,000 people from the two brigades of the ** Department of the 2nd Column of the Jinsui Military Region were urgently transferred from the Luliang area to the west to join the Northwest People's Liberation ArmyIt is necessary to lure the enemy into going deeper, take the initiative to abandon Yan'an, and maneuver with Hu Zongnan's main force in the mountainous areas north of Yan'an, trapping the enemy in the predicament of being very tired and short of food, and then take the opportunity to concentrate forces to destroy them one by one, so as to achieve a pincer and gradually weaken the southern part of Hu Zong, strategically cooperate with other liberated areas to fight, and finally win the victory in the Northwest Liberation War. The party and government organs and the masses stationed in Yan'an immediately evacuated nervously. On the Shandong side, according to the fact that the East China Field Army led by Su Yu has more than 200,000 troops and has a certain ability to contend with the enemy, it was decided that Huaye would not switch out of the external line for the time being, and would continue to adopt the strategy of "internal line operations" to look for fighters, that is, the main force should still stand by in the Yimeng Mountains of Shandong for the time being, and wait for the situation to become clearer before making the next step of planning and action.
In addition, in addition to intensifying the struggle against the enemy in the two battlefields of northern Shaanxi and Shandong, the military and civilians in other liberated areas were deployed to attack and harass the enemy and cooperate with the military and civilian battles in the liberated areas of northern Shaanxi and Shandong. That is, it is necessary to arrange for the troops to be transferred to the Central Plains, the troops of Shanxi, Chahar, Ji, Chen Geng, Xie Fuzhi in Taiyue, and the troops of Luo Rongheng in the northeast to intensify their attacks, strive to destroy more of the enemy's vital forces, distract the enemy's energy, and make the enemy take care of one thing and lose the other, so that the enemy can completely break the "key offensive" of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek at an early date. ”
For the strategic move of withdrawing from Yan'an, many comrades did not understand or were unwilling at that time, after all, Yan'an was the capital of Yan'an for 13 years and the central base camp of the Chinese revolution, and everyone was reluctant to leave. However, under the persuasion and analysis of the company, everyone understood the strategic intention of the company and realized the farsightedness and greatness of the company.
For example, Shi Zhe, the director of the office at the time, couldn't understand the withdrawal from Yan'an for a while, and he asked to see *** late at night. Shi Zhe later recalled the scene of talking to him at that time:
Chairman, what should be done in the preparation work?Do we have to evacuate?Can Yan'an be kept without retreating?Shi Zhe asked with a confused and worried face.
Lit a cigarette and said with a smile: "Your ideas are not high, not very smart." Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Zongnan should not be stopped from entering and occupying Yan'an, including Gu Zhutong leading troops to attack the liberated area of Shandong, do you know?”
** Continued: "Chiang Kai-shek Ah Q was full of spirit, and when he occupied Yan'an, he thought he was victorious. But in fact, as soon as he occupied Yan'an, he lost everything. First of all, the people of the whole country and even the whole world knew that it was Chiang Kai-shek who betrayed his promise, undermined peace, started a civil war, brought disaster to the country and the people, and was unpopular. This is the main aspect. In addition, it must be known that since Yan'an is a world-famous city, it is also a heavy burden, and since he has to carry this burden, let him carry it. And then again, since you can hit Yan'an, I can also hit Nanjing. It's okay to come and not be rude. ”
** Then said, "Do you know boxing?".Withdraw the fist in order to punch out more powerfully. As he spoke, he folded his right arm and made a boxing pose.
Shi Zhe, who suddenly opened up, seemed to understand everything, and his heavy thoughts and worries were swept away, and he said with great spirit: "It turns out that the chairman is a bamboo in his chest!."It's not that I'm afraid that Chiang Kai-shek will attack Yan'an and Shandong, but I'm afraid that he won't attack!I will go back now and convey to the comrades the instructions of the chairman, immediately arranging preparations for evacuation and retreat. ”
On March 18, ** withdrew from Yan'an, leaving an empty city in Yan'an to Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Zongnan.
In early March 1947, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek launched the button of "key offensive", determined to win, and the result was that the war was abandoned in two months, and by mid-May, under the wise command of ***, the enemy had another crushing defeat.
In northern Shaanxi, our army won "three battles and three victories", and Hu Zongnan could not find the north. Except for an empty city in Yan'an, the enemy didn't even see the shadow of ***. That is, from March 25 to May 4, 1947, the Northwest Field Corps of the People's Liberation Army, under the command of the commander and political commissar and deputy political commissar, successively carried out ambushes and fortified battles against the Kuomintang army in Qinghuatou, Yangmahe, Panlong Town and other places in the northeast of Yan'an.
Battle of Qinghuatou: The Northwest Field Army contacted the Kuomintang army with a small force, lured it north to Ansai, and secretly assembled in the Ganguyi, Qinghuatou, and Panlong areas with the main force to standby. On March 20, the 31st Brigade of the 27th Division of the Kuomintang Army (1 regiment owed) went out from the front of the abduction to Qinghuatou. The Northwest Field Corps, consisting of the 359th Brigade of the 2nd Column, the 4th Independent Brigade, the 358th Brigade of the 1st Column, the newly formed 4th Brigade, and the Teaching Brigade, a total of 5 brigades, ambushed on both sides of the Yanyu Highway south of Qinghuatou on the 23rd, with the 1st Independent Brigade of the 1st Column as the reserve. On the 24th, the 31st Brigade of the Kuomintang Army entered the ambush area of the Northwest Field Corps, and after more than one hour of fierce fighting, more than 2,900 people of the brigade were annihilated and the brigade commander Li Jiyun was captured.
Battle of the Yangma River: After the Battle of Qinghuatou, Hu Zongnan found that the main force of the Northwest Field Army was in the northeast of Yan'an, so he turned east from Ansai, but it was empty one after another. The Northwest Field Corps was determined to attract the main force of Hu to the northwest of Panlong and annihilate the 135th Brigade that was alone in the south. On April 13, the blocking troops resisted the attack of 9 brigades of Hu Zongnan's main force in the areas of Niangoumen, Lijiacha and Yushujiao, and when the 135th Brigade of Hu Department quickly moved south from Wayaobao (i.e., Zichang) and attempted to flank the main force of the Northwest Field Army, it was surrounded and annihilated by the 4 brigades set up in advance by the Northwest Field Corps on the high ground near the Yangma River, annihilating 4,700 enemies and capturing the acting brigade commander Mai Zongyu.
Battle of Panlong: After the Battle of Yangma River, the main force of the Northwest Field Corps withdrew to the south of Wayaobao to Qingjian Avenue and waited for the battle. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek misjudged that the main forces of the CCP ** and the Northwest People's Liberation Army were assembling towards Suide and preparing to cross the Yellow River eastward. He then ordered Hu Zong to go north in the south, and ordered the Yulin Kuomintang army to go south in an attempt to gather and annihilate the CCP's ** organs and the Northwest Field Corps. Hu Zongnan immediately ordered the reorganization of the 1st and 29th armies, a total of 9 brigades to occupy Suide, and when its return was not timely, the main force of the Northwest Field Corps launched an attack on the defenders of Panlong on May 2, and on the 4th, captured Panlong, completely annihilated more than 6,700 defenders in the south of Hu Zong, and captured the brigade commander Li Kungang.
Qinghuatou, Yangmahe, and Panlong fought three battles and won three victories, and a total of 1More than 40,000 people, with a large amount of seized materials and equipment, dealt a heavy blow to the rampant arrogance of the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek, and greatly encouraged the confidence of the army and people in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region and the soldiers and people in other liberated areas in victory.
Shandong: ** Su Yu led the East China Field Army, starting from mid-April, in the face of 450,000 strong enemies on three sides of the encirclement and step by step, and the enemy in the Yimeng Mountains for more than a month, and finally looking for fighters, on May 13 to 16, the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek's first "ace army" reorganized 74th Division surrounded in the Menglianggu area, after three days of fierce fighting, completely annihilated the enemy's 74th Division 320,000 people, killed the enemy division commander Zhang Lingfu, and achieved the famous victory in the Battle of Menglianggu.
On the morning of 12 May, according to the enemy's desire to seek merit and merit in the commander of the enemy's reorganized 74th Division, he waved his troops into more than a dozen miles, broke away from the protection of the left and right flanks, and attacked the enemy situation in Tangbu, Mengyin County, where the headquarters of the East China Field Army was located, Su Yu resolutely decided to change the battle plan of the 7th Army and the 48th Division of the enemy in Yishui to "cut off" the 74th Division of the enemy's "ace army" and quickly eliminate them, that is, with the heroic spirit of "taking the head of the general among the millions of troops," he adopted the "tiger digging out the heart" Tactics: Under the situation of the enemy's heavy army group being close together, the 74th Division was cut and reorganized from its front. The specific deployment is as follows: the 1st, 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th columns and special forces columns will serve as the main attack;The 2nd, 3rd, 7th, and 10th columns served as blocking reinforcements;In addition, local armed forces were used to contain the enemy from all walks of life and to attack and sabotage the enemy's rear along the Linyi and Lintai highways.
*, after the Su Yu combat order was issued, the Huaye 9th Column and the 4th Column launched an attack on the enemy's 74th Division in the front (north), forcing the enemy to retreat step by step, and occupied the first line of Tangjiayuzi and Zhaojiachengzi;To the south, the Huaye 6th Column, with the coordination of the 1st Huaye Column, captured Duozhuang at dawn on the 15th, cutting off the southern escape route of the reorganized 74th DivisionTo the east, the Huaye 8th Column captured Wanquan Mountain and opened up contact with the 1st and 6th ColumnsTo the west, the Huaye 1st Column severed the connection between the enemy's 74th Division and the enemy's 25th Division. At this point, a four-sided encirclement of the enemy's reorganized 74th Division was formed in the Lushan and Menglianggu areas.
After the enemy's reorganized 74th Division was surrounded, Chiang Kai-shek and Gu Zhutong were surprised, but they believed that the division had strong combat effectiveness, was located in a favorable terrain, had already controlled the commanding heights, and would be able to hold onIf the left and right neighbors accelerate reinforcements, it can create an opportunity for a decisive battle with the main force of the East China Field Army. Therefore, in addition to ordering the reorganized 74th Division to hold on to the Menglianggu area and wait for reinforcements to contain the main force of the East China Field Army, the integrated 11th Division of Xintai, the integrated 65th Division of Mengyin, the integrated 25th Division of Taoxu, the integrated 83rd Division of Qingtuosi, the 7th Army and the 48th Division of Heyang and Tangtou were strictly ordered to quickly move closer to the integrated 74th DivisionThe 5th Army was transferred south from Laiwu, and the 20th Division was reorganized to advance from Dawenkou to Mengyin, in an attempt to use the strength of 10 reorganized divisions to annihilate the main force of the East China Field Army led by ** and Su Yu in the Menglianggu area. Zhang Lingfu also believed that the structure was still complete, the troops had strong combat effectiveness, and they would be actively reinforced by their neighbors on the left and right, so they asked for air-dropped food and bombs on the one hand, and on the other hand, they adjusted their deployment and stubbornly waited for reinforcements, in a vain attempt to take themselves as the "axis" to attract the main force of Huaye, come to a "center flowering", and eliminate Huaye.
However, under the command of ** and Su Yu, the Huaye troops resolutely blocked the enemy from all directions, and accelerated the onslaught on the enemy's 74th Division on the other hand, and at 13 o'clock on the 15th, the East China Field Army launched a general offensive, and the troops attacked from all directions, and the 74th Division was reorganized to resist stubbornly. Each position has been repeatedly contested, and some positions have been won and lost, and have changed hands several times. After fierce fighting until more than 3 o'clock in the afternoon of the 16th, the East China Field Army captured Diaowo, Lushan, and Menglianggu, and the commanders and fighters of the East China Field Army occupied various hills, large and small, and completely annihilated the enemy's "Ace Army" and reorganized the 74th Division 320,000 people, killed the enemy's division commander Zhang Lingfu, achieved the famous Meng Lianggu victory at home and abroad, smashed the Kuomintang and Chiang Kai-shek's plot to "focus on attacking" Shandong, reversed the situation in East China, and effectively cooperated with the operations in northern Shaanxi and other battlefields.
At this point, under the wise command of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek's painstakingly planned strategy of "key offensives" in northern Shaanxi and Shandong liberated areas lost nearly 100,000 troops in less than two months, and had to be hastily declared over and turned into nothing. Our army, on the other hand, has continued to grow in strength and strength in the course of battle, and has accumulated experience in the operation of large corps, thus creating extremely favorable conditions for the liberation war to shift from strategic defense to strategic offensive and then push the Chinese revolution to a new climax.
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