In the process of laying hens, immunization is the most important form of immunization, and each chicken has about 12 or more injections before the start of production. After the start of production-elimination, only Newcastle disease - H9 and H5 + H7 and other injection immunization also need as many as 5 6 times. This does not include emergency vaccinations in the event of an epidemic. Improper injection immunization operation will not only affect the immunization effect of the vaccine and affect the appearance of the eliminated chickens, but also cause chicken death or chicken paralysis due to penetrating the chest and abdominal cavity or hitting the nerves and blood vessels.
1. Before immunization, we must do a good job in the business training of operators
1.1. First of all, let's talk about the basic anatomical knowledge
The skin of chicks, young chickens and adult chickens was removed on the spot, and the structural conditions of the chest muscles, leg muscles, inner wing root muscles, neck and other parts of the chickens of different days were carefully observed and compared. Experience the anatomical location of these parts and the condition of the feathers;Feel the development status of the parts used for injection by chickens of different ages and different physiques;Dissect and examine the correlation between these parts and internal organs, and understand the angle, depth, and actual significance of the injection needleDissect chickens that have died of visceral bleeding due to injection, or have malabsorbed vaccines or swollen heads and faces, and experience the essentials of neck and chest injections on the spot.
1.2. Carefully teach each operator the technique of injection
Compared with the training of anatomical knowledge, more attention should be paid to the training of injection techniques for epidemic prevention personnel. Each injection method has a specific scope of application, the type of vaccine to be injected and the items to be injected.
2. From the brooding period, it is necessary to plan the injection site to be used in advance
2.1. Plan out the general site for injection immunization:
Malec, or 5 7 days of the first Newcastle disease - H9 (new tributary or new glandular or new tributary method) or the first H5 immunization site to be subcutaneous in the neck.
Due to the nature of the vaccine itself, it is best to inject it subcutaneously or superficially into the muscles of the chest (the site can only be used once, and no more vaccines will be injected after use), and it is better not to inject it subcutaneously on the legs or neck.
The vaccine should not be injected intramuscularly on the inside of the wing base before the start of laying, and it should be reserved for injection of H5, H7 and Newcastle disease-H9 after laying eggs.
All live vaccines, including Newcastle disease clones, are immunized on the outside leg of the chicken.
2.2. Subdivide the chest injection site into areas and use them reasonably
When the textbook explains chest injection, you should choose the outer side of the keel chest 1 3 places. But everyone should understand that this is the best injection site, and multiple injections must not always be in this one place, so it is necessary to plan the appropriate injection site according to the age of the reserve chick and the state of breast development.
Divide the chest muscle injection site into 7 points: artificially divide the chest into two horizontal and two vertical equidistant points, and select 7 of the 9 points on each side as the injection site. Among them, the upper part starts from the highest point of the keel about 2 fingers to the edge of the lower thoracic muscles;Front to back from the front to the back of the entire chest.
Carefully plan and rationally use the 7 injection sites on each side of the chest: due to the difference between the pectoral muscles before and after development, it is best to choose the "1" site when injecting before 12 weeks, as long as the injection sites do not coincide, you can use it repeatedly;When "1" is used at about the same time and the development of chest muscles tends to be perfect, then use "", and then so on to "7". Among them, it is worth noting that the chickens are vaccinated against rhinitis twice at about 40 days of age and 90 days of age, and due to the inherent absorption characteristics of rhinitis oil seedlings, it is best to be immunized at the position of "3", and only use once.
3. Injection immune stress is very large, and the use of anti-stress additives should be done
Of all the immunizations, the stress of injectable immunization is the greatest. Therefore, in the careful selection of good adjuvant oil seedlings (rhinitis oil seedlings for example, if the quality is poor, and hit on the leg muscles, the chicken lies on its stomach for 48 hours or more, and seriously affects the increase of feed intake for a few days), choose a reasonable injection site, and do a good job on the basis of winter oil seedling preheating. Increase the addition of vitamins by more than 30% in the chicken feed 5-7 days before and after immunization (Zhonggu LV115, Nuriin WD300 according to 0.).5 kg of VC is added) and 200-300 g of anti-stress VC or 1 kg of anti-stress king is added.