In 1279, the last resistance of the Southern Song Dynasty disappeared in the Battle of Yashan. This desperate struggle witnessed the martyrdom of 200,000 warriors and became the end of the history of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties. The Southern Song Dynasty was corrupt, and Jia Rudao usurped power, but the choice of fate made this weak Song Dynasty adopt the last temperament.
Under the corruption and social turmoil of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia seemed to be treacherous and indulgent, and Song Duzong had no intention of strengthening the country. Under the weak Song Dynasty, although there were loyal and good ministers, the will of the upper class determined the fate of the lower class. Jia Rudao brutalized Zhongliang for his own selfish desires, and Song Duzong indulged in entertainment and ignored the country's mountains and rivers.
Song Duzong is not a wise and martial king, and Jia Rudao is not a good minister. In the Battle of Xiangfan, Jia Rudao concealed the military situation and refused to send troops to rescue, resulting in the Southern Song Dynasty gate being opened by the Mongol army and the Yuan army moving south. The small court of the Southern Song Dynasty fell into a desperate situation, the Yuan army moved southward strongly, and the Song army was defeated and retreated, and finally besieged the Song capital.
In the face of the strong siege of the Yuan army, Jia Rudao asked the Yuan army for peace, but the Southern Song Dynasty had no bargaining chips for peace, and the Yuan army refused to sue for peace and ordered the Southern Song Dynasty to surrender Kaicheng. In 1276, the Southern Song Dynasty surrendered under the siege of the Yuan army, and Emperor Gong of Song and the Empress Dowager Xie became prisoners of the Yuan army and suffered humiliation.
In the middle of the night when the Southern Song Dynasty fell, Song Duzong's concubine Yang fled from Lin'an City with her young sons Zhao Yu, King Yi, and Zhao Yu, King Guang, and fled all the way, and the Yuan army was in hot pursuit. In Fuzhou, Yiwang Zhao Yu was promoted as the young emperor, called Duanzong, and established the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the internal party strife within the small court was fierce, and the pressure to resist the Yuan army was even greater.
In 1277, Fuzhou was conquered by the Yuan army, and the small court fled to Quanzhou again. Pu Shougeng of Quanzhou City surrendered to the Yuan army, refused to provide ships, and forced Zhang Shijie and others to force themselves to go to sea. In the escape at sea, Song Duanzong fell ill and died, and Zhao Yu, the king of Guang, succeeded him and became the late emperor of the Song Dynasty.
After the late Song Emperor succeeded to the throne, the small court moved to Yashan and established an anti-Yuan base area. Wen Tianxiang led the army to resist the enemy on land, although he recovered some areas, but in the face of the fierce offensive of the Yuan army, he was finally defeated in the battle of Kongkeng, his wife and children were captured, and he himself escaped by luck.
During his captivity, Wen Tianxiang was lured to surrender many times, but he remained loyal and unyielding. On the way to be escorted, he wrote the famous story "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang". After three years in prison, Yuan Shizu ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed at the age of forty-seven.
At the same time, the Yuan army pursued to Yashan, and the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty was left with only the anti-Yuan army at sea. The Yuan army numbered tens of thousands and was not Xi to water warfare, while the small imperial court occupied a favorable position. Before the Battle of Yashan broke out, a general proposed to occupy the mouth of the bay, but it was rejected. Zhang Shijie used the momentum of the iron-locked chain ship to defend against the enemy and guard against the fire attack of the Yuan army.
Seeing that the plan failed, the Yuan army blocked the bay and cut off water sources and military food supplies. Under the blockade, the Song army fell into hunger, thirst and disease, but still resisted. The Yuan army launched a fierce attack, and Zhang Shijie cut the rope lock to escort Empress Dowager Yang and Emperor Late Song to break through. However, due to the fact that the warships of the late Song Emperor were sandwiched among the ships, they could not break through.
In desperation, Zhang Shijie sent a boat to pick up the late Song Emperor, but was refused. In order to protect the prince, the late Song Emperor committed suicide by jumping into the sea. After Zhang Shijie learned about it, he tried his best to break through, and finally threw himself into the sea and died in the sea. At this point, the Southern Song Dynasty collapsed, and the Battle of Yashan became a tragic final chapter in the annals of history.
The martyrdom of the Southern Song Dynasty: the pain of a weak country, the swan song of Yashan.
The article vividly depicts the political corruption and social turmoil at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, as well as the tragic scene of the Battle of Yashan. During this period of history, Jia Yidao's treacherous power and Song Duzong's indulgence led to the decline of the Southern Song Dynasty. Through the description of historical events, the article outlines a tragic picture of the demise of a dynasty.
Jia Yidao's betrayal and cruelty to Zhongliang plunged the Southern Song Dynasty into chaos. The article's description of the Battle of Xiangfan is particularly vivid, revealing Jia Rudao's concealment of military information and his crime of refusing to rescue, paving the way for the Yuan army to move south. In this process, the corruption and greed of the upper class determined the fate of the lower class, and Song Duzong's indulgence plunged the country into boundless predicament.
Although the establishment of the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty was the last resistance, internal party strife and the strong offensive of the Yuan army put it in a desperate situation. The surrender of the Bosi in Quanzhou was even more embarrassing, and the isolation of the small court highlighted the isolation and fragility of the Southern Song Dynasty. In this process, the article's image descriptions of various characters are delicate and nuanced, showing the complexity and complicated fates of historical figures.
The description of the Battle of Yashan is the climax of the article, and the siege, blockade and fire attack of the Yuan army tortured the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Shijie's heroic resistance and final martyrdom at sea, as well as the tragic fate of the late Song Emperor, constitute the final swan song of this period of history. Through vivid descriptions, the article shows the tenacity and unyielding of the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty, as well as the heroism of choosing to sacrifice their lives in the face of destruction.
Overall, this essay profoundly reflects the political turmoil and military tragedy of the late Southern Song Dynasty through the vivid description of historical events and the portrayal of characters. Through this history, readers can feel the pain and perseverance of the people of that era, as well as the heroism shown in the final desperate situation.
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