Hutian kiln is a famous kiln in ancient China, located in Hutian Village, southeast of Jingdezhen City, fired celadon and white porcelain in the five dynasties, to the Song Dynasty to burn Qingbai porcelain, is the representative of the southern Qingbai porcelain system of the Song Dynasty, its products can be "thin as paper, bright as a mirror, white as jade, sound like chime" to describe, there is "Rao Jade" said.
The so-called "Qingbai porcelain" refers to the glaze color between green and white, white in the green, blue in the green, white in the green, with the characteristics of delicate fetal quality, glaze lush, like ice and jade. The word "green and white" was first seen in the book "Tea Record" written by Cai Xiang in the Northern Song Dynasty: "The tea cup is white in color, and it should be black and ......."Its green and white lamp is not used by the fighting family. ”
In the Qing Dynasty, some people called Qingbai porcelain "shadow celadon" because of the characteristics of thin glaze and light and shadow. For example, Xu Zhiheng wrote in "Drinking Liuzhai Porcelain": "The plain porcelain is very thin, and the carved pattern reflects the cyan color of the shadow blue carved flower, and the two sides of the hole are called exquisite porcelain." ”
The middle and late Northern Song Dynasty was the heyday of Hutian kiln firing, which can be described as "village pottery, kiln fire everywhere". During this period, the Hutian kiln produced a large number of Qingbai porcelain and high quality, which was mainly reflected in several aspects.
First, the utensils are finely crafted, rich in shape, and the number of categories increases. In addition to the general bowls, plates, saucers, warm bowls, holding pots, bottles, jars, boxes, there are stoves, trays, lamps, water purification bottles, slag buckets, washes, bowls, pillows, aromatherapy, inkstones, bird food jars, and a large number of furnishing porcelain and figures, animal and plant sculpture porcelain, etc.
During this period, high-quality porcelain stone was used, so the porcelain tire made was white and delicate, the carcass was compact, and the degree of porcelain was high. Coupled with the excellent skills of the potters, the color of the firing utensils is pure, warm and moist like jade, and it truly achieves the color of "shadow green".
Second, there are various decorative techniques of Hutian kiln porcelain, mainly including carving, scratching, hollowing, pinching, brown glaze dotting, grate drawing, etc.
In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, mangkou ware began to appear, that is, the use of cushion bowl covering firing method, which is one of the manifestations of the development and prosperity of Qingbai porcelain in Hutian kiln. The popularity of burnt mangmouthware continued until the late Southern Song Dynasty.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the Hutian kiln potters developed a "dual formula" tire making method of porcelain stone and kaolin, and fired new varieties such as egg white glaze, blue and white, red in glaze, and red in blue and white glaze, which has epoch-making significance in the history of porcelain making.
During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Hutian kiln Qingbai porcelain was exported to foreign countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Central Africa, etc., and there were even a lot of them in some places.
Mr. Liu Xinyuan, an expert in ceramic archaeology, once spoke highly of the Hutian kiln: "The Hutian kiln is the best kiln to study the history of the development and evolution of Jingdezhen porcelain-making technology and art in the 10th and 14th centuries." ”
In 1982, Hutian kiln was approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit, it is the first ancient porcelain kiln site in New China to be announced as a key cultural relics protection unit, indicating the important position and value of Hutian kiln in the history of Chinese porcelain.
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