In 359 B.C., Qin Xiaogong, the monarch of Qin, fought with Shang Ying, a representative of the Legalists, in the main hall of the palace, revealing the problems facing the Qin state. Shang's rhetoric inspired Qin Xiaogong's determination to reform and established Qin's strong position for more than a hundred years to come. However, at the same time, during the Warring States period, Korea was also carrying out a reform of the law, which was presided over by the representative of the Legalists, Shin Buxian, called the "Shen Buxiao Reform".
In 351 A.D., the remnant of Zheng Guo, Shin Buxian, appeared in front of Han Zhaohou of Korea and proposed a reform plan aimed at getting rid of the difficulties of the four wars and shaping the great achievements of Korea. Shin's changes attracted the attention of Han Zhaohou at the time, and he was eventually worshipped as prime minister to lead the reform of Korea.
Shang Ying and Shen Bu Xi were outstanding representatives of Legalism during the Warring States Period, and the changes of both occurred almost simultaneously, and both resolved their previous difficulties in their respective countries. However, it was the Shang Dynasty that had the last laugh, which had a profound impact on the rise of the Qin State and the unification of the world. On the other hand, although Shen Bu Harm changed the law, although it achieved the effect of enriching the country and strengthening the army for a certain period of time, it ultimately failed to extricate South Korea from the predicament of the land of the four wars.
To understand the difference between these two changes, we need to go deep into Legalist thought. Shang Ying advocates the rule of law and is committed to establishing a sound legal system to regulate the operation of the country. He emphasized the absolute principle of the rule of law, requiring everyone to abide by the red line under the rule of law and ensure the orderly functioning of the country.
On the contrary, Shen Buxian focused on the rule of art, and controlled the courtiers through the art of the emperor, so that they could serve the monarch wholeheartedly and ensure the efficient operation of the country. However, the problem of Shen Buxian's change of law in practice has caused obstacles between the monarch and the minister, and the rule of law in the country depends more on the personal will of the monarch.
Shang Ying's foothold in changing the law was a legal society, and he adhered to the principle that the Son of Heaven violated the law before the law and committed the same crime as the common people. In order to implement the new law, Shang Ying did not hesitate to offend the powerful, so that the common people of Qin had the opportunity to be knighted and realized equality between monarchs and ministers. In contrast, Shin Buxian's changes made the Korean courtiers resist the monarch, and the situation in the court was turbulent.
On the whole, although Shang Ying and Shen Bu Harm represent Legalist thought, there are huge differences in the research directions of the two. The Shang Dynasty Reform Law laid the foundation for the rise of the Qin State and the unification of the world, while the Shen Bu Harm Reform Law only brought the effect of enriching the country and strengthening the army for Korea for a certain period of time.
Different footholds, monarchs and ministers compete for glory: the dispute between Shang Ying and Shen Buxian's Legalists.
In 359 B.C., Shang Ying debated with the heroes in the main hall of the palace of the Duke of Qin Xiao, and bravely pointed out the problems facing the Qin state. The Shang Dynasty Reform Law became the key to the rise of the Qin State, and at the same time, South Korea was also carrying out the "Shen Bu Harm Reform". Although the changes of the two Legalist representatives are similar in form, their footholds are fundamentally different.
In Shang's view, the rule of law is the cornerstone of building a nation. He advocated the establishment of a sound legal system, so that the country operates under the norms of laws and regulations, and the absolute rule of law has become his core concept. As a result of the Shang Dynasty's reforms, Qin's fists became harder, laying the foundation for the later unification of the world. In order to implement the new law, Shang Ying even did not hesitate to offend the powerful, realizing the equality of the Son of Heaven and the common people under the rule of law.
In contrast, Shen Buxian focuses on the rule of arts, and is committed to controlling the courtiers and maintaining order between the monarch and the minister through the art of the emperor. Although his reform achieved the effect of enriching the country and strengthening the army for a while, it ultimately failed to extricate South Korea from the predicament of the land of the four wars. The Legalist ideology of Shen Bu Harm makes the rule of law in the country depend on the personal will of the monarch, rather than on the principle of the rule of law, which leads to obstacles between the monarch and the minister.
Different footholds determine the direction of the two changes. The Shang Dynasty Reform Law created a strong position for the Qin State for more than a hundred years, and the Shen Bu Harm Reform Law failed to make Korea continue to prosper. In the contest of Legalist thought, Shang Ying's idea of laying the foundation of the country under the rule of law became the winner of history, while Shen Buxian's technique failed to achieve the same success.
The Legalist controversy between Shang Ying and Shen Buxian is two distinct representatives of Legalist thought during the Warring States Period, and its reform results have had a profound impact on the development of their respective countries. This contest between the rule of law and the rule of art not only reflects the different concepts of the two representatives on national governance, but also leaves a profound lesson and enlightenment in the long history.
First of all, Shang Ying's concept of the rule of law made brilliant achievements in the reform of the law of the Qin state. He emphasized the establishment of a sound legal system and the implementation of the absolute principle of the rule of law, which made the Qin society more orderly and just. The core of the Shang Dynasty reform was to establish a legal society, so that the country was no longer eroded by individual forces, and laid a solid foundation for the rise of the later Qin state. His courage and persistence gave the common people of Qin the opportunity to be knighted, realized equality between monarchs and ministers, and injected new vitality into the progress of society.
Comparatively speaking, although Shin's concept of juggling brought the effect of enriching the country and strengthening the army to Korea for a period of time, it ultimately failed to extricate it from the predicament of the land of the four wars. He focused on controlling his courtiers through the art of the emperor, but ignored the fundamental role of the rule of law in the development of the country. The failure of Shen Buxiao's reform led to conflict between the monarch and the courtiers, and the situation in the court was turbulent, failing to bring long-term prosperity to the country.
When commenting on this Legalist controversy, we can see the firmness and courage shown by Shang Ying in the process of changing the law. He was not afraid of the powerful, and even did not hesitate to offend the prince and other powerful people, actively implemented the new law, and made great achievements for the reform of the Qin State. This attitude of adhering to the rule of law enabled the Qin State to eventually rise in the troubled times of the Warring States Period, unify the world, and lay the foundation for the establishment of the later Qin Dynasty.
However, the evaluation of the Shen Bu Harm Law is relatively complex. Although some achievements have been made in a certain period of time, the concept of surgical treatment is short-term in the long-term development. His failure to recognize the necessity of the rule of law for the long-term stability of the country ultimately prevented South Korea from its predicament in the midst of four wars. The state under the rule of art is too dependent on the personal will of the monarch and lacks the constraints of the rule of law, which can easily lead to contradictions between the monarch and the minister, and ultimately affect the stability and development of the country.
On the whole, the dispute between Shang Ying and Shen Buxian Legalists is an ideological contest in Chinese history, and it is also a duel between two different governing concepts. Shang Ying, with his stance of upholding the rule of law, became the winner of history, while Shen Buxian failed to achieve long-term success on the road of governance. This contest still has profound implications for us today, emphasizing the importance of the rule of law in national governance, and providing useful experience for us to understand and improve contemporary social governance.
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